65831

Operations Researches
: .
)
(

) (
Work Standards
Motion Study Job Design .

.

.

) ( 5
5 5 ) ( 100
1000

.
:
) Problems
(
Decision Maker ) ( Best ( Optimal ) Solution
) ( ) ( Decision Variables ) ( Constraints
Cost Minimization Profits maximization
Objectives Functions Parameters
usages Resources Model
-1 : 2
3 4
) . Operations Researches System Analyst (ORSA :
)Left Hand Side (LHS

)Right Hand Side (RHS

:

b1 ;b2;b3;bi
b1 b2 1 2
bi
:

a11;a12;..a1j;a21;a22;.aij
a11
a12
a21
a22
aij
:
for_nawara@yahoo.com
http://www.Fornawara.jeeran.com
-1

:
) (
}z = {x1;x2;..xn

Matrix
-2 :
-1 Decision Variables
-2 Constraints
-3 Objectives Functions
-4 Parameters
1 24
3
) (
1
5
4
3
2
2
6
5
3
4
3
2
240
400
1- Decision Variables
X1;x2;x3 Where
x1 quantity of product 1 ; x2 quantity of product 2; x2 quantity of product 3
2- Constraints
5ax1+2ax2+4ax3 240 where a = labor
4bx1+6bx2+3bx3 400 where b = materials
3- Objectives Functions
Max z=3x1+5x2+2x3
Subject to:
5ax1+2ax2+4ax3 240
4bx1+6bx2+3bx3 400
x1;x2;x3 0 Non negativity condition
4- Parameters
3;5;2 profit of x1;x2;x3
5;2;4 labor of x1;x2;x3
4;6;3 materials of x1;x2;x3
240;400 resources of labor ; materials

)
(

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6

-1 ) (
-2

-1
.a

.b
.i

.ii

.c

) (
-2
) .a (
) (
) ( Q
.b

Z
.c

-3
) (
FC
VC P TR TC
-4
) (
:
-1 ) ) z=f(Q
( Z=TR-TC
TR=Q.P ;TC=FC+VC.Q -2

Z=Q.P-FC-VC.Q -3
-5

.a )
(
:
.i = P.Q-FC-VC.Q=0
P.Q -VC.Q=FC
.ii
Q(P-VC)=FC
.iii

.iv
) Q=FC/ (P-VC
.b
.c

:
-1 )
(

/
1
2
3

1
40
75
15
150
2
25
50
45
70
3
30
60
50
60

120
80
80

) ( X ) ( 3-2-1 ) ( 3 2 1
X11;x12;x13; X21;x22;x23; X31;x32;x33 Where
x11 quantity of asphalt from plant1 to road 1 ; x12 quantity of asphalt from
plant1 to road 2 ; x13 quantity of asphalt from plant1 to road 3 ; x21 quantity of
asphalt from plant2 to road 1 ; x22 quantity of asphalt from plant2 to road 2 ; x23
quantity of asphalt from plant2 to road 3; x31 quantity of asphalt from plant3 to
road 1 ; x32 quantity of asphalt from plant3 to road 2 ; x33 quantity of asphalt
from plant3 to road 3
2Constraints
Supply constraints
) 150 ( x11+x21+x31=150
) 70 ( x12+x22+x32=70
) 60 ( x13+x23+x33=60
Demand constraints
) 120 ( x11+x12+x13=120
) 80 ( x21+x22+x23=80
) 80 (x31+x32+x33=80
Min z=40 x11+75x12+15x13+25 x21+50x22+45x23+ 30x31+60x32+50x33
Subject to:
x11+x21+x31=150
x12+x22+x32=70
4

x13+x23+x33=60
x11+x12+x13 120
x21+x22+x23 80
x31+x32+x33 80
x11+x12+x13 +x21+x22+x23+x31+x32+x33 =280
0 xij where I =1;2;3 & j= 1;2;3
4- Parameters
40;75;15 transportation cost of x11;x12;x13
150;70;60 needs to road1 ;2;3
120;80;80 product in plant1;2;3

-2
-3
-4
-5 ) 24 (
-6 ) ( 52 4

: 3

1234 5000240040001500
97126 %40 %20
%30 %40
%50 %10
) (
/
5000
9
2400
7
4000
12
1500
6
12
18
10

) ( X ) ( 4-3-2-1 )( R;P;L
) (
X1R; x1P; x1L; X2R; x2P; x2L; X3R; x3P; x3L; X4R; x4P; x4L Where
X1R quantity of material1 in regular gas; X1P quantity of material1 in premium
gas; X1L quantity of material1 in low lead gas

12
18
10
2-
X4R
X4P
X4L
X3R
X3P
X3L
X2R
X2P
X2L
X1R
X1P
X1L
1500
6
4000
12
2400
7
5000
9
Constraints
X1R+ x1P+ x1L5000
X2R+ x2P+ x2L2400
X3R+ x3P+ x3L4000
X4R+ x4P+ x4L1500
X 1R
40
.6 X 1 R .4 X 2 R .4 X 3 R .4 X 4 R 0
X 1 R X 2 R X 3 R X 4 R 100
X 2R
20
.8 X 2 R .2 X 1 R .2 X 3 R .2 X 4 R 0
X 1 R X 2 R X 3 R X 4 R 100
X 3R
30
.7 X 3 R .3 X 2 R .3 X 1 R .3 X 4 R 0
X 1 R X 2 R X 3 R X 4 R 100
X 3P
40
.6 X 3 P .4 X 2 P .4 X 1 P .4 X 4 P 0
X 1 P X 2 P X 3 P X 4 P 100
X 2L
50
.5 X 2 L .5 X 1 L .5 X 3 L .5 X 4 L 0
X 1 L X 2 L X 3 L X 4 L 100
X 1L
10
.9 X 1 L .1 X 2 L .1 X 3 L .1 X 4 L 0
X 1 L X 2 L X 3 L X 4 L 100
0 xij where I =1;2;3 & j= P;R;L


