Distribuiors NATIONAL BOOK AGENCY (P) LTD. 12 Bankim Chatter St., Caleutta-12 ron on Mat of Datt-0-0una Pabshos Lila pny Sn so ia Pmcna ‘In this connection, we ma)\glso draw the attention of deve to the Indian FoeeiDh Minister, Stet Pe Ys ‘Narasimha Rao's iatement in the Lok Saba in July 198!.. While clarifying the Ind Goversin the appsrently conti ervjews of Mee Wat ingNan, Chair se, Foreign Relations ‘Commitee, and Mr. Deng Ziso-ping, Chinore Vice Ph Itiendly relations with Uadia and this sentiment we fully reipneet i Before the end of498l, out govecoment will tnd ‘eam 10 China, Werpoleted eut at the August 7, 1981 ‘ren conferonce thet the oficial team should. sot be Compesed ‘and. cateer-diplomats only. To do justice, both fo India and Chins, the team should comprise ‘of alnworins Beographers, political scents, sociologists fand thore ho Have bela~teying to improve che relations berweco the two countie\ end are ina position to arrive fis proper and fair pasilofon legal and historical mest ‘Of the issues involved. 4 "At the same te, mp fel| *#hat ouistansiog ieaes can be settled (othe metus) sutifaction of both the couaice in a qualitativlly diferent situation frstiod by Independence ftom imperalit domiastlon fd cltebes. Both Chia and ‘éloaies and esieolonies Sggfeaoe and es blcrary tervton ing ign of_sefleler ssrnatng — truer without ‘Sy tmperiaie Tenia sfempertve-reetfor peace as both are developing Detsing sovi-oonoaal problems which ly revolved. Mutual moltietimensional ‘and have equal negotiate o th fontierproble somldrtly rece dephdeace on imperiatin coustsen fd 08 ttmacnal“onpornnge operating fom thre Shalt} nei ing one oft pt ran, fh wit everthing tat eaind eae, we hve besos wei warmonsers and itary Eada ‘The imperiait counsgg und. counten which are uttendly towards China. would éo thelr nowt 10. bet {hat he sini covtrie ais neon near f ach ether, ‘at ce with Chis. ‘fe Soma drop ble rr loi gti ‘Wirwotonsgh nly t pple tle meme Fae 5, Meg, th inet Yess ptm, while ‘convocation oldrom at the Iadisn ‘School of nterontiool Studies, on December 13,1969 at New Del feferre 19 the events of 1962 crits and sid, “These ts ‘eason to think that Nehru was pesonally dpored but he eave nd sermed an lnlexibe postu isicin in Paslfement. Thereafter, he. remained. slot ‘rsive, leaving it tthe zealous ofcin lof the Mialtey of icici SieExtegnal Arce to carey on aa\geresingly any misive ‘watfare with China, rather Hike Whe one between Indica Gandhi andthe soiled Syadieate. The outcome in both fates wer inevitable, x tual rapt of relations, ut ‘herons, inthe sue the Prime Minister's correspondence Tih the Syndieate, the rest coald ive been foreseen ret nthe ease of ‘as unexpected an hag tragic consequences”. ‘Shri Menon alto obgevell ia this connection, “Nebr ‘wasaree democrat. Helways respectid public opinion. vet, he forgot that public ‘01 necemily "rege recent delivecanrn the Indian Parliament have, however tested perhaps © mood whch In belt for enoraion of porie ts wilh China But we Dav 10 be fr ou gard aguas achinetios of the inperialist powers Seiftngpiee Seta ins vised 0 ane ‘eeeeans RRA sete lps evar ee oem ‘of good Sino-Indian relai'ons are slarming development. ee geeisiae to omy ee, Peele tapout ny ttt a TDA i pectoe cp py ene jes oe Te ee a teeters an ene ee Geet pity mer ated You tame ee eae Shri Sc Roy,, fo Deputy issn Nala! fete Kouba: tee Pe ir aay one eft aro arse a te pa ncaa x mle oar or ere ee ot ae memair eae ten oa arn acne A na area Fa sore Hes re ae eon rot St oA cyt by be Rh ead ae re ene tn and lo. Seay x th norway 1a a Srey ® a s of India exape_ since yt that ia the Norte asere ae, the bounty ran more of lew aloag The” AEGEKi of he Himalayas” Io the Aitchison Tester, “Tw7S2 W931) as authoritative publication of the Forcien and Political department of the Government of Indl, t-was stated that the northern Boundary of Asam. lay ‘along the Sela Range and Trvang was incluled in Tibet. Himalayan Water tional treaty basis for to machinstiorf of Sit Olat Catto, the crlinal records of the yfoiive Tripartite Simla Gonterence (1913-14) which deate Tibetan boundary nd were “psi ‘Treaties, Vol. 14 ‘Treaties Vol. 14 in 1938, but wiih an Fepriet of 1925, In this book it was falsely paypated fat tbe MeMahon ne running ‘along the Higslayan” Watershed wan bused on tripartite teaty//arsing from the Simla Conference. of the Northern Frontier, pto 1938, fhe oundary wat shown sions the Karaloram Watersfed Lie, leaving Aksti Chin In 195. Sit Ola? Cares, ‘tied t0 push this sorfern frontier cast of Karakorum Poe to cegier a vay claim upto Kueslon mouotain- But then he did shy Jare to make a enlegorial claim ‘over this terion for Btish Indi, and the Survey of India map carried the remark ‘Boundary Undete Tn uly 1954 the Government of Indie. fsted a tow Sarvey of India map deleting the words Undefined over thie region, Since most of the previous Survey of Iadia maps wete withdrawn from eieulation, the Indian Parliament and the public were mised to telleve that ya part of fai,In the context of above, iNylll bo inadviableto die the pest and the package ofer\at the Chinsse have ‘made shoald be considered carey and with a mind to come to helpful consfsin, casa 8 Koos inserter, tet Frome How AcKNOMpEDGEMENT Special thanks are Semarjit Ghosh,» veteran Journalist, or helpiog/is 19 make the compilation from vatious sources and (0"Shti Ajay Bhoue of Gupte Pres for ‘aking Keen interest and Bringing out a decent low-priced fs now well Known, siace the Chiose began Tuid segs on what i elled the sve pursued an active policy of explore « "No: dovbt To 1913, whea mopk- Wor was knows about the hinterland than ie now knomD, this seemed a simple solution of the problem. But not only did Chine, fatiiation was sought, rete to ratty the proposed (renty ‘but the solation propose, slthough perk buitable when ly oo vague, when Tibetan salement ang ‘wth i Tibetan religion any/ culture, extends south of the ‘rest of the Himalayas. to there comes og this Boater where Assamese contacts give way to Tibstan, "This Is indeed, nly 0° be expected, become once the steamy, dens and aimoot Inpzoetable jungle ofthe foatille is lett behind, Tibetan villgera would. uote slow to take ‘Advantage of the cool areas of geeuland stitable for the raziog fySino-Indian Frontiers (A evige Souricrftoy [® s9proaching the Sioo Ends, froatier problem poliey framers have. boon largely, guided not eo much by solid fhets as by myths, some of thom being tele own invention, To thee it i they have offen gore't Iagtha which ‘ould on any showing bs resacfed as Sreposteain, They fave _aiicad tesa, saning. ‘They bave pedo pasage wer atage LEE it of contest from ayhhentc documenta, whenever ‘led their mood anatofe ft 0 guslmn In coking op tiidense whats sone eep the public ign problems, they. 8 very {arses af ioforatio the ofa eeoras of he Hi sj) which sloneegup have made the caries wise The “ul sory of the ring tastactions pay be Beat ead In theatticles® of De Karuashar Gupte wie. hae mate tame a5 5 most effective, f somerbatuncomprontninn ttioof the ofa Rani of the Stutedion rosin, ti. Sourin Roy + wel-knonn Idan seve He Served i the Neinal Archives New Dulh for 30 years and retired a Depery Diecor.Som eataeees cen i tt nnn im mh cial 1936) it was consistently shown ana it ap ene