‫¸‹‪@S@òjÈ’@2009@ñŠë†@@òîã‹Ï@bíŠìÜ×bi@åß@õbîàîØÛa@À@åí‬‬ ‫

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‫®‪ le Synthol‬ﺩﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻧﺸـﺊ ﻣـﻦ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺻـﻴﺪﻻﻧﻲ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜـﻲ ‪ Mr Roger‬ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻴﻮﺃﻭﺭﻟﻴـﺎﻧﺲ ﺳـﻨﺔ ‪ 1925‬ﻭﻫـﻮ ﻣﺤﻠـﻮﻝ ﻛﺤـﻮﻟﻲ ﻳﻄﺒ‪‬ـﻖ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻴﺎ ﻛﻤﻨﻈﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻟﻶﻻﻡ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ 100g‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻴﻄﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ‬

‫‪) …… …………………………0,2600 g‬ﻟﻮﻓﻮﻣﻨﺜﻮﻝ(‪Levomenthol‬‬

‫‪) …… ………..……………………..0,2600 g‬ﻓﻴﺮﺍﺗﺮﻭﻝ(‪Vératrole‬‬

‫‪)………… ……………………0,0210 g‬ﺭﻳﺰﻭﺭﺳﻴﻨﻮﻝ ( ‪Résorcinol‬‬

‫‪)…………………….0,0105 g‬ﺣﻤﺾ ﺳﻠﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ ( ‪Acide salicylique‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺯﻳﻮﺕ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺮﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻨﻮﻟﻴﻴﻦ )‪(E104‬‬

‫ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﺘﻮﻝ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺬﺍﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺬﻳﺐ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻪ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮﻝ ‪ 96%‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﺺ ) ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ ‪(34,5%‬‬

‫ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻧﺘﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻼﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﺘﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪(1‬‬

‫‪ (11‬ﻧﺮ ﻳــﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌــﺮﻑ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺻــﻴﻎ ‪ :‬ﺣﻤــﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﻴﺴــﻴﻠﻴﻚ )‪ ، (A‬ﺭﻳﺰﻭﺭﺳــﻴﻨﻮﻝ )‪ ،(R‬ﻓﻴﺮﺍﺗــﺮﻭﻝ)‪ (V‬ﺍﻟﺘــﻲ ﺗــﺪﺧﻞ ﻓــﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴــﺐ ﺍﻟــﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻤــﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻤــﺾ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ ﺣﻤﺾ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻛﺴﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺭﻳﺰﻳﺴﻴﻨﻮﻝ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻲ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﻞ ‪ .‬ﺃﻗﺮﻥ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫ﻟﻬﺎ ‪ ، V ، A :‬ﺃﻭ ‪R‬‬

‫‪OH‬‬
‫‪OCH3‬‬ ‫‪CO2H‬‬

‫‪OCH3‬‬ ‫‪OH‬‬ ‫‪OH‬‬

‫ا‪N°1‬‬ ‫ا‪N°2‬‬ ‫ا‪N°3‬‬

‫‪ (21‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﺏ ‪ ، AH‬ﻭﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ‪ n0 = 7,20×10 – 4 mol‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺠﻢ ‪V0‬‬
‫‪ = 100 mL‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ ‪ . C0‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ‪ pH‬ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪. 2,6‬‬

‫‪(121‬ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ‪.‬‬

 ‫¸‹‪@S@òjÈ’@2009@ñŠë†@@òîã‹Ï@bíŠìÜ×bi@åß@õbîàîØÛa@À@åí‬‬ ‫
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‫‪ ( 221‬ﺃﻧﺸﺊ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻸﻩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻓﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (321‬ﻋﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ‪ xeq‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ V0‬ﻭ ‪pH‬‬

‫‪ (421‬ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ xéq‬ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻀﺮ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻛﻠﻲ ؟ ﻋﻠﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺳﻠﻴﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﺘﻮﻝ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺾ ‪ C7H6O3‬ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻟﻴﺔ ‪ . MA = 138 g.mol – 1‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻲ‬
‫‪ ρ = 0,950 g.mL – 1‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ‪AH‬‬

‫‪ (12‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺠﻢ ‪ VA = 100,0 mL‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ‬
‫‪cA = 7,23 × 10 – 4 mol.L – 1‬‬

‫‪ (22‬ﺗﺤﻀـﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻳﺮﺓ ‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘـﻖ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻝ ‪ CA‬ﻧﻘﺘـﺮﺡ ﻣﻌـﺎﻳﺮﺓ ‪ VA =100mL‬ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﺑﻤﺤﻠـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺼـﻮﺩﺍ ‪ (Na++ HO –).‬ﻭﻧﻌﺘﺒـﺮ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪C7H 6O3 + HO –
C7H 5O3 – + H2O‬‬

‫‪ (122‬ﻋﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ ﺛﻢ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮ )‪ ni(C7H6O3‬ﻭﻛﻤﻴـﺔ ﻣـﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻳﻮﻧـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴـﻴﺪ‬
‫)– ‪ n(HO‬ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ )ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ (‬

‫‪ (222‬ﻧﻘ ﺘـﺮﺡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋـﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻀـﺎﻑ ﻋﻨــﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜـﺎﻓﺆ ‪ VBE‬ﻣﺤﺼــﻮﺭ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺘـﻴﻦ ‪ 5,0 mL‬ﻭ‪ 20,0 mL‬ﺃﻋــﻂ ﺗـﺄﻃﻴﺮﺍ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴــﺰ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪–1‬‬ ‫‪–1‬‬
‫‪ c 0 = 1,0 × 10‬ﺻﻒ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫‪mol.L‬‬ ‫‪ (322‬ﻧﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ‪ S0‬ﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ‬
‫‪– 2‬‬
‫‪ cB = 1,0 × 10‬ﻣﻊ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮ ‪ 50,0 mL‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ ‪mol.L – 1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (23‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (123‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺃ( ﺑﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻤ‪‬ﺤﺎﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﻢ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﺼﻞ ﺃﻥ ‪ pH‬ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜـﺎﻓﺆ ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ ﺟـﺪﺍ ﻣـﻦ ‪ ، 7‬ﺍﺧﺘـﺮ ﻣﻌﻠـﻼ ﺟﻮﺍﺑـﻚ ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﺷﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬

‫ﻫﻴﻠﻴﺎﻧﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻤﺮ‬ ‫‪3,1 – 4,4‬‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫ﺃﺯﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻴﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪6,0 – 7,6‬‬ ‫ﺃﺯﺭﻕ‬

‫ﻓﻴﻨﻮﻟﻔﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫‪8,2 – 10,0‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺏ( ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ®‪ Synthol‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ‪.‬ﻋﻠﻞ‪.‬‬
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‫‪ (223‬ﺍﻝ‪pH‬ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ‪pH‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‪ pH‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ )ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ(ﺣﺪﺩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (323‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻧﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﺣﺠﻤﺎ ‪ VA=50ml‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ‬

‫ﻭﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺳﺤﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ ‪ ، cB = 1,00 × 10 – 2 mol.L – 1‬ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺃ( ﺃﻧﺠﺰ ﺗﺒﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﺃﻋﻂ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻼ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬

‫ﺝ( ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪ VBE‬ﺛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ‪ CA‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ‪(21‬‬

‫‪elghzizal@live.fr Ç@Þb–müa@ìuŠ½a@‰bŽÐna@ëc@òÄyýß@ÝØÛ‬‬