Professional Documents
Culture Documents
College of education
Department of
Educational technology
Graduate Studies
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Experimental Research
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kk kk kk kk kk kk : kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
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k k k k kk k k kk kk k k k k k k
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kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
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kk kk kk kk kkkk kkkk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk
k k k kk k kk k k k kk k kk k k
.
[[ [[[[ : kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kkk k kk kk k k k kk kk k kk
.
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kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
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k k k k k k k k kk k kk k kk
.
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".
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.
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kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
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.
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:
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kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
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.
[[[[ [[[[ [[[[ : kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
14
[[ [[ [[ : kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kkkk .kk kk kk kk kkkk kk kkkk kkkk kk
kk . kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
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kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk : kk kk kk kk kk
k k k kk k kk k k k k kk .k k k
) ( .
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.
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) .(
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[[ :kk kk kk kk kk kkkk " kk kk kk kk " kk kk
.
15
[[ [[ : kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
k kk .....k k k k k k k k k .
- .
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kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
k k kk k kk k k k k k k k k k k
.
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.
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kk kk kk kk kk kk kk " kk kk" " kk kk" kk kk
kk kk kk )kk kk kk kk kk %25kk kk kk(
kk kk )kk kk kk kk kk %85kk ( kk kk kk kk kk
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.
.
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.
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[ [ [ :k kk k k kk k kk k kk
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k kk k k k k kk k k k k
kk kk kk kk kk kk ..... kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
16
) : (
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk kkk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk kkk k
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk k kk k k kk k k k k k k k
.
kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kkkk kkkk kk kkkk
.
:
[[ [[ [[ [[ [[ [[ [[ [[ [[ :kk k kk k
k k k k k k kk k k k k
kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk )1981( " kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kkk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk kkk k kk k kk k " kk kkk k kk k
.
[[ [[[[ " [[ [[" [[ " [[ [[" : kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kkkk kk kkkk kk kk kkkk kkkk kk kk kk kkkk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk
kkkk kk kk kkkk kkkk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk
.
[[ [[ [[[[ [[[[ : kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
k kk k k k k k kk "kk kk k
kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk kkk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk kkk k kk k
" .
17
[[[[ [[ [[ [[ : kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk - kk kk
kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kkkk kk
.
:
k k kk k k k kk k k k k k kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
:
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk.
kk kk kk kkkk kkkkkk kk -kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk
kk k kk k kk k kk kkk k kk k kk k kk kkk k kk kkk k kk k kk kkk k kk k kk kkk k
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk . kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
:
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.2 .
kk kk kk k k k kk k k kkk k k
.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kkkk kkkk kk .kk kk kk kkkk kkkk kk kkkk kkkk kk
kk kk kkkk kkkk .kkkk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kkkk kk kkkk kk kk kk kkkk kk kkkk kkkk kk
). (
18
:
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.Ex post facto
k k k kk k kk k k k k k kk k k k
kkkk kkkk kk kk kk . kk kk kkkk kk kk kkkk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
k k k k k k kk k k k kk k kk k
.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
k k k k kk k k k kk k k k .k
kk k kk kkk k kk k kk k kk k kk kkk k kk k kk k kk kkk k kk k kk k kk k
kk kk kk k kk k kk kk kk k
kk k kk k .k kk k kk kk k k k kk
kk kk kkkk kk .kk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk kkkk
kkkk kk kk kkkk kkkk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kk
k k kk kk k k k k kk kk k k kkk
k kk k kk kk kk kk k k k -k
k k
kk k k kk k k k k k k k k kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk k
k k k kk k k kk k kk k
kk k kk kkk k -kk kkk k kk k kk k kk kkk k kk k kk k kk kkk k kk k kk k
). .(
kk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kkkk kkkk kk kk
:
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]] [X[ .
][ .
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][ .
19
):(
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kkkk kk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk poor-Designskk kk kk kk
.Non-Designs
kk kk kk kkkk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kk
k k k k ) ( k k kk k k k k k
.
:One shot case study
k k k k k kk kk k kk kk .k
:
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kkkk kk kk kk kkkk kk
kk kk kkkk kk kk kkkk kk kkkk
kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k
.
20
):True-Experimental Design(
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kkkk
kkkk kk kkkk kk kkkk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk
.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk: kk Pre-Test,
:Post-Test, Control Group Design
:
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
k k k k kk kk k k )kk k kk( k
k kk kk .k kk k kk )k k k( k k kk
.
21
.
.
.