te itiegtunane see 5 a fe a Peis yalidily from a Tripartite Conven~ hte en ge Di Tet nd CGN ireceeatanee iy Wee meee See ee cece ee ica a eae eee daa oa dota ts ean a Note ftom the Betis Plenipotestisry ‘toot inte volume wferee to ehh, Busabe aa Sey a oa a SSRI astm, tpi chine at Come ee ee aes sean wo mon ce sey me det ; asia tae ‘rom enlesing inte any /negotiation. with Tibet except Ahroush the’ intermasiacy of the Chinese Government. ‘What thus the nactative nas to say"about the validity ofthe Aine proposed by MeMahes has ao basi in fact. As matters stand, however, he line was fot only not ratibed by the Deitch avthoriles, it naa, at De Gupta. bas estalsed Beyond doute, replied is go many words by Lord Tard ‘nge’s Government, who in ieis despatch to the Secretary “of State dated 23 July 1914, fated unequixcculy that com sideration of the northastt fpanler of ledia didnot form art of the functions of the|Sinla Conference. Even a ‘more reveling passage i thA aime despatch, which, De ‘Gupta has omitiocto mention, ‘what MeMshon had done with regatd to fixing ine howthéaet frontier was perso ‘bal to, bit and that the Government wis not bound by it Ty bringing to light this very ereial document. Dr Gupta atone blow, knocked the Botan out of the verbag ‘hal bas een ofcaly piled up > boost the validly of the ‘MeMsbon line. ‘Thete emaos the questiog of bow an entirely misleading account ofthe Simla Confrence aad. its sflermuth could find its entry into a separbely aibeati ofcial compilation 4 Atcbhow's Tresjies (flume XIV}. The correct answer 4 it would bave most ‘the archives ofthe Exrna] Department ofthe India Ofce ‘and to cox tem ito feeling the trath. ‘The story that ‘there records unfSliaia bie 9 follows: ‘The Brainy Orca Jn 1935 the Foreign and Policsl Departnent suddenly ‘woke up tothe very urgent imperialint need for pushing, vp India's north-eastern fronver from the Assam Tooth along which it ay at tat tino, to the creat of the lm yas. Although a alld ecose for pursuing this ait gas Inekins, Olaf Carve, the brainy Deputy Secretary of theDepartment, found no_dificuty Wa loveeting one, presiog into service ia this Behalf the abortive Simla Convention ir wall as the Notes interchanged previous o it between MeMahon and the Tibstan Plenipotentiary. One seriou innpediment wis presented by the orisinpl (1929) tue of ‘Aichioa's Treaties [Volume XIV', which gave & coreet fecownt of wnt had acteally happened in 1914 and whieh fiatly contradoted the twisted Interpretation that Coe tow wanted to put on these docoments, He felt no qual, short-ciroiting by withfaning the volume from cireu tition, ordering its destruction and by subtitting for it = feth feprint which conti! a garbled account of Gplsode suiting his imaelaterequiremerts. Although this ‘Spurious volume war browdbt out in 1938, it was ensured ‘hat it Bore the inprot of 192. These imazing proces Ings took place with the approval of the Secetary of State. Tlondon, But 4 psice oae's comprehension how the att could bea party to such a Qquing and unscropulows act of forgery. The ovina! aid he totally disappeared, bassin few co icidentlly uaearthed by Dr Gupta blnelFin the fedia, (ie, and the spurious reprint is ble for use, ‘That this has) mis enue lovers of trath the least ow the: bigh oflins 6f Gur Miljery of External Ales in by i alauming that they were fpmediate sation othe Rontee ofthe Westera er the Ladakh sector, fe Brlh Govern fee had left itmere o ls sade at theme of he. Cau oTpoWee Thetenie, there was bardly aay precise Sis laking om the subject tl 1954, when following Consolidation of Chinese power in Tibet sud the Aketi Chin ‘onigr_peoblem, That year, following th advice eal ‘enidere8 bythe North at Norh-Fast Bolder Commitee, fa uew aap of India vas offcally crave up showing a ‘boundary line ofthe Ladakh sectde wich took the crest of the Kuenlun range and placed within the India territory {or the fst ting the WIOTE oF U6 ALT CH ATE, WOOL ifthe fae. that the rea was at thie tne under THE ‘fetuatcontot of Ching, The new bouadary Hine was") Feeining = version ofthe Fgeward line proposed by Sir Joho ‘Ardagh os tong gro a2 1887 but ppt out of cout by the hap ‘General Stall on the ground thee it was diet to defend aod strategically sees range, which, i would " Trontior of the Ladekh sector Tt the Nebra Government snddsbly ‘woke up a need for showing an extended frontier in its maps. Dr Gupla's ‘vomae Ie thet the Government's intention was to confront ‘China with catoprephi fat scomlT"in order to et 2 better bargain fom any djshsion spat would tater tke fe bemween the two goverofonts on the frontier infu. move is atitude was taken in reaect of Tass supposed class to rritorles beyond the Kerakors ange in Novembey 195% when in a Note tothe Chicos ‘Emaar, the Ministry of Exicinal AMfuie boldly asatted In fo many words that she correct boundary of the sector frocoeded from the Kefakorae: Pass north-ast towards the Gare Tagh Bess and) ten followed the Kuenlea range to Peak 21250 ent G€Lopsitude AOE. The Note slo wade the amusing lain that this ine constituted the watershed beinece the Indus dad the Khotan system, = lain which, fx Dr Gupia bad ne diiculty la showing, wax opposed 10. ‘aly established facts of geography. It would beome trident to anyone who woud eare to Took up any autbeatic ‘ap ofthe region and in particles the Curzon mp, which ‘Sit Tobn Ardagh bad made vie of in drawing up his forwardreson. ‘AF to the question of the bovaiary ill, Dt Gupta, as already indicated, has convincing sbowp that thas bees ‘consistently teated es “undefined” by. virtually all pre- Independence ofl eoureet. Io Volome XI of Akhion'= ‘ret, Tor insta, Hs uteuivocy cred. that the 5 tho Eastera boundary of the Kashmir ‘Slate (which inludes theS}adakh region) vas undetned This inincly shown 28 undefined. ‘The escop- ‘ons te few, but none of them sports the Todian oficial lao. "The map of the Northera Frontier of British Hin: oostan (Survey of India, 1862), for igtance, shows the Karakoram roage a6 forming this frontier. The “Sketch ‘conducted actual survey operatpan in the region wider British oficial aegis and were expected tobe sozuaioted ‘withthe presge local station. Hayward, moreover, 0 Ariel in the Joursel of the Real Geographical Socket, Vor. XY, 1870 explicitly states thal eh Bourdary ine con cerned ran alg the msin chain of the Aarakoram m0u0- AK needs to be added that ht fe precisely tna range ‘whichis indicated asthe foater of the Ladakh region ia {he article on that area embodied in the Imperial Garetine ‘of India, and. that the Map of Tadia appended the Report of the Simon Commission (1930) alee stows ‘the very range a8 approximately making the cequsile owndary, 6 [Nehe's lain No leriows ert was ever ofically made to transcend {his de fcto boundary except pesgp fn (wo notable cas. ‘The fist serious eft to propos an advanced line was that mace by Sir John Ardaeh, whic, as tas been noted, was flppsd In the pod, The second move, vz that made t¥o ‘years ater by Sir Glande Macdonald the British Minbter i Peking, vio proposed a lst ambitious boundary whic eh {6 China the whole of Karshash Vale ond the great part (of Aisi Chi, shad no Beton fg, ab this was not accepted ‘by China, Two oer propoulytiere mooted for an aSvtn~ ‘e¢ ling in 1912 and 1915 but ore rejected by