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Kuliah I
Pendahuluan
Mesin Kalor :
Mesin Pembakaran Luar
-Mesin uap
Motor Bakar
Energi Kimia
Energi Panas
Power
Bahan Bakar
Motor Bakar
Daya
Automobiles
Power Generation
Submarines
Diesel Locomotive
Motor Bakar
1. Langkah hisap
- Torak dari TMA
TMB
TMA
- KI dan KB tertutup
3. Langkah Ekspansi
- Sebelum torak mencapai
TMA busi menyala dan
terjadi pembakaran.
- Terjadi langkah kerja torak
dari TMA TMB
- KI dan KB tertutup
4. Langkah buang
1
Qin
Qin
Qin
Qin
Now to find Qin and Qout.
Apply first law closed system to process 2-3, V = constant.
Qnet , 23 U 23
Qnet , 23 Qin mCv (T3 T2 )
Qnet , 41 U 41
Qnet , 41 Qout mCv (T1 T4 )
Qout mCv (T1 T4 ) mCv (T4 T1 )
The thermal efficiency becomes
th , Otto
Qout
1
Qin
mCv (T4 T1 )
1
mCv (T3 T2 )
th , Otto
(T4 T1 )
1
(T3 T2 )
T1 (T4 / T1 1)
1
T2 (T3 / T2 1)
T2 T3
T1 T4
or
T4 T3
T1 T2
th , Otto 1
T1
T2
th , Otto 1
1
r k 1
th , Otto 1
13
1
r k 1
th , Diesel
Wnet
Qout
1
Qin
Qin
Qnet , 23 U 23 P2 (V3 V2 )
Qnet , 23 Qin mCv (T3 T2 ) mR (T3 T2 )
15
Qin mC p (T3 T2 )
Apply the first law closed system to process 4-1, V = constant (just as
we did for the Otto cycle)
Qnet , 41 U 41
Qnet , 41 Qout mCv (T1 T4 )
Qout mCv (T1 T4 ) mCv (T4 T1 )
The thermal efficiency becomes
th , Diesel
16
Qout
1
Qin
mCv (T4 T1 )
1
mC p (T3 T2 )
th , Diesel
What is T3/T2 ?
Cv (T4 T1 )
1
C p (T3 T2 )
1 T1 (T4 / T1 1)
1
k T2 (T3 / T2 1)
PV
PV
3 3
2 2 where P3 P2
T3
T2
T3 V3
rc
T2 V2
where rc is called the cutoff ratio, defined as V3 /V2, and is a measure of the duration
of the heat addition at constant pressure. Since the fuel is injected directly into the
cylinder, the cutoff ratio can be related to the number of degrees that the crank
rotated during the fuel injection into the cylinder.
17
What is T4/T1 ?
PV
PV
4 4
1 1 where V4 V1
T4
T1
T4 P4
T1 P1
Recall processes 1-2 and 3-4 are isentropic, so
k
k
k
k
PV
PV
and
PV
PV
1 1
2 2
4 4
3 3
Since V4 = V1 and P3 = P2, we divide the second equation by the first equation and
obtain
18
Therefore,
th , Diesel
1 T1 (T4 / T1 1)
1
k T2 (T3 / T2 1)
1 T1 rck 1
1
k T2 (rc 1)
1
1
r k 1
19
rck 1
k (rc 1)
rDiesel rOtto th , Diesel th , Otto
dengan
V1 VL Vs
r
V2
Vs
T2 P2
T1 P1
V1
V2
k 1
2
k 1
(r )
1
k 1
T4
T3a
P4
P3a
k 1
k
V3a
V4
k 1
3a
k 1
qkeluar
kerja siklus
Q
1 out
kalor input
Qin
c v (T4 T1 )
c v (T3 T2 ) c p (T3a T3 )
atau
T1
t 1
T2 T3
1
T
2
bila
P3
P2
dan rc
T4
1
T
1
T
k 3
T2
T3a
1
T
3
V3a V3a
V3 V2
maka
1
t 1
r
k 1
rc 1
1 k rc 1