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Millennium Development
Millennium
DevelopmentGoals
IB
SL
Goals

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Millennium Development
Goals
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger
One billion people live on less
than
$1a day. In the Democratic
Republic of Congo, this boy
spends every day chipping
through stones in search of
minerals to sell. For a flour bag of
mineral-rich stones he is paid as
little
as 25 cents. His family and
community are dependent on
this industry.
Target: Halve between 1990 and
2015,

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Millennium Development
Goals
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary
education

Rowena was three when she started work in the

Philippines,
digging through a garbage dump to collect recyclable
materials.
Shes never been to school at all.

Target: Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and

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Millennium Development
Goals
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower
women
At fourteen, Phally was working two jobs while her
brothers went
to school. Now, with the help of a small loan and some
training,
she runs a successful grocery business in Cambodia,
employs her brothers, and can send her own daughter to
school.

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Millennium Development
Goals
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
In Afghanistan each
year, 283,000
children under the
age of five die.
Bismillah is one of
the lucky ones.
Suffering
malnourishment and
pneumonia, she was
brought in time to a
clinic where shes on
her way
to recovery.
Target: Reduce by

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Millennium Development
Goals
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Around 529,000 women die each year giving birth. 99%
are from developing countries and 80% of deaths are
preventable. As a traditional birth attendant, Emily is
fighting to reverse these statistics, helping with safer
deliveries for hundreds of women in rural Malawi.

Target: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015,

the maternal mortality rate.

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Millennium Development
Goals
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria
and other diseases
Pedro, Rose and Chembe visit
the grave of their mother who
died from an HIV/AIDS illness.
Their grandfather, 75, now
takes care of them. Over
14 million children have been
orphaned by HIV/AIDS
worldwide.
Target: Have halted by 2015 and
begun to reverse the spread of
HIV/AIDS.
Have halted by 2015 and begun to

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Millennium Development
Goals
Goal 7: Ensure environmental
sustainability
Every day Mame collects water for her family in Senegal.
Shes lucky enough to live near a borehole. The average
distance
to travel for water in Africa is 6km, and some children
spend up
to six hours per day on this task.

Target: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into

country policies and programs and reverse the loss of
environmental resources.
Halve by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable
access to

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Millennium Development
Goals
Goal 8: Develop a global
partnership for development
In Uganda, Simon sells the
harvest from a few parched
coffee plants that his
parents planted before their
death. He has no access to
global markets or
opportunity for a fair price.
For every $1 paid for tea at
a supermarket, less than
15 cents goes to people in
the country where the tea
was grown.

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Millennium Development
Goals
Target MDG 8
Develop further an open, rule-based,
predictable, non-discriminatory trading
and financial system nationally and
internationally.
Deal comprehensively with the debt
problems
of developing countries through national
and international measures in order to
make debt sustainable in the long term.
Address the special needs of landlocked
countries and small island developing
States.
Address the special needs of least
developed countries.

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Millennium Development
GoalsA Comprehensive approach
All the MDG influence health, and health influences all the
MDGs
The MDGs are inter-dependent. Better health enables children to learn
and adults to earn. Gender equality is essential to the achievement of
better health. Reducing poverty, hunger and environmental degradation
positively influences, but also depends on, better health.

All causes of ill-health affect the achievement of the MDGs

Ill health is not restricted to specific causes, demographic groups,
geographies or gender. The full contribution of better health to the
achievement of the MDGs requires progress in relation to the major
pandemics of AIDS, TB and malaria; to maternal, newborn and child
health; but also to noncommunicable disease and mental health and
neglected tropical diseases.

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Millennium Development
Goals
Fully functioning health System is
essential for more rapid progress

Achievement of health targets depend on equitable access to

a health system that delivers high quality services. The
exact configuration of services will depend on country
context, but will in all cases require adequate financing
with pooling of risk; a well-trained and adequately
remunerated workforce; information on which to base
policy and management decisions; logistics that get
medicines and vaccines to where they are needed; well
maintained facilities organized as part of a referral network;
and leadership that provides clear direction and harnesses
the energies of all stakeholders - including communities.

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Millennium Development
Goals
Systems that seek synergies between
programmes get better results
Interventions that address HIV and AIDS can positively
influence maternal and newborn health. Strengthened
laboratories are essential to combat MDR TB. An integrated
approach to malaria control brings benefits in terms of allcause child mortality. Programmes that boost nutritional
status improve outcomes across the board. Well functioning
district and referral hospitals are key to reducing maternal
deaths.

Millennium Development
Goals
Better health requires Coherent Policies

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Social and economic determinants of ill-health cannot be ignored. A

good health system - based on Primary Health Care - not only delivers
high quality health services, but ensures that health is an outcome of all
policies. A wide range of policies - those that influence how and where
people live, work, travel and relax; what they eat and drink; how and
whether they can access goods and services; and how different
communities, groups and genders relate to each other and to the state all influence the achievement of MDG health targets.