.
k k k k k k k kk k kk k k k k
k kk kk kk kk kk k k k k k
kk k kk k kk k kk kkk k )kk k( kk k kk k kk kkk k kk kkk k kk k kk kkk k
kk kk kk kk k kk k k k k k k k
:
22
:Factorial Design
k k k k kk kk k k k k k k
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
k kk k k k kk kk k k k kk k
kk kk kk kkkk kk kk .kk
kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk
kk kk k kk k k kk k kk kk k k kk
.
kk k
k k kk) ( k kk k k k k k
k kk k kk k k kk k k k kk k
.
kk kk ) ( kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
:
X
X
X
X
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kkkk ] [
kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k] kk k kk k
kk k k k kk k k k: kk k k k kk k k k) (X kk k k k ) (X kk k k k ] kk k k k kk k k k : kk k k k) (
)[( .
23
) ( .
) ( .
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kk kkkk kk kk kk kkkk kk kkkk kkkk kk kk kkkk kk kk
.
k k k k k k k kk k k k kk kk k k k,
k kk
kk kkkk kkkk kkkk kk kkkk kk kkkk kk kk kk
kk kkkk kk kk kkkk)kkkk kk( kkkk kk kk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk
.
:
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kk k k k ]kk k k kk .kk k kk k kk
[.
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):Quazi-Experimental Design(
kk kk kk kk kk )kk kk kkkk( kk kk kk kk
kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k
kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk
kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk kkkk kk kkkk
.
24
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
kk kk kk kk kk ) ( kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
:
k k kk kk kk ) kk kk( kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
)( )( .
X
-
kk kk kk kk kk kk - kk kk kk kk - kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k kk kk kk kk -
- .
25
:
kk kk k kk k kk k k ]k k kk[ k k k
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk ) (X kk kk kk
kk k kkk k)( k k kk k k kk kk k
) (X kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k )( kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk k
kk) (X kk kk kk kk kk )( kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
) (X )(.
kk kk kkkk kkkk kkkk )( kkkk kkkk)( kk kk
.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk
k k )k k( k k kk k k k k k k
kkkk kkkk ] [kk kk kk kk kk kk kk )kk
kk k k( ] [X X X X kk k k kk k k kk k k kk k k kk k k kk k k kk k k kk k kk k k k
][.
26
:
kk kk kk )kkkk( kk kk kk kkkk kk kkkk ] [X X X Xkk
kk kk ] [kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk
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) (k
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) (kk kkkkkk kkkk) (Xkk kkkk ) (kk kkkkkk kkkk).(Xkk
kk kk kk kk kk k kk kk kk kkkk kkkk kk kk kk kk
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.
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)( )(.
kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk
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.
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kk kk kkkk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kkkk kk
:
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.
.2k kk k k kk k k k k kk kk k kk k
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(
27
.3 kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
k k k k k k k k k k kk kk kk kkk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk.
)(
:
kk k kk kkk k kk k kk k kk k kk k kk kkk k kk k kk k kk kkk k kk k kk k
:
.1 kk : kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk k kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk
k kk k k kk k k kk kk kk kk kkk k
.
.2 kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
.3kk kkkk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kkkk kkkk kkkk kk kkkk kk kk kkkk .kk
.
.4kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kkkk kkkk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
.5 kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
k k k k k
k k k kk kk k k kk
k kk kk kk k k kk k kk kk kk kk
.
.6 kk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
.7 kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
28
.8kk k kk k k kk k kk k kk k k
kk kk kk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk kkkk
kk k k kk k k kk k k kk k k kk k k kk k k kk k k kk k k). kk k k kk k k kk k k kk k k
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29
:
k k kk k k k k kk kk kk k kk k kk k
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk k k kkk k kk kk kk k k kk k k
.
k kk kk :k k k k k k k k kk k kk
k k kk k k k k kk k kk k kk kk k
kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk
.
kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk
k k k kk kk k kkk kk kk k k kk k
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk k k k k k k k kk k kk k kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
k kk k k kk k kk kk kk k k k kk kk k
.
kk kk kk kkkk kkkkkk kk kkkk kkkk kkkk kk kkkk kk kkkk
k k k k kk kk k kk k k kk k ,k k
kkkk kkkkkk kk kkkk kkkk ,kk kk kk kkkk kkkk kk kk kkkk
.
kkkk kk kk kkkk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk
kk kk kkkk kk kkkkkk kk kk kk kk kkkk kkkk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
k kk kk k k k k ,k kk k k kk k kk kk k
.
30
:
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk" kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk " kk kk kk " kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk" kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk : kk kk kk kk kk kk kk : kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
.
:
k k k k k k k k kk kk k k k k
kk kkkk kkkk kk kkkk kk kk kkkk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk ) kk( kk kk
)(.
kk kkkk kk kk kkkk kk kk kk kk kk kk kkkk kk
.
k kk k kk k k k k kk kk k kk k
.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk k k k k kk k k k kk k
.
31