CONCLUSIONS.

During the foundry lab the principle and terminology of sand casting process is
investigated. Besides that, the defect of a product from molding preparation and the
quality of casting product are identified. Meanwhile, the pouring and cooling process
are analyzed during this lab. Furthermore, the preparation of mold and melting the
material are analyzed during the casting process. Indeed, the major defects of sand
casting are identified during the final process of casting process. Therefore the
defects that found during the lab are hot tear, shrinkage defects and pin hole
defects .Furthermore, the recommendation to avoid blowhole defect is by reducing
the moisture content or ensure even mixing. The design of casting must be
highlight because better design of casting will prevent hot tear to occur. Indeed, to
avoid shrinkage defect the proper riser and gating system must be considered.
Thus, to avoid pin hole is by changing the gating system so that the melt has little
oxidation.