Materials of Genetics

DNA and RNA

 Chromosomes
 Structurescomposed
of DNA that contain
genetic material
 Haploid vs. Diploid
 Haploid cells only have one set of
chromosomes (1N)
 Diploid cells have two sets of
chromosomes. (2N)
 Diploid
 Animals are diploid
 Contain two types of chromosomes
1. Autosomes: contain information for body
traits
– In humans there are 22 pairs
2. Sex chromosomes: determine male and
female traits
– There is a “X” and “Y” chromosome
 Females are XX
 Males are XY
 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
 Genetic material
which replicates and
is passed from
generation to
generation.
 A large molecule
consisting of
thousands of smaller
repeating units of
nucleotides
 Components of DNA
 Phosphate group
 Made up of oxygen, hydrogen, and phosphorus
 Components of DNA
 Deoxyribose
5 carbon sugar
 Made up of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
 Components of DNA
 Nitrogenous Base
 Made up of carbon,
oxygen, hydrogen, and
nitrogen.
 There are 4 different
bases
 Adenine
 Thymine
 Guanine
 Cytosine
DNA
 Watson and Crick Model of DNA
 Ladder type of
organization
 Ladder is then twisted
around protein
framework to form a
double helix
 Double Helix
 Uprights of the ladder
composed of
alternating phosphate
and deoxyribose
 Double Helix
 Rungs of the ladder
are made of bases
held together by weak
hydrogen bonds
 Adenine (A) always
bonds with Thymine
(T)
 Guanine (G) always
bonds with Cytosine
(C)
 DNA Replication
 DNA is replicated during Mitosis and Meiosis
 Double stranded DNA unwinds and unzips along
weak hydrogen bonds between base pairs
 Free nucleotides are incorporated by each of the
unwound strings of DNA which are identical to
each other and the original DNA
 Click on Link for review DNA Replication Video