London. Of these the Masdonsld proposal eaands artisular tention, Deeauic a aeiborately distorted version of it came into ‘prominence daring the reeot Borde dispute nd extravagant ‘lame were put forward on ite basi by Nehru hiselin bis Tettr to. Chot Eslai of September 25, 199. Somehow he ‘wae given tbe eotisly wrong. mproson tht the prone ferocity apserted that the poxhernfipater ofthe Ladakh Teglourn slong the Keealen esfge Jo. point cast of 80" East, where st mot the esto boundary of Ladath und thst, the whoje of Atal Chip ayn Indian territory. Dr Cupta hhokis the Historical vision of the Ministry of Fateral ‘Asics primarily aespoasble or feeding Neha with this ‘eroog information snd thereby belping him o take wp tincomprominne stand. J By his lostly sit srpoments derived cseatially Tom ocuseate of wninbchable authenticity, Dr Gupta. hos Droved beyond doute thet (ete was Ho justification what- fowvet fo the funtntieclaims preferred by owe ler» wilh ‘ezntd to ths trontir, both ofthe western and nortcastera {ectors, Tle impossible for anyone who hos examined ‘is aretmonts impartially to cberish any longer any Uesion egaedlg the bstorical validity of ether the MeMabon tineie secnrerat on woasNed Actgs lahat ser foes z Flaps as Dr Gup’t main thesis, one. my perhans te permite to ay that i aves can vie gtetons Uoanrwored. He has conincagly etsishd tht the Beth Goverment ftom the very ox vasa satarhbs forrnel lotsn Wie’ Amen: Rontirs 8 90 however, otal clea why they ida iden voles esrng Tate itis when the wily Olaf Care ured appiving Bis ncwromactig art Yo ggitate the did ed brid Mer Mabon Hoes Te mny ve tht the Teety af 1907 Slit bed proved ori bapedinent te tion of the Tripartite Conveaton=fi¢ a. longer In execs, Bat that canot be repdid aga matory aon, A spud ted trenty dos sot astomatilly seve snp becuse tho rude 00 which it had %0 be zopidted bare cated > xi Tehanto be replged by a fesh treaty. Dat Tibet ‘aha til way nbc pervaly ad tere 20 valid-menne bf whichis Agreement could he etvited it the ater tat was ey be acepable fo tie comity St nations. The prewure whe Government wa nce to exes Tibet to make Ir abide by the terms of the. bore ‘Hee Convention was no moe hs'ak Act of Sate wtih no keg eps to saad po ‘ {Wat theo the Goyennmen ctned to een the fonier fo tne cets of the Miosias NY now avarenes that ii eis rand Galle le xaos Ae ‘vanced line? But i one would slow Bima atooece ive look tte ely hvory of the Cowl poiey of he Butsh Goverment, ose il be srpewed to Bnd that the Himalayan rg ret nove Fegatde sega axl ny atl avmatage. When is tho wt of Chews airy Saeiais in sha NECA cspon a IDLO 4 preel for mmore ‘tvanoed line wae mooted bolore Lord Atato' Goverment, Co soar poser pal ee woot tas aed al w no sategle advantage mas likely to acsree from sch ‘change in front, Tt i dict to imagine tat Lord ard loge’ Government sold have a vipw diamctialiy oppaned to it, the more s9 bessnse Lond Mlsto ad been faced wih an. aggresive. Chim, ‘wile by Hardingy’ tins, Chis had boon tendeted elt ely. harmles $y ys oi ioteral tums, Yet one should ‘adit that the recor of te period have not been, thoraeh- |y tead and tl that hs been Gone nothing more vsefel can, be said on the subject . “The Hidden flitory of" che Sino-ndln Frontier” (Ceanomie ad olin! Weshy, May 1974). ‘The Origin and Spin ace of he Sioasidton Agrae- © rent on Tibetan Theo And Pllvimage™ (EPW. Apr 1978) “A Legney othe Bish ol? (The Sateaman,21 Octo” ber 1970) ‘tye about A Frontler Dispute” (The Stteaman, 28 November 197 “The Metfahon Line 1914-1945” (The Chins Quarry, lly Sepeember 1971. *Dintordlons in the History of Sinendan Fronelare™ (EPV, Jly 26, 1900,India’s China Policy Ea K.P. 8. MENON hin bat soe Cota, bi the i cae vata einamin en sae Mua, its sede enh chs et EFL Sadie apsidpobiee ot overy and ase Sse ira emai, tn ew Ce’ ba Tinlad ance ne ap oe fem st edn abd Che. And tee wa Peereeetckea of tat tienéaip tn the ft decade Sher insepetioe = et cen ley wo Skt en tt are sadee ds perneat So Sten Gis in tees om pole a ea tonne ren tom rey baa ie eer ee attains Bren tway i Sie bad tenet yt Ben Seti wn eer tty oh Se nai Tsceny of it, toad rg te un of Cin, ere 2Omy tue fo China, Amercn consistently rcognied eee ead aede oo daeon bron Bar roy and axe vane er Co Ste ae tee ober eet SAS Caer teen et td he We “Rot tty te cne ae a he a crcoe Hen, ogee at Uae eA cet nel ee en aac tte ee PE AT wn i te Se ue eh tad scape mt Yonse TAIE'eahge Tine in 190i. Dot ue Youre Atend edlion ecaiuina selon wat ett ny ahaa ees cine aly te naeen aden Cen centates. Independent Tada did not want to start on the wrong foot with China. It did ot want to bequeath to fore ‘generations the kind of antagonism wpich existed for cent es between two other aeighbours, France and Germuny, And which torned Europe into a graveyard from tne 0 Hise. It Roped that the laimemoral friendship between Indie and Chie vould continue, even though China hed embiaced commuainn Wes tis en idle hope ? Wangbie an illosion ? re acm ‘sointhe light of afte-avente, If Kautilya ed bees ave fodty, he would have taunted up with forgtviness of his theories of the State ad his prescriptions for diplomecy, Kavtive hes some interestiog dedsition, ie has dened stale Which ion the fromler Of the state which ix on one's frontier, Dratal definitions these, but borne out by world history. Englend and France were neighbours, though separated by, x small tteteh of ‘ater, and they ad the Hundred Wears War. and may ‘other ‘wars bodes. France eid Germany have been ‘eighbours and biter enemicn. Germany vad Resa have ‘ben neighbours and not particularly good feenda, We nad ‘thought that Togin and Chisa would be exception fo the ‘ule, but our hope turned to bean illsion. ‘While making allowance fr all such factors wo mest ask rales ete: odd este tothe dete saiion of out relations wit! China. Ic was lagi, and not ‘Chinn, that wits its Ambassador Bre a protest agatort the failore to sel he frontier problem. China retained its ‘Ambsisidor in India until became clea thst we hed no intention of replacing our Ambasts Gorin Peking. ‘On the explry ofthe ferm of the Sinc-indlan agreement on Tibet—and. it wes in. thie spreetent that the Five Principles were feu proclaimed Ch ‘ Union onthe border of China too recommended iis renewal, at lar in ‘order to keep up the trickle of trade which had beem going‘on batween themsslves and Tibet, The Government of Tdi, however, riding the hith hors, refwed to renew the fagtemest, Thus, the thread of eur connexion with China ‘ete snapped one after anothet ‘When Cada Balai caate (0 Tadia in 1960 after the fi ‘blood wat drawn ot he fone, we mised an opporce ftompeovefelatons. Thee there was © faint ope that a fetilement could be roseted, ender which the Chiaete Goverment would recosoi the MeMahon Line, whieh ne previous Chigess Government had resopaized, i return for tome recogsiion on out part of Chinese claims in fed Aksui Chia aren. T “neh we have Fevily ci nator mre the rom, Trine Abo Chaes, sot in on femur Moreover, Sct be foresiten fat Alsi Chi eto importance (0 fe chines iis ofthe stow importa, int barre techni event Sac tse te Taouu Render Alustatr Lomb sar the sar oj nruut of Tnstsonl Api ondon, bs come foe concluten tat ica mate for tee that “lore a, may by # Pim nat atenptt ees hfe jini ars be