MAX Z=[] = 12(X1R+X2R+X3R+X4R)+ 18(X1P+X2P+X3P+X4P)+ 10
(X1L+X2L+X3L+X4L) [ ] = 9(X1R+X1P+X1L) -7(X2R+X2P+X2L)
-12 (X3R+X3P+X3L) -6(X4R+X4P+X4L)
Subject to:
X1R+ x1P+ x1L5000
X2R+ x2P+ x2L2400
X3R+ x3P+ x3L4000
X4R+ x4P+ x4L1500
.6 X 1 R .4 X 2 R .4 X 3 R .4 X 4 R 0
.8 X 2 R .2 X 1 R .2 X 3 R .2 X 4 R 0
.7 X 3 R .3 X 2 R .3 X 1 R .3 X 4 R 0
.6 X 3 P .4 X 2 P .4 X 1 P .4 X 4 P 0
.5 X 2 L .5 X 1L .5 X 3 L .5 X 4 L 0
.9 X 1 L .1 X 2 L .1 X 3 L .1 X 4 L 0
0 xij where I =1;2;3 & j= P;R;L
4- Parameters
5000;2400;4000;1500 quantities of material 1;2;3;4
9;7;12;6 COST of material 1;2;3;4
12;18;10 PRICE OF R;P;L

58 -1
Product/line
A
B
total
Line1
12
4
60
Line2
4
8
40
Profit
9
7
Xa;xb Where
xa quantity of product a ; xb quantity of product b
2- Constraints
12xa+4xb 60
4xa+8xb 40
Max z=9xa+7xb
Subject to:
12xa+4xb 60
4xa+8xb 40
xa;xb 0 Non negativity condition
4- Parameters
9;7 profit of xa;xb
12;4; hr used in line1 for products a;b
4;8; hr used in line2 for products a;b
60 ;40 total hr used inline1 and line2
58 -2
Product
A
B
total
vitamin
1
2
40
Mineral
4
2
60
cost
8
10
Minimum
5
5
Xa;xb Where
xa quantity of product a ; xb quantity of product b
2- Constraints
1xa+2xb 40
4xa+2xb 60
Min z=8xa+10xb
Subject to:
1xa+2xb 40
4xa+2xb 60
xa;xb 5 minimum product condition
4- Parameters
8;10 cost of xa;xb
1;2; hr cost of vitamin for products a;b
4;2; hr cost of mineral for products a;b
40 ;60 total cost for vitamin and mineral
58 -4
Product
Cost/uni Labor hr/unit
Price
Maximum Store
7

t
Clock
7
2
15
200
Radio
10
3
20
300
Toaster
5
1
12
150
2000
600
500
Xc;xr;xt Where
xc clock quantity; xr radio quantity ; xt toaster quantity
2- Constraints
7xc+10xr+5xt 2000
2xc+3xr+1xt 600
xc 200
xr 300
xt 150
xc+xr+xt500
) Max z=15xc+20xr+12xt (7xc+10xr+5xt
Subject to:
7xc+10xr+5xt 2000
2xc+3xr+1xt 600
xc 200
xr 300
xt 150
xc+xr+xt500
4- Parameters
15;20;12 price of xc;xr;xt
7;10;5 cost of xc;xr;xt
2;3;1;600 hours used by xc;xr;xt;xc+xr+xt
200;300;150;500 maximum product of xc;xr;xt;xc+xr+xt
2000 maximum cost of xc+xr+xt
:
3 ) (
:
-1
-2
:
) 0 (
) ( 0 X

; y )
(
-3 ) (
) ( 0 0

-4 3 2
-5
)
(
-6

) ( Redundant

) ( )
(
)
(
:
)

(
)

(

)

(

m =
m =

)
(
187
Supply
120
80
12
10
15
80
10
280
60
70
From / to
1
Demand
150
:
3
From / to
1
Supply
120/0
80
12
10
15
80
10
120
60
280
150
70
Demand
Supply
80/50
12
10
15
80
10
From /
to
2
30
70
60
30/0
Demand

Supply
50/0
10
3
12
2
10
From / to
2
50

3
80
9
10
60
Demand
70/20
Supply
80/60
10
From / to
3
9
20
20/0
60
Demand
:
= 2690 = 10*60+ 9*20 + 10*50 + 15*30 + 8 * 120
:
Supply
120
80
12
10
15
80/0
10
3
80
150/70
280
70
60
From / to
1
Demand
Supply
120/50
80
12
10
From / to
1
1
8
70
60
15
70/0
Demand
70
Supply
50/0
80
12
From / to
1
1
8
50
2
15
60/10
Demand
70

Supply
80/70
12
From / to
2
70
Demand
15
10
10/0

= ) 2060 = 70*15+ 12*10 + 6*50 + 70*5 + 80*3 (
:
Supply
120
1
80
12
10
15
11
From / to
1
2

80/0
10
60
2
280
3
80
150/70
5
70
4
Demand
Supply
120/50 1
80
12
10
15
From / to
1
70
2
70
5
60
6
70/0
7
Demand

Supply
50/0
1
80
12
3
5
From / to
1
50
2
10
70
5
60/10
6
Demand

Supply
80/70
2
3
12
10
10/0
12
From / to
2
70
10
Demand
10

= ) 1290 = 10*70 + 12*10 + 6*50 + 8*70 + 3*80
(
12

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Operations Researches

)Right Hand Side (RHS

0 xij where I =1;2;3 & j= P;R;L

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