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= Rendimento mecnico do motor a carga nominal;
(V)
= Tenso nominal do motor;
cos
IN
= Fator de potncia com carga nominal e

(A)
= Corrente nominal do motor.
12.1.4.2 INFLUNCIA EXERCIDA PELA LIGAO DE MOTORES

ELTRICOS SOBRE GRUPOS GERADORES
O fator de potncia, cos, de motores eltricos trifsicos durante o perodo de partida pode
ser adotado entre 0,4 at 0,6, a depender da carga. Disto resulta uma sobrecarga do motor
Diesel situada acima da relao de correntes normalmente admitida, conforme abaixo:
Com cos = 0,6: (corrente de partida) (corrente nominal do alternador) 1,33
Com cos = 0,4: (corrente de partida) (corrente nominal do alternador) 2,0
Deve-se considerar como corrente nominal do grupo gerador aquela que corresponde
potncia do alternador juntamente com o fator de potncia tomado por base para seu
projeto, correspondente potncia do motor Diesel. A corrente nominal do alternador
poder ser maior, por exemplo, no caso de alternador superdimensionado. A corrente
nominal do alternador essencial para a queda de tenso no caso de partida de motores
eltricos trifsicos, ou seja, com alternador superdimensionado a queda de tenso pode ser
mantida dentro de limites restritos.
Para grupos geradores sujeitos a uma carga inicial aplica-se tambm a relao de correntes
de 1,33 ou 2,0 se corrente inicial for adicionada a corrente de partida.
No caso de alternadores trifsicos, a corrente nominal pode ser ligada quando da partida de
motores eltricos trifsicos, sem que haja uma queda de tenso superior a
aproximadamente 18,0%. Aumentando-se a corrente de partida em mais 25% da corrente
nominal do alternador, deve-se contar com mais uma queda de tenso da ordem de 4,0%.
Isto significa que a um alternador em vazio podem ser ligados diretamente motores eltricos
at uma ordem de grandeza de aproximadamente 20,0% da sua capacidade nominal sem
que o motor Diesel sofra uma queda de velocidade anormal nem que haja queda de tenso
transitria do alternador alm de 20,0%, entre 0,1 e 0,5 segundo.
Eng Jos Claudio Pereira
www.joseclaudio.eng.br
Pg. 7
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380 / 220 Volts

11
12
10
Fase 2
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Neutro
12
Fase 3
3
Ligao Zig-Zag
Observar que a numerao das extremidades

das bobinas se faz em espiral, de fora para
dentro, em sentido horrio, de forma que os
nmeros 1 e 4, assim como 2 e 5 so
extremidades da mesma bobina. O arranjo da
numerao na caixa de terminais que utiliza
barras de ligao feito iniciando pelo nmero
11 no canto superior esquerdo, terminando com
o nmero 3, no canto inferior direito. Em geral,
h outros terminais na caixa, para ligao dos
circuitos de excitao. Existem alternadores que
apresentam 10 pontas ao invs de 12. Neste
caso, os pontos 10, 11 e 12 j esto fechados
internamente e o alternador no permite a
ligao 380/220 V. Se for necessrio utilizar
380/220 V, duas solues podem ser adotadas:
a) utilizar o fechamento de 440/220 V e regular
a tenso para 380 V no regulador de tenso ou
b) abrir a ligao interna das pontas 10, 11 e 12
e alterar o fechamento para o esquema acima.
Na maioria dos casos de mudana de tenso,
necessrio substituir o voltmetro do quadro de
comando, caso este no seja multitenso. As
ligaes do freqencmetro e do regulador de
tenso podem ser remanejadas para pontos
onde exista a tenso compatvel, conforme o
caso.
FECHAMENTO EM TRINGULO OU DELTA

Fase 3
Fase 3
12
2
4
1
11
11
Fase 2
2
4
7
Fase 2
10
Fase 1
Fase 1
Bobinas em srie = 440 Volts
12
1
10
Bobinas em paralelo = 220 Volts
13.4.2 POTNCIA DO ALTERNADOR

Vimos no captulo 4 que a potncia do alternador definida em KVA (potncia aparente) e
que a potncia ativa definida em kW, sendo o fator de potncia (cosM) a relao entre as
potncias ativa e aparente e que kW = cosM . KVA. Vimos ainda que existe a potncia
reativa, que surge nos circuitos eltricos com cargas indutivas, especialmente motores
eltricos.
Eng Jos Claudio Pereira
Pg. 18
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Frmulas de potncia para motores eltricos trifsicos:

(kW) = Potncia disponvel no eixo do motor;

(kW) = Potncia ativa tomada no terminal do motor;

(KVA) = Potncia aparente tomada no terminal do motor;

= Rendimento mecnico do motor a carga nominal;

= Tenso nominal do motor;

= Fator de potncia com carga nominal e

= Corrente nominal do motor.

12.1.4.2 INFLUNCIA EXERCIDA PELA LIGAO DE MOTORES

Eng Jos Claudio Pereira

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380 / 220 Volts

Observar que a numerao das extremidades

FECHAMENTO EM TRINGULO OU DELTA

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13.4.2 POTNCIA DO ALTERNADOR

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