pried n her esting f lt he ‘Sete ene ites adopted by Palamest Suing the eurensometar bay ai ne ores ot dima tenor ahold be surtesdere, ad 96, le the Govt ‘Set wih ao rom for mason. irae fom Sit Menos iets ot inden Shel of ‘erate! San, December 3,18) SINO-INDIAN RELATIONS Getting the Facts Straight (Extract from an Béitepage article io The Statesman, 1950, the Indian Ofice Records in Leadon show that it was not based om aay legelly valid ieetye ‘Nehru ols Paslinment on Agee /3, 195% “The MeMtahon, ine isthe frm fonter, frm by wey, fm by wens fm by aeonraniny”. “Avs seopraphical beundity, the MeMabon Line, roushly following the efoto he. Himslayasy muy, bo Be on ofthe flat docu fm the Ladin Ofc Rovo'ds docs aot beat out the verelty of ‘his claim ; nor was this recognized es such by the Betas ‘Government at that tne, which Yroomes cleat ftom ofa ‘correspondence between” the Corernor-General, Land ‘Harding, andthe Secretary of State for Tadiay ‘Laed Crem, Sina, 1918 Ta the late firs, however, an attempt win made by ‘some indian oMciss nde the laepration of Sie Ola Caray 4 sive the MeMtahon Line an ex pot fotolepat basis By hanes: in Volume XIV of the 1999 eatin of the Atshuon'e ‘Treacy, which contained the ‘roseedings ofthe Simla Conferenes, S:coeierence of Tibetaa, Chaese and Brisk Pleafpoendat Hes met in Tadla wo try and bring lement in {eysrd io mitiers op the Slaocibeten frontier; and e Tr ‘Partte Convestios was drann up and initialed in 1914, The‘veon wir Imp 193. Tan econnd volo of Alchioes feat Temaies canine weenie an Shoat Se eer rosin on ba Dol sree ete fener tone war ners ta sone a selec Sissi the scl Aes Mnary ons avare ce etiow gaint be MeMahon Line hen te beret _ Ofiiat Maps From the oficial Indian’ point of view, the Sino-tadian, border. dispace is sow linited vo the Cinete oseapation of aboot 1400) square, miles of tecrtory in the Kashmicie According tO the authoritative Aichivon XII (850), however, the Northern and of Kashmir romelaed “undesnes” curing ‘he Raj. Also, many oficial maps, including the map of Indin attached tothe Report of the Tadian Statutory Commi ‘sion (Sion Commisioe), Vo ‘in 1945, show the cret ofthe Kelskoram Mountsine as the Approximate alignment of the Northern und Faster froatier ‘of Kashmir. S0 the question arisen: How did some offale conjise up a border elaim of 14000 sqvete miles in the ‘Wertern sector, which remalas a stumbling Boek ia retclviag ie foday ? sj, however, there were two other versions tern frontiers of Kashmir, one ‘propoted by Sie Ardegh (897), and the other by Macertney~ Macdoneld (18%), whieh tied to push the Kashmir frontier ‘beyond the Karakorum ranges. Hut these line were never cially eccepied. In July 1954, however, the Indian Govecsment, following the advice ofthe Novib and Nocthe ‘iat Border Comite, pubinbed sew oficel map of Inia ‘mowing & boundary ting in toe Kesbmie-Ladal: wetor ‘hohe the creat ofthe Kecalon cangs and placed quis the Inoten territory, for the Get tne, he whole ofthe Akl ‘Chis ares, notwithianding the fact thatthe ares war a that time under the actus! contol of Chins. This new boundary ge was « yerson ef the Jona! rdagh Lite, whic nod bee, dismined by the-General Stil an the gtound thet it wat imcul to defend, and svategicall, wets iscomparson 0 the Kecakoram i From the lexal noint of vicy, this wailsieral aberaton ofthe Survey of Indie waps ig Ju ‘aay right to evend Inciss boundary in the Norih-Wer, fnclasing Akssi Chin. Ax suoocsot tothe Roj te lola thas 10 cccept whatever legacy wa left respi The British Goveremeay however, sisotety silent about the the trath about the Westen sector ‘of the Northern rosie of Brith India in x review article, Jn “Asian Alflee” (un, 1977) Ho oid that inthe north ‘west, “in the fren, ete wate defined front researching. als poly | foonRELEASED TO THE PRESS Copies of Correspondence between Shei Sfotirmoy Bonu, MP, Chief Whip CPIM), Vice-President, Dr. Dwarkat Nath Rotnis Memoria! Committee And” Shri V.P. Narasimha Rao, Minister of External ‘Aare on Sino-ndian Relations. No, 173/P¥S)/80_ MINISTRR OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS ‘ INOIA. NEW DELHI, 1308 Febroary, 1990 ear Sari Bom, ly rer to your leer of 29 January 1980 resting 5 notice querionsn Chiny which you bad submited Lok Saha Seoretaiat ‘2 The Lok Sabha Sestetariae must altetdy have con ‘ved 0 youthe facts my Minhtry has placed Before thea, In ropocte athe requat for» sbort notice question; how ‘ever Lam writing myo to complete the ror 3. Tele true thatthe Chines Foreign Miniter attended the Republic Day Yangiel hosed by the Iedina C.D4A. in Peking sad also thatthe Chinese Government haveconveyed ‘ee desire 1 improve Sine-iagian: relations. The atitade ‘ofthe Government of India hasbeen explained cleny in the President's Aadrews in the Parliament on January 23, 1980. India remos willing to disusy al losues with Chinn in- slodins the bourdary position ia the ques ef peaceful and ‘Egeiable toluion, We sls 39 ako sulable steps es regards bilateral exchusses, es ‘Wish Lind vegsrda, Yours sincerely Si-(P.V. Narain Ra) Shel syotirmey woe ‘Member of Parliament 15, Talbatora Road ‘New Dstn-ss0.001 February 12, 1980 ihe costentsbf whic have been noted very carefully. The proces of thaw’ in Sio-{ndian cclations that began, wich the tesovation ofthe Ambundocal level tes in 176 Thos tmade farthef progces. This improvement is elected in pace3 of your liter ynder reply, Here you were Kind ‘enough to tell tht Chinese Government “Rave coavesss their dvis to faprove Siao-fadian reais”, and “I emalas willing to discos all nuee with Chise including the Toundary queton, in the quest of a peselal a eiable solution.” ‘You have sssred me “io thkesullable sepe es regseds boaters! exchanges", This is enoburasing, Twas plested to note what President Neclam Sunjceea ew Chinese the suldios pieciple tor site tional elatonship? Tn tbe corekt of fate ducsson o®. border qu sion Dsitiont of the Sino-fodian border nega the! background of lt te bi ‘onic is absoluey, gsetety to yet ourelies clare about the border elf in the contest of various documents and Iierntare nom aval facts there ina tse of sGch material claimed to be based 00 ‘fica esords and documents, mostly ofitally not publihed fo far, Authenticity of such claims can only be confirmed ‘F danied by persons ike you who have cee ouch docu- tients aed yeoods, Lathe coonection 1 draw your poimed tention 10 an arisle “Te MeMaboa Line 191445; che% ‘Bets Legacy” by Profewor (De) Karonakar Gata poblahed in 1971 July-September lame of the China Quarterly (A, London-based reeusch magazine). Here the writer sfefered to the India Ofes Records Pol. 464: Pex $ & L/P & 5/1344 Poiteal and Secret Memo 8.206 No. 90 of 1914 G.C1 Foreign and Political Departoent.Hardinge 10 (Crew 23 July 1914 end quoted the then Viceroy Lord Har linge as snyog ia connection with the Simla Conference "We rocognise hata conideration of the eaters. par ‘of fado-Chinese potion of the Noch Eastern Frontier id ‘ot form part of the functions of the conference and we would therefore request thst the views end propos pot foeward (in Haclosare $ to MgMahon's Pinal Memortae dum) may be regarded as personal to Sir Heary MoMahon, ‘aed id not at present exying the endorsement of the Goverament of fadia. AS scon at we bave time {0 exs- ‘mine