. The Structure of The Atom .

A= NUCLEON

X
Proton +1 A
Z= PROTON
Neutron 0 Z
Electron -1
NUCLEON =
PROTON + NEUTRON

= +
NUMB
NEUTRAL USES OF ISOTOPES
-  COBALT-60
Treat cancer cells
 IODINE-131
Thyroid disease
 PHOSPHORUS-32
ISOTOPES Fertiliser
[=] ELEMENT, [=] PROTON  CARBON14
BUT To detect photosynthesis
[≠]NEUTRONS For arcahelogy purpose

= ≠
Proton number Nucleon number
Numb. of protons in an atom Numb. of neutrons in an atom
Numb. of electrons in an atom Physical properties
Electron arrangement
Chemical properties
= electron arrangement

VALENCE ELECTRON = GROUP

NUMB. OF SHELLS = PERIOD
. NOTES .
 . Chemical Formulae & Equations .
EMPIRICAL FORMULA MOLECULAR FORMULA
SIMILARITIES
 Both show the elements present in a compound
 Both show the ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
DIFFERENCES
mplest ratio of atoms of each Shows the actual number of atoms of each
ment in a compound element in a molecule of the compound

÷ MOLAR MASS × AVO. CONSTANT (6.02 × 1023)

MASS OF PARTICLE NUMBER OF MOLES NUMBER OF PARTICLES

(IN GRAM)

× MOLAR MASS ÷ AVO. CONSTANT (6.02 × 1023)

÷ MOLAR VOLUME ÷ MOLAR VOLUME

VOLUME OF GAS
MOL/DM3 @ MOL/CM3
. NOTES .
)
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. Chemical Bonds .

I
N
O
I
M
E
H
C
S
D
N
O
B
N
O
B
C
L
A
D
. NOTES .
 . Acids & Bases .

W
A
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A
D
I
C K
S
-
1
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A
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A
K
L
W
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A
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4

MASS OF SOLUTE(g)
CONC.(g dm-3) = VOL. OF SOLUTION (dm3)
 MOLES OF SOLUTE(mol)
MOLARITY (mol dm-3) = VOL. OF SOLUTION (dm3)

CONC .(g dm−3)

MOLARITY (mol dm-3) = MOLAR MASS( g mol−1)

CONC. (g dm-3) = MOLARITY (mol dm-3)

X
MOLAR MASS (g mol-1)

. NOTES .