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1. (a) The airflow just upstream of a normal shock wave is given by p1 = 1 atm, T1 = 288 K,
and V1 = 800 m/s. Calculate the following properties of this flow : po,1, po,2 and T2.
(b) The normal shock considered in (a) becomes an oblique shock if a tangential velocity of
Vt = 300 m/s is superimposed on the flow, as shown in Fig. 9.8 (4 th ed.). Calculate po,1, po,2
and T2 of this flow.
[Ans: (a) Po1=1.37 E6 Pa, Po2 =7.67 E5, T2 =576 K. (b) Po1=1.76 E6, Po2 =9.86 E5, T2 =
576 K]
2. An airplane with a round nose is flying at an elevation where the atmospheric pressure
and temperature are p1 and T1.
(a) Calculate To,1 and M1 if TA = 380 K and T1 = 300 K.
(b) Calculate po,1 and M1 if pA = 2.4 atm and p1 = 1 atm.
(Tips : Point A is a stagnation point and the shock wave in front of point A is a normal
shock) Shock wave
Air at T1, p1
Point A
[Ans: (a) To1 = 380 K, M1 = 1.15. (b) Po1 = 2.4 atm, M1 = 1.2]
3. Use the shock–expansion theory to calculate the lift and wavedrag per unit span for the
airfoil depicted below. The fly conditions are:
p∞ = 1 atm; T∞ = 300 K; M∞ = 2.
c
p∞, T∞, M∞,V∞
ε1 ε2
1
c = 1 m, ε1 = 5 degrees, ε2 = 3 degrees.
[Ans: L’ ~ 2900 N/m, D’ ~ 1500 N/m]
4. A group of UU students are working on a UAV project. Their goal is to design a high
speed UAV that can break the current UAV speed record at standard sea level conditions.
Use the circular cylinder shown below to approximate the fuselage of the UAV. Use FLUENT
to determine the drag on the fuselage at a cruising speed of 240 mph. Estimate the size (in
kW) of the engine.
[Ans: D, fuselage ~ 100 N, engine power ~ 11 kW]
L2
R
Axis
L1 L3
R = L1 = 0.1 m, L2 = 1 m, L3 = 0.1X m, where X is the last digit of your student ID #.
5. When flying at an elevation where the atmospheric pressure is about 1 atm, the instrument
on the airplane in Fig. 2 is suddenly broken. Fortunately the pilot is wearing one of those
sophisticated digital watches which are capable of measuring air temperature and pressure.
He/she also carries a aerodynamic textbook. How can the pilot determine the speed of the
airplane based on the temperature and pressure measured at point A ?(i.e., For this problem
p1, pA and TA are known, u1 is to be determined). Write down the equations needed for the
fly speed calculation and discuss in detail the procedure for determining u1 from the 3 known
quantities. Can the same method be used to determine the airplane speed for both subsonic
and supersonic flows ?
2
Air at 1 atm
A
u1 (unknown)
Fig. 2
[Ans: (a) For relation between static and stagnation pressures: Rayleigh Pitot tube formula for
M1 > 1, isentropic flow tables or equations for M1 < 1. (b) For relation between static and
stagnation temperatures: To = constant, T/To determined from isentropic flow tables]
6. Estimate the lift per unit span for the airfoil depicted in Fig. 3. You may carry out the lift
analysis either analytically or using Fluent. The fly conditions are:
p∞ = 1 atm; T∞ = 300 K; M∞ = 2; α = 10 degrees.
[Ans: ~ 230000 N/m]
0.5 m 1 m 0.5 m
10o
α 5o
M
Fig. 3
8. Textbook, Problem 9.6
[Ans: Pmax ~ 5.3 atm, alpha ~ 28.7 degrees]
9. Textbook, Problem 9.7
[Ans: P, pitot tube ~ 15.4 atm]
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