tht enclose we sell adavess Your Lordahip spar tely with relecence to various polots ited therein’ ‘Asfar as can be cigovereh fig the #ecords, Dr. Gupta ‘continues to tay, Hardinge never followed up Au closing ‘Quotiogpeofesely fom te Indi Oftce records De. Gupta further showed now Aitchiton’s Collesion of Eessgements He leo gave detile of how Mr, Caros ofthe Foreign and Role Deparment, Goverment waived ‘hie forers “This suthor has another book to hi ‘rede, “The Higden isory of the Sino-indian Frootier”” wbieb pies further dettils of the machinations of the Bstsh imperial euied to the Sino-Indian borders ay well es details of developments during the por-iedepeadeace days. ‘would like fo draw your atteation to yet another ate by « Supreme Court Advocate, Mr. Daniel Lai, "Norte Border” published in 1977 September ive of tie New Deli 2 magesne, Sesiner. According to Mr. Levi, an original copy ofthe aforesaid Altchivons. VI, VIX is aveilable i the brary of our Supreite Court even now. Mr. Latif hes id something about Absai Chin alo, The Fimes, Loodon ia it lune of November 1962 carried a map of Sineladian border slving the peepeMahos Line and McMahon Line positions. Farther, 1 wpuld like fo draw your kind eitenion tothe books Like Prot. Alastair Lamb's wovolume study, “The ‘MeMahoa Line”, Miss Qorothy Woedaan's “Himaay 5 Ghorge Patton's “Tragic Destiny” and alco War of 1962 all of which elie to throw “mare igh" based fon some revealig basle documents and faci cn the Siao- Indian bordetsproblem incloding is ‘geese’ in some coset and subsequent modifestionstherrt. 1 the British imperialist claim and follow-up action were the resis of forgery I am confident you will agree th ‘res and independent India can never atrociate hese ‘tion. Iateraations! ict They general et frber complicated through stoused emotions that jeopardise any ‘An early reply will oblige, With Hod repay Shri. V. Nusasinhs Rao, Your sincerely Miner af External Aas, Spotiemoy Bonk New Delis« Dear Sei Narasimia Rao, {am waiting w reesive yoor obvrvations on my let leter regarding the Siao-Tedian border question Daring my Ins visit of Cina {could noice the anxiety foe them ta re-open the conslnte that they had in Caleta ‘rom the close point (Celoutta Dibrugarh) to Peking via Munming Peking. 1 once e our relstlone ih Chica shoajd be Brought to pee-1962 level an polition! 4 exoaomie relations should by fally normalised, ‘With Kind regards, + Youn slur Shri Nararimns Rao Minister of External Asia New Dethi Dest Sich om still whiting to receive your observation on my lever reanrdiog ‘the Sino-indian border que! T1A4O. Iwrote ard drew yout attention co my let ‘appreciate f you would be lod enough to apply your mind snd this as early ax pousble. ‘Recently Isuw in Ananda Bazar Paitin ‘have the highgst circulation In the eountry that the Cainere ‘Ambasador wat called to South Block and be was told about the alleged involvement of the Chiaeie ia the North Eastern telon’s ouble. | am of course not rrprsed aboat this because this if one of the means by which the authorities who are sla law and order escape. We ove “veal orasiton IE RAW Totelbgnce Burenu ete. They will be (iHng in eheir duty if they are ‘woah to Toca the alleged culprits from peosecution and ‘ther actions sll be tateraed 16 know ifthe news published in the paper has any bess"at ell.and whether thee la way teal ‘proof to subsatinte sich allegations. T apprebend, chet lobbies are working to prevent India coming cles to Chink fd they ae lasing miehieves eis in the ea. ‘Yours sincerely ‘aj Syttemey BasaDear Stil Neasime Rao,_ Kindly refer to our cosverstion in the Lok Sabha ‘Chamber this morning. “At fist Tas taken abick when ou mae certnia observations but 1 was rather cooled ‘when you realised what the toth was. ‘There is «serious aalisning compsicn going on organized by those who Ww yy and tey and have Frcity relations with Chink and thet socialist and Aerelopiog counties, partially the neighbouring ones, 1 would suggest that you please find out dirty from the Chinese lenders what they suid nly you willbe able find out i there isa dstrdon and to what utenti there inanyy 1 regret, 14m unable 0 put muck reliance onthe reports inthe pew, 1am writing this paccolaly with the object of geting ‘o my leer dated 12th March; 1580 for which Ihave ‘seat to you reminders. You, plesse write oaly that mush yOu fest you are at liberi to communicate to Member of iam, I sincerely trast you will do this, atthe sooner, Assuring you of fullest co-opetation in regard to the nove. With kind regards, + Parliament at Sabha Stared Quon No. 182 To be Ansnered on te 27 Aug, 1981 Inia Prins Vist to Mamarover sa Ka Ao opening of U- . Borde Panes wth Tht Shi Hari Chandra Singh Rawat: SisiasjnSetate ‘Will the Minister of Exeeal Atte te pleted to sate ‘he outcome of bis discussions with Chinese Foteign Ministe ‘epncding Indian Pilgrims’ visit fo. Mansrover and. Keiesh ‘and opening of Utay Pradesh border pastes with Tibet for trade purposes?” F Answer ‘The Mlaier of External Afaes (hr. V. Narasimha Rao) ‘During the tlkspayd later at his press conference, the ‘Chinese Foreign Miniter ansousoed that tein plein ould resume visiting. Kaila lsamrovar ater the ‘monsoons, Temporary arrangements willbe made to recsive 80 pilin this year in groups not exceeding 20 indlviduas, However, due to shortage of time to make the asceatry administrative and infrastructural artangemests in sificalt {errainy only 0 pilgrims will be able Wo vst Keilash and ‘Mawsrova this year. In subseqient years the numbers. wll.2 ‘be expnaded and peomanent arongements made, through Conaifations between the two Government ‘Weare in conmation with the Chinese authorities on the serapguments for piletims to Visit Kailash and Masst- oe eertclevat ganounccmen( have been mage i al leading ca cutining both the procedure for applications (rom ercpctve ilerinsy as well apnea fragments made ‘both side for faitting the lsimase, 7 Mpe opening of Ucar Prades border. pases witb Tibet for tude parpous did sot come up for discusion during (Chisee Foreign Micister's recent visit to Inia Lak sith Vantatred Bedtion Nov 465 ‘Toe Answered onthe 19tu Febrears, 1981 ‘Proposed Vik of Chinese orsign Minter Shei Tridib Chsudhrl : 7 ¢ Shri Sach Agaeval > . il the Mister of External Ais be plesed 0 slate: To Whether, the Government have reseived any iodine ston tat tne proposed vii ofthe Chinese Foreign Minit De, Huang. Hun, which wat po off As yas may be taking place a sme catty date this year: * re Whether ting fast hat Chinese ender ave fh Gicd to leading staesinen of some other covntres about ‘helt intention to open a dalogve with Tada and (c)_ fsa, te reneton of Government tere 7 “Minister of Lam, dosti Company Alfa = (shri Shiv Shankar) [a) The Government have sot received any formal commniation from the Chinese Government about tht Guty dates of Ge propoted vist to India of the Chinese s {by Some Torcign gnitvicn Have conveyed to the Government of Todi tpt they have been told bythe Chinese fenders af th ltter's dssce to improve eatons with Tad To) The Prsidet ine his Address to Paliament on February 16, 1981 has Once again reiterated the Indizn Goversment’s witingnese to farther normalise Tndia-Chine ‘lations and to diese ll oustanding problems ‘To-Be Ansnerd oa 19h Febraars7981 ‘restebiog