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CHAPTER 5
Sports Nutrition and Supplements
OVERVIEW
Athletes have long believed that their bodies demand additional nutritional
supplements to ensure peak athletic performance because of the increased physical
demands they must place on their bodies. As a result, many young athletes take
unnecessarily large dosages of vitamins and other supplements. Vitamin
requirements do not increase during exercise nor do they serve as an energy
source. Taking vitamins in excessive quantities can, in certain circumstances, have
deleterious effects and lead to vitamin toxicity; in extreme cases it can be fatal.
Although competitive activities make more demands on the body than those
under normal circumstances, athletes are no different from less active individuals in
their need for proper nutrition. Repair of damaged tissues, recuperation of fatigued
muscles, and regeneration of energy necessitate a balanced and adequate diet.
Fallacies and food fads are prevalent, but those individuals working with athletes
can make a very positive contribution by offering sound dietary advice.
Many nutritional practices are potentially harmful. Various foods and drugs have
occasionally been introduced to athletes for the purposes of improving performance
and/or assisting in weight gain or loss. It is the duty of those individuals working
with athletes to know what these foods and drugs contain and whether taking such
aids would be morally and ethically sound.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Identify the six classes of nutrients and describe their major functions.
Explain the three major roles of nutrients.
Explain MyPlate.
Describe the advantages or disadvantages of supplementing with vitamins,
minerals, calcium, iron, protein, and creatine.
Explain the purpose and importance of the pre-event meal.
Discuss the effect sugar, caffeine, and alcohol have on performance.
Discuss the potential side effects of ephedrine on bodily functions.
Explain the distinction between body weight and body composition.
Explain the principle of caloric balance and how to assess it.
Describe the methods for losing and gaining weight.
List the signs of disordered eating.
Explain the ACSMs guidelines for weight loss.
Explain how liquid supplementation is used and what its effects are.
Explain how low carbohydrate diets assist individuals with weight loss.
Explain the role of herbal supplementation.
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KEY TERMINOLOGY
2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any
manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
in the body. These vitamins are excreted in urine daily. [C, B complex (thiamine,
riboflavin, niacin, B6, folate, B12, biotin and pantothenic acid)]
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. What are the three energy sources in the body? Which is the first one utilized?
Which is the last? Which one is the most efficient?
2. Minerals are essential for good health and for life itself. Discuss the various
elements and their roles in body functions.
3. A deficiency of vitamin A may affect an athlete's vision. Why? Increased intake of
vitamin A also has some effects on vision. What are they?
4. What nutrients cannot be stored in the body and must be replenished regularly?
5. What are some basic guidelines for pre-event nutrition for high school athletes
who may not have a supervised meal?
6. What is the most effective way to lose weight?
7. Discuss the similarities and differences between anorexia nervosa and bulimia
nervosa.
CLASS ACTIVITIES
1. Have students prepare a listing of their food intake for a week to determine
whether they are eating a balanced diet.
2. Have students prepare a pre-game menu for an athletic team, keeping in mind
the time frame and the nutrients needed for maximum energy.
3. Have students prepare guidelines for wrestlers or other athletes wishing to lose
weight or maintain their current weight.
4. Have your students write a position paper on their views concerning an issue
dealing with nutrition such as proper weight loss, the need for proper water
intake, or eating disorders. See how creative they can be.
5. Assign a supplement to each student to research and then have a class
discussion sharing the information.
WORKSHEET ANSWERS
Matching
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
k
i
h
f
g
6. c
7. n
8. m
9. o
10. d
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
l
b
a
j
e
Short Answer
16.Fat soluble vitamins: A, E, D, and K
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2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any
manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
NAME ______________________________
SECTION__________
CHAPTER 5 WORKSHEET
Sports Nutrition and Supplements
MATCHING: Match each item with the appropriate response.
______1. Antioxidants
______2. Calcium
______3. Complex
Carbohydrates
______4. Electrolytes
______5.
Fats
______6. Fat Soluble Vitamins
______7.
Hyperinsulinemia
______8. Iron
______9. Minerals
______10 Osteoporosis
______11. Proteins
______12. Simple
Carbohydrates
______13. Vitamins
______14. Water
______15. Water Soluble
Vitamins
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any
manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
ESSAY
36-39.If one of your athletes wanted to lose weight during the season, what
information or guidelines would you give them to lose the weight sensibly?
IM-5 | 7
2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any
manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.