Policy coherence is particularly important in countries that depend on

aid. Problems arise when the policies of external agencies are not
aligned to nationally agreed priorities and goals. Robust national
strategies and plans provide the best means of ensuring alignment of
external agencies.

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Millennium Development
AGoals
comprehensive approach does not preclude focus
or having Clear Priorities

Global disparities in maternal, newborn and child health represent one

of the starkest health inequities of our times. Each year approximately
530,000 women die due to complications related to pregnancy and
childbirth. Almost nine million under-five children including over 3.5
million newborns die each year from causes that are mostly preventable
or treatable with existing interventions. These deaths are increasingly
concentrated in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, where 95% of all maternal
deaths and 75% of child deaths occur.
Recognizing the need for urgent action if MDGs 4 and 5 are to be
achieved a menu for action is needed along a continuum of care based
on a health system strengthening approach

Millennium Development
Goals

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Pre-pregnancy

Pregnancy Birth

Mother & Newborn

Infant

Child

Proposed Interventions:

Pre pregnancy : increase access to family planning

Family planning is extremely cost-effective and has a direct impact on improving the
health of women and newborns. An estimated 137 million women of reproductive age
have an unmet need for family planning, and some 80 million unintended pregnancies
occur annually. Recent studies suggest that if this unmet need were filled, maternal
mortality would decrease by 30% and newborn mortality by 16% globally, resulting in as
many as 150,000 fewer maternal deaths per year

During Pregnancy: four visits to quality antenatal services

Four targeted visits to antenatal care services can reduce the major causes of maternal
and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Specifically, they are used to a) detect problems
complicating pregnancy; b) prevent and control anaemia (through iron and folic acid
supplementation); c) facilitate integrated HIV counselling, testing and treatment for the
prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV; d) prevent malaria by intermittent
preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) and distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets;
e) treat malaria and other conditions in pregnant women; and f) provide advice on danger
signs and emergency preparedness and facilitate birth planning.

Millennium Development
Goals

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Pre-pregnancy

Pregnancy Birth

Mother & Newborn

Infant

Child

Proposed Interventions:

Childbirth: Increase the quality of and access to facility-based

childbirth
Every pregnant woman and newborn should have access to quality childbirth care in an
adequately staffed and equipped facility. Improving quality of existing maternity facilities,
while working toward universal (95%) coverage of high quality facility based services can lead
to an 85% reduction of maternal deaths due to postpartum haemorrhage, eclampsia, postpartum
sepsis and obstructed labour, an 85% reduction of newborn deaths due to asphyxia, a 40%
reduction of newborn death due to sepsis, and an 85% reduction in stillbirths.

Immediate postnatal period : home-based visits for mothers and

newborns
The neonatal period is often neglected, on the assumption that having survived childbirth no
further intervention is needed. However approximately 3.5 million babies die in the first month
of life, most in the first week. The provision of timely, quality postnatal care services can
reduce these deaths by more than 30%, saving more than 1 million infants a year. Effective
care can be delivered at home and in the community through outreach, and at first level and
referral facilities. However, home-based visits will ensure that both mother and baby receive
appropriate care and that referral to facilities are made when necessary and without delay. At
first level facilities and through outreach services, additional interventions can be delivered,
including care for low birth weight infants; treatment of infections; and immunizations (BCG,
Hepatitis B, OPV-0).

what can
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Millennium Development
Goals
Pre-pregnancy

Pregnancy Birth

Mother & Newborn

Infant

Child

Proposed interventions:
Infancy and Childhood: train and empower community health
workers to treat and prevent the major causes of childhood death.
About 9 million children under five years of age die every year. The majority of these deaths
can be prevented through simple effective interventions delivered at either, the community
level, first level facilities, outreach or referral facility levels. Community health workers can
prevent the majority of deaths from diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria, and malnutrition. In
combination with immunization and measures to prevent malaria, the lives of 3 million
children aged 1month to 4 years can be saved every year through timely treatment. The
continuing efforts around polio eradication make it clear that effective care to the mostdifficult-to reach communities is not only possible but necessary to preserve progress
everywhere. empower community health workers to treat and prevent the major causes of
childhood death.

METRICS FOR MONITORING :

Timely data to check implementation, assess outcomes and track inequities is essential,
especially the case for monitoring pregnancy outcomes, identifying maternal and newborn
deaths, and ascertaining their immediate and underlying causes.

Millennium Development
Goals national efforts to achieve the MDGs is
Supporting

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Core Business for WHO

Setting norms and standards underpins the technical approach to the

achievement of all health targets - for example in terms of treatment
guidelines and health service standards

Technical cooperation with partners and countries then helps ensures that
agreed approaches and global strategies are applied in practice.

WHO uses its technical expertise to assist national authorities as they seek
to develop coherent and well-costed national plans and strategies.

In countries with many donors, the WHO office assist governments in their
efforts to coordinate development partners and to ensure alignment between
external assistance and domestic priorities.

Collection and dissemination of data on health status.