Gang Ia North Eaters Region bri. Y. Krishi . Wil the Miner of External Aflas be pleased io tate Ma Atheter itis fact tbat esence and objectives of Chin's current operations in Toda’: north estra region, end what they vers i 1962 when Poking armics seized {legs parte of Tndin teritories ty. whether tis also x fact that thee dntligence services have lng since formed mro-Peking gangs in Na Tid, Mizoram, ‘Manipor whose members have beta trained ig terrovim and supplied with arms 5 and We) ito, he renee of Government ia rec lram Miter of Law, Juste & Company Aas (sari shiv Shank {a}, (6) & (6) While ete ad teen Instaners of Chinese material sad iological support for extremist group ia Nagaland, Mizoram abd Manipif id the pest, no fresh Fanance has come to ight since the asetence given By the (Chines “Forsign Minister to the then Indian Foreign ‘Minister dating the laters vst to Coa ja Febraney 1979 ‘that such assisinse could be looked upon thing of he ‘puts On subsequent cocisons. whenever this mater bas‘ben mise by the Indisn Government, the Chinen side bas reiterated the ssorance given in Febrary 197, Lob Saba ‘i ‘Starred Question No. 140. ‘To Be Anon oe the 25h February 1981. Ait Violations By Chia Stri Cbandrjit Yaday: Shri M.V. Chandeahekaga Murthy : Will the Minister of Defence te pleated to state (a) whether it i a fat tht there have been » number ‘fir violations i Loh by China reeatly + (0) iso, the sume oF ale violations by China in Leb ‘during the lst two mocthe | and (6). the teton of Goveroment thereto? Answer ‘ ‘Prime Mir Strat tea Gand (@) and (0) "There have been 0 at violations by Chi over Leb, However, some Chines sireraft had violated “dian air spnce in Ladakh dorog aerial survey on thele ‘errtoris between October and December, 1980, (©) Chinese Government had lformed eater of thee Intention o carryout aera surveys of terrors onthe side “of the Inda-Chia Border. While statig tht stret pesat= tions would be taken tose that aircraft stayed i the Chinese ai space they bad mentioned that if foy technical reasoes ‘beyond ther control some aircraft ttayed into Tedin at apis the Govrnten of Inia my show endetndng Government of India brought violations of Tediaa sir space {to the notice of Chaese Government and requested them to ‘ensure that survey takes place ia term of thei aesraness to ‘The Chinese Government ave acknowledged that there Ime been some ale space volts td. aired ws that ‘rit lnstrucions have beea sued to their penton! eagsg- 38 ‘ed in the Survey work to guard against recurence of such Incidents. The Chiaesy Goveramest have now laformed us ‘that they have completed their survey operations alia Sanna {Utstarred Question No. 406 ‘To Re Anwwéted On the 1th February. 1981 ‘iolnon OF adian Ait Space Ry Chinese Aircraft SbrJ. Kain: i ‘Will he Minister ot Detonce be pladsed vo stam: (a) whether Government hive any reports of esl Jntrusion into and volition of, the Todian air space by Chinese sirra particularly i, Lah during the last two. ‘montis ; end (b) io, what ere the deta thereof ‘Anowee ue y ‘The Miniter OF State In The Miskty of Dynes (Shei Shiva) V. Pa (@) &(): There have been some violations of Indian espace by Chlaese atcaft during December, 1980, but no ‘violation by the Chineye seal of eur aispace took place ‘in January, 1981. + : “The Chinese Government ad informed seat of their tention to carryout aerial surveys of teritoras on thet > side of the Indis-Chins border. While stating that strict rections would befaken to sx that the sirraft stayed ‘within Chioee sirpadej they had mentioned that if for technical reasons beyond ther contol some area stayed ‘nto Indian airspace, the Govt of India may show andersian~ ing. The Government of Tria have brought violations of Tadian airspace to the notice ofthe Chinese Goveramest. ‘The Chinese Government haye ackaowledged that there have ‘been some airspace violations and had assured us hat stlet instructions were issued to their peronsel engaged intheseevey work, The Chose Government have now -informed {that they hae completed thc suryey operations © Ralya Sata Starrot Question No, 77 “To Be Angered onthe 200 Febrary. 1981 ‘Shuondian tatons i ‘Shrimati amido Habibullah: ‘Shriti Ratan Kumari.” f ‘Wil the Misistr of External Aste bo plead to, state the stops lately taken andthe progress made to inprove and normale Sing-india relations” Acswer . Miniter of La, Justice & Company Alfa (Girl Sis Shankae) “The Government of India kep under constant review the process of sormaisieg ilaions with Chins onthe basis of (ur principles and incrests Following are some ofthe steps taken by the Govsrument of Toga a this regard over the st few months = Iu) Ava part of te exploratory dialogue on normstion: sion of relations, Ge. Seettay le the Minty of Exteral ‘Mai, Shri Evle Gonralves, vite Peking i the later ball of Jone and on Wat cession he extended an ivkaton to the ‘Chinese Foreign Miniter to vise Indi. 1) When Shri Ruo Biendra Singh, Mister of Agricul tre, pesed throug Peking on his 3a back from the Deme- rie Peoples Republic of Korea ia November 1980, be falled op Mr, Wan Ui, one of the Chinese Vice Premiers On th seork towards gradual spcovement of India China rebtions. (0), Under en foter-Oovernmental underianding, PTT ‘and Xiohon news agencies have posted resident corerpoa- ‘eats in Bejing nd Delhi respectively. a” 4)" Forts cominue 40. be made to promote excags Ir “ash lds trade, since & teehalogy, afore and sper, tok Sa tarred Quston No. 6979 ‘Tote Atewere onthe 9 April 1981 + Slantadian Relations Sori Hannan Mellin: 5, ‘Wil the Minster of Extarnab Adit be [aj + wheter thor any now advanorient in developing ‘lations with Chia (@) ifso,whats [e)_ the aeps which Govefoment'ace taking to- develop farther lations dilomticly, comusercialy and etary; (whether there i aay positive sig In this irceton 7 Anset : ' Minister ofl, Josie & Comping Affe (Shri P. Sv Shankar) (als (by (© & (2) The Government of Trdla keep oder cosiant view the process of normalisstion of rele ‘ions, with Chine onthe basin of our principles and interests ‘Rovetl in his Opening Adrés tothe Bodrst session of the Parlinment om Febrary 16, 1981, the Preset reiterated -Ganernent of Teas poiey on weralbaton of rlaoas, vith (China fn he flleing terms = ‘ ‘Cur willing t frther normalise relations wit Chinn and to discnsalPoystanding pecbiems ine been mad coat fepeatedly. We hope tat te Chinee wl demonstrate their svlgnss (0 eeeprocate™ Fellowing ate some ofthe sleps taken by the Goversmant ‘of India ia his omard = i) -Awapart ofthe exploratory dialogue of normals: ‘ion of telatons, the Sacretary inthe Ministry of Exleroat ‘Atul, Shri Eke Goanives, vised bing in the stor bal‘of June ltt year and on that orcasion he extended a invitae tion tothe Chinese Foreign Minster towist Tein. Ail) When Stri Rao Brenda Singh, Minister of Agee alture paned through Peking on his’ way. buck from the Dessoccaio Poop’ Republic Kores in November 1980, he ‘led! on Mr. Wan Li, one of te Chinese View Premier, ‘On tis ecesion the two sides teilerated their intention to work tomards gradi impeovemept of Tndia-China relating, (ii) Under an interGoVetemental urdersanding, PTT snd Xinha news Wencies have posted resideatcoreapon- ents in Bejing and Delhi respectively. (iv) Etorts continue to be ade 40 promote cxchengcs fs Soch felts 4s tide, sleace & technology, culture tnd ‘pots. A chine gymnastic tri and acrobatic roupe sted Thin tthe iovitation ofthe Governmeet of tn Jnnuary)Febevary this yout Rajya Sabha Ustarred Question No. 103, ‘To Be Answered on the 26th Jaly. 1 Sino Indian Relatons - Shri Savatsiagh Soda: Stiimati Usba Malhotie Will the Minister of Exteraal Ais be pase to sate ‘what are the atest steps Government bat ikea to eormalne te Sino-ndian relations and with what results Answer ‘The Misistor Of External Affaire (Shri P. V. Narsima Reo) 4 in addres to Pactinment on January 23,1980, the President hd sated + > “Todia remains willing to dscove ll isnes_ with China, inching, the boundary quetion in earch of « Peacefolsluton; bed on equality ‘In keping with hh policy, the Prine Minister recived the Chinese Ferien Mitr and eld on the Chere ete. osdes ‘herein ongoing eilogue 2 te iplomae "Erie Gonftes, Sectetay inthe Ministry of ited deg fn Ye 1900 an el ake with the “Chinese Vee Forsan. Minigor Han Nislowge ‘These mecings and ay beled both sides obtainable anprecition of eachother vews on varios bilateral and Imtrnatoeal matters" ‘hn vitation hasbeen sanded to the Cini Forcion, ‘Unstarred Question No. 104 ‘To Be Answered on the 25th July: 1980 (Chisose Proposal For Settling Porder Dispute Shrimati Amarjit Kaur: ‘Will the Mine of Fateaat Alia be pleased ta tate = (a) whet it is a Tact dt Chien Bas offeted ie “package deaf” proposal for sing the border dispute with tia () if soy what are the detis thereof aad what isthe ‘ection ofthe Govern of Inc thereto and {o) what stepe Governmend have so far taken to sole ‘he border peblem wil Chinn and with what suseess?newer The Minister of External Affaire Ghri P. V. Narasimisn Rao)" Yen Si , (&) (©) The Crise ofat news agqey ta sated as follows | nee ‘Speaking to a0 Tadlan journalist « few diys ago, Vices let Dang Xinoping sald + *So Jona as both siden are sincere, respect the preset stat? of the boyder, and are foleuat towards cua oter, te Sino Taian boundary dice. ‘Hon saa be solved Through peactsl negoliatins As 8 ‘otter of fct, ever iosenepotins onthe bouncy que. Hos bsenn, Chive ins never sted for the rtitn ofall te ferrin illegally incorporated nto Ini by the oté colonial: ‘ws. Insead, China suggested thet both countrcs shoud ‘Make concessions, China i the East Sector and Taian the ‘West Sector, onthe task of the actally conta! bordat Tine 40,58 to solve the SinosTadian boundary qusstion tha ‘packago pao, thus flly demonstrating the spin of mata ‘derstanding ~ hs ‘Ths time i ome what more presse. ‘The Government of India. bas never Acceptod the premise 8 wich it based, namely, thatthe ‘Chinese side are making sconcesin in the Easier Sector by he iving up of territory whieh thoy sles i legally Incorporated foto Tada; Nevertheless we welcome the prot. feet g0 the Castrn Sector being sted witout any partons Tae estraty . fe ‘The India-Chios boundary question is longstanding and complex. Alter a considerable lise of tine, dat two ‘Governments have only just bogus to come 19 grips with Ie | ONCE sore. This itself isa positive step. Kemay be that “ways other than the package solution exerted by the ‘Chinese Government could prove more effective: piste policy of te Goverument of India fo seek a Solution to this question by pecefa means consistent wit atonal Rovour au dignity. ‘ Rojye Sebha ‘Unstarred Question No 463 “To Be Anewerdl onthe Ist Aurut "Palins Ut To Chon Shei Lishersbhar Nath Pande: ‘Shei Krishna Nend Josbis are the rames of the polticlos who. visite People's Republic of Chisa during Apri, 1977 and tune, 1980, and the parties to which they blon8 + (hehe he pen en bake revit the Cnn Pepe's Asoo for Fe inp wih Toles Goons an ’ {6 “sik Genie tives tv mad nly sue Men pinata Cas? deme 3 Minter Of Externe Afi GaP V-Rerstabe Roo (@) &(0) Aliwtof the Members of Pacimeat wis visi ted the People's Repablic of China between Apt 1977 snd Sane 10, fopether with the details asked for, i tached, (e)_ ‘There is a poset no proposal to send a study grou, ‘of Members of Parliament to ChinaEnclovure To Rajya Sabhs Unstarred Question, No. 463 For 1-860 8.No, Nome ofPolitclns who Party «8 tavited by = Wied ho PRE between _whigh he April 1977 and June 80, abe belongs De, Sobvamasiamn Janata Chines Poopos Swamy, Ma. Association for Friendship with Foreign Covetree, Suu R. Raat Sri E, Bolaoendan, CPE) do ‘Mes. Godavat Paster, Shri yotirmoy Bast.” CPT) do De: Subramaniam Swamy, Janta do Shri Saroj Mukherjee, CPI(M) Poking Reviom Sm Kensk Mbberjco, Lok Seba Unrtarred Question No, 4486 To Be Answered On The 18th Deéomber. 1980 ‘Sinendion Relations ; Dr. Sabramaniam Swamy ‘Will the Minister of External Ais be pleasd-to state (a) whether Sesior Chinese Oficial ore Minitars have tiven interviews (0 Tndian jourilists daring the hat one sears: (the names of the journalists and the dates of these Interviews ; and (6)_ tus the Government sen any perceptible sit inthe ‘Chinese Goveromeot on matters pertaining to the Since Todian relations by study ofthe public statements of the Goversneot of Chiaa vis thts interviom ? Anvwrer ‘The Minister OF External AF (GhriP. V. Narasimbs Rao) (a) Yossie! (b) fc the visi of only one journalist in 1977, details of incrviews given by senior*Chinee oficale to Tndiba Journalists during the Ist veo year tgpiafare a8 uader ;— 4) Sho K. K. Sharma of the Statesman was given an inecview by Viee Foreign Miaister Han Niaoling in Apel, 178; Oe i) Shri N. Ram of he Hinda wo sven an interview by Vice Foreign Misiser Yu Chania May, 197 Sil) five-member Tadia jounatas’ dessin comp- tising of Siri B. G. Veranete (forme Editor Hindustan Ties), F. R, Maitani (Chief Editor Organiser), R. Roy Chowaury) Chit of the New Delhi Bareav of Amit. Barat Patrika), Dharamvir Bharati (Editoe Dhseamyug) and. A, Sivaramaa (Editor of Dea Mani ysted China at the iain: ion of Xinhua frdm May 22 to Juve 10, 1978, The tata tras given interview by Uranf, Vico Chsinman of the ‘National Psople's Cgress of Chad in May, 1978,» (iv) Indigo“ jours accompanying former Forsign ‘Miniser Sri A, B. Vajpayee Goring is visit to China fa Febraary, 197 billy mt with Vice Chuiaaun andthe thea ‘ies Premier Deog. Xiaoping wile malting for out Fereign ‘Miniter to eal on him (0), 8. Nita Singh ofthe Stteoman was given an ites view by Viee Foreign Minister He Ving fa Api, 1972, (i) Avesk Saar and Barun Sengupta (Pstiks), N.am (Hind) and K. Khem (Stntesman) wet given 23 Interview by Vie Foreign Miaste: Ztoog Xiong aed’ Vie airman of he Sanding Commitee a Nation Pepi __ Comatess Neo! Naawarg gal in Jy, 199. (Ui). Shri Mtugsonka rom tdlan Fann gt an inte tuien ith Vier Fosien Miter Zhong Mids io Ape 7. (vi) Sil Krishua Kemi of Viksat got ax interview ih Scale Vise Chairman Deng Nupiny and Chairaan of {he Ohiste Reope'sAstocton for Friend wih Foreign our Wane ns Na i one, 1580, (x) 6.6. Mirchandan of UNT was gn on lntevien with ies Chuiman af the Nationa People's Congo of hina Tan henln and Vieu Foreign Miser Hey, Neng ja Ocater, 1380. ts) PEC Chicman PK. Roy, Covert Manager Cha ram and thee resident correxpooent in Peking, Sun! Roy so inevions with Vice Ffsig Minister Hon Nala and [ations Pope's Coupes Vee Caloman Peng Chon November, 18D, {©} The Government of tna ave taken note of the ‘penion by th Chines af hee