Matthew Mulloy

264736472
Class Project

Introduction
For my project, I decided that I want to simulate what would happen to the Yagi-Uda antenna
characteristics is the antenna was simulated incorrectly. So, for the first part, it was required to
simulate the Yagi-Uda antenna correctly so that there is a basis for comparison.

Part 1
The wave length is 3 m long. The driven element is 1.2 m long. The reflector is 1.446 m long.
The director is 1.326 m long. Spacing is 0.6 m
The H-plane is given below.

Current at Reflector
Current at Driven
element
Current at Director
Input Impedance
Max Gain (dB)

Base Case
-0.003155-j0.007795
0.002794+j0.02005
0.001477-j0.01663
6.816-j48.92
9.73

Part 2
The smaller diameter is 19.125 m.
The H-plane

Current at Reflector
Current at Driven
element
Current at Director
Input Impedance
Max Gain (dB)

Base Case
-0.003155-j0.007795

Small Diameter
-0.002501-j0.005986

0.002794+j0.02005
0.001477-j0.01663
6.816-j48.92
9.73

0.002045+j0.01661
0.001901-j0.008934
7.775-j61.1
9.623

The gain has decreased somewhat. There is no distortion in the geometry of the H-plane. The
reactance of the new antenna is much more inductive than the correct version. And the current
of all three elements has decreased. All currents are still in phase.

The larger diameter is 31.875 m.

The H-plane

Current Reflector
Current at Driven
element
Current at Director
Input Impedance
Max Gain (dB)

Base Case
-0.003155-j0.007795

Large Diameter
-0.007295-j0.01033

0.002794+j0.02005
0.001477-j0.01663
6.816-j48.92
9.73

0.004165+j0.02543
0.000597-j0.01537
6.272-j38.3
9.707

The gain has decreased somewhat. The opposite lobe has appeared to increase. The reactance
of the new antenna is one forth less inductive than the correct version. And the current of all
three elements have decreased. The directors current has decreased the most. Everything is
still in phase.

Part 3
The length of the smaller elements are as follows.
Driven

0.9 m

Reflector

1.0845

Director

0.9945 m

The H-plane

Base Case
-0.003155-j0.007795

Elements Too Short

0.00009906-j0.003522

Current at Reflector
Current at Driven
Element
0.002794+j0.02005
0.001146+j0.009813
Current at Director
0.001477-j0.01663
0.000967-j0.0005971
Input Impedance
6.816-j48.92
14.19-j110.4
Max Gain (dB)
9.73
4.737
The most obvious difference in this case is the H-plane is very distorted; so much so that the
minor lobe has increased to be the same size as the major lobe. The gain is halved. The input
impedance has doubled but the inductive ration remains relatively constant. The reflector
current has decreased by a magnitude of 100 and is in the wrong direction. It is acting as a
director in the opposite direction. All other currents have decreased.

The length of the larger elements are as follows.

Driven

1.5 m

Reflector

1.8075 m

Director

1.6575 m

The H-plane

Current at Reflector
Current at Driven
Element
Current at Director
Input Impedance
Max Gain (dB)

Base Case
-0.003155-j0.007795

Elements Too Long

0.001671+j0.003691

0.002794+j0.02005
0.001477-j0.01663
6.816-j48.92
9.73

0.003939-j0.005693
0.00177+j0.004678
82.19+j118.8
2.664

For this case, the H-plane is again changed. The concentric circles have distorted and the major
lobe is now in the other direction. The gain has decreased to one fourth of the base case. The
reflector current is now in the opposite direction and all three elements are out of phase. So
the reflector is acting as a director in the opposite direction and all three elements are
emphasizing the H-plane at 90. The input reactance is now capacitive, emphasizing the shift in
direction.

Part 4
The decreased spacing is 0.45 m.
The H-plane

Base Case
Decreased Spacing
Current at Reflector
-0.003155-j0.007795
-0.01547-j0.01837
Current at Driven
Element
0.002794+j0.02005
0.02844+j0.05229
Current at Director
0.001477-j0.01663
-0.002506-j0.03954
Input Impedance
6.816-j48.92
8.028-j14.76
Max Gain (dB)
9.73
8.528
In this case, the gain has only decreased slightly. But the minor lobe in completely gone. In its
place are a few lobes of lower magnitude. The input resistance is decreased slightly. The input
reactance is decreased greatly. So the array is less inductive. All currents have increased. But
the director is now in the opposite direction. This would account for the removal of the minor
lobe. All currents are still in phase.

The increased spacing is 0.75 m.

The H-plane

Current at Reflector
Current at Driven
Element
Current at Director
Input Impedance
Max Gain (dB)

Base Case
-0.003155-j0.007795

Increased Spacing
-0.003556+j0.01574

0.002794+j0.02005
0.001477-j0.01663
6.816-j48.92
9.73

0.01567-j0.01928
-0.01302+j0.01552
25.39+j31.23
9.199

The gain in this case has remained relatively constant. The minor lobe has increased, the
opposite of decreasing spacing. The input resistance has increased, changed ratios, and is now
capacitive. The directors current has switched direction and all three elements are not out of
phase. The currents have all increased.

Part 5
The H-plane

Current at Reflector
Current at Driven
Element
Current at Director
Input Impedance
Max Gain (dB)

Base Case
0.002794+j0.02005

Reflector/Driven
Element Switched
0.01116+j0.01516

-0.003155-j0.007795
0.001477-j0.01663
6.816-j48.92
9.73

-0.01328+j0.002705
0.002505+j0.003058
31.5-j42.79
6.164

For this last case, the most obvious result is the H-plane is changed. The major lobe and minor
lobe have switched. Also, the major lobe is distorted wider. A few other lobes are beginning to
appear. The gain has decreased by one third. The input resistance has increased by a factor of
5. The director current is out of phase. This explains the switch is the lobes