ncgviens tonne ater elations beeen the fo eouncen As well nwo, lids be vay been compte tothe normuliston of tale ‘Chins tlations onthe bis of 8 ve priacinis of cet covahence ad consseot with ovr atonal teeta tas tokén yer stepe in conormiy it isd Lok Sabha, Unitarred Question No- 3521 ‘To Be Answered On The 11th December, 1880 ‘Chinese Kun Espionage Centre In Poonch ‘Shei. K. Krishna * ‘Will the Mister of Exterisl Affi be pleased to state + Us) omit Goverment ate ava that Chinen ‘sionags centre situated on the ontskirts of Poooch, ia ‘Paliten oconped Kishie and tis operating closely with Pakistan ttelipene outs + (b) whether this centre is sopected of baying plied Government ae avare tht high level ill- lary deigatons {fom U.S.A, gad China vst Pakistan in November, 980, During s0 stay in Pakistan they vised some air bises mesiavar,Risipor and Sargadha which are ‘ear PulsAfghas #8Tado-Pak borders. The US delegation sas ed by Admiral Robert Log, a Commander of US Forces fn th Pacific aud the China lam by the Ate Force Chist of Stat Wang Ding Li. * (©) Goverment ars wot aware of any joint ae exeecher by Chien and Pakbtan ac ois borders. LOK Sanita. Unstared Question No, 2486 To Be Auneved ou te 4h Dacember 198) Canese Atom ts Form Hennes Repti of Kase Shit Cuita Bana: ‘Stet Phoolcband Verma : “ Will the Minis of Buernal Amaire'be pletss to (2) Whether ye attention of Govecament has been ‘raya (0 the Sem item appesrig inthe States (Del) fed Ociober 6, 1980 regarding the alleged attempts of Chins to form a People's Republic of Kashmir by merging Jama dad Kesbmir with occupies Kashiiej nd () eo, e reaction ofthe Goverment thereto ? dnsegr = ‘The Naser of Extrual Mire (tei PV. Nacasinbn ao) (0) (0) Government have seen newspaper reports 10 thisefect. Goveramest have No formation to aavonete ‘these reports. However, the Deputy Foreign Minister of China Me. Han Hien Song in sninerview wih svising YNI correspondent at Berita recently dexerited the reports ss groundless and abeurd, Poo Goverament semsin vis fntin the maven, * ae LOK Sanita Unsarred Quelion No, STL ‘To Be Anemered ou the 2th Nowdmber 1980 ‘Sioe-adinn Relations ‘Shei Sabbarchandra Bowe Ala: Shri Chaaajdal Sharma: + ‘Will the Minister of Extémal Affairs be pleated 10 (a). whether the’ etentlon of the government has been wa to news appearigg in Wiaduscan Times dtted the 19e October, 1980 tmat'a Senior Chinese stated that the kena retlute step (0 improve () The Goveroment have sea the relevent mows item. () In hie Address to Paclament on Jeauary 23, 1980, ‘the President had sated: “Taaiaremalos willioy to discus allies with China, including the boundary question 19bused on equi... When the Prime ‘Minister met Mr, Hus Guoteng, Chairmen, ‘Communint Party of Chins, in Belgrade in May 1980, she fold bio thet af dota “sides gensinoly follow the Five Principles and tere was goodwill, thete could be & meaningful disogue 10 resolve all outstanding. quetions einen the two countries, : Lok Sabha Unstarzedaietion No. 535 ‘To Be Astwered On The 20th November. 1910 Sending Degation To Chwa Dalal Lama Shi Sarish Garwals 7 ‘Shri N-E. Hore Shri Rojesh Kumar Singh = De: Viewt Kumar Pandit: ‘WIM the Minister oF sternal Airs be peated to state (a) Whether it is a foot that Dalsi Lams proposet 10 send more dclegations to China ; (B) whither itis aso fact tat Dalai Lama fas also seat some delegations i the pest to Tibet and if so, the achievements ofthese delegations =< (6). whether the Government of tedia bave allowed Dalai Lama before such delezaions are sent: and * Gd) weather Government have given pomaleion for Aegpatehing mote dleatoas to Tibet by Dale Lama 40,00 what grounds ? é Anewer “The Minister OF Eaterral ACfaire (Shri P. V. Naraahima Bao) (@) HH. the Data Lama bs indicated in some of his ‘Prose loueriows that he proposes to send more fact fading delegations to Chins. (®) FL 1. the Dalai Lame bas s0 far sont three delegs- tions Tite. From the Press statements concervingtheve Aelegations issued by H. H. the Dalai Lam it is ont poss ‘le to quasi the echielements ofthe (98) primarily concerning the Dalal Lame and the Chine ath ‘Government of lads gra tions to visit Tibet doer “To Be Amwered On The 20 Novner, 1980 ‘Slunfodia Relations ‘Shei Jyotimmoy Bows esi Wil the Minister of Extersa’Atsite We pleased to state - (a). whether Government have taken fbrther concrete (Shri P.V. Narsbimta Rao) (a) The Govsinitent of India keep wader constant reviow the process of normalising relations with China ov the bass of our principles and latest, (©), Following are seme of the sept receatly taken by the Government of India In this ropa 1) As a putt of the exploratory dialogue on oormallse tion of roations the Secretary in the Ministry of Extersat Shri Eric Oousave vieted Peking in the ater Halfof June and oa that occasion he extended an invitition to the Chine Foreign Minstr to visit Jadia. 2) Whes Sk Rao Biendrs Singh, Min ture passed ebrongh Peking on” hie way Democratic People's Repstlic of Korea, be ealled on Mr. ‘Waa Li, one ofthe Chacts Vico Premiers 3) ‘forts continu to be made to. promote exch im sh Gee a te, sine & tects, cre Starred estan No, 484 ‘To Be Anowered On The 3rd aly, 1980, ‘See-tndan Relators Shri Tarlg Amar: 7 ‘WAI the Minit of Extédial Afra be pleased to state: (8) When and th ‘0 far witha view to improve relations with Ching (®) the salcat features thereatg sAnower “The Miniter OF External Affairs & (Stel P.V, Narasinta Ra) ‘ (®) Resides the brief exchange of"views that took place during the meetings between Prime Miniter end the ‘Chinets Premier In Belgrade on May Sth 1980 tnd the 4 part ofthis proces, Shri Eric Gonsalves, Seretary inthe ‘Ministry of External Aur, held take in Belling with the “Chinese Vice Minister for Foreign Ada, Me, Han Nig Long dutiog his vis to the Chinese 40 2th 1950. Thave quended an iviation tothe Chinese FFoveign Miniter tq vist India later thm yen which hes been accepted, (@). During he above lacuosions both sides expreted ‘4 need fo work for imjrovement in Tndia-Chea rlatont- ‘The ino sides staded that outstanding problems between ‘hem can be resolved of the basi of equality ad goodwil, TOK Sanna ~~ Upstarred Question No. 5379, ‘Tobe enowerd on the 24th lh 1960: ‘lane Held tn Cikese Prion. Shik BL, Bhatia Kumar! Keo Kemarh + Wil fie Minister of Prieraal “Atlee () whether thin matter was raired cating the ditcas F sions which the Feith Scoretary rectly held withthe ‘Chinese Governmeat in Peking; if 50, the eutcomer thereot and 5 et tach Gereatint apne die wt “Chinese Governdent nod cesar the patition of the indian deteaes en he Cane prisons where thoy are languishing since long? + Anawer The Mitr of External Ate (Shr P. V. Narasnba Rs)()& (©) Walle aie mance was nor rilied specially uring the dicunions wich the Seoretary fa the Minisry fof External Afri, Shri Bric Goasales, held recently with, ‘Chinese ofcila in Pong, both before and after thin visit, he matics been taken up with the Chisese Embassy is New Delhi. The respone. of the Chines Government was fo maintain tht no Indians were fold ix gustody in Chine. ‘The Goverament of ladia have ocealyfepented Tes request fe the Chinese Govcameat (make futher invergationt SSont te preci of nga in Chie. > “Lox sama srr Ost No.8 Tobe noord on he [20 1980 ‘yaks eating ih Chins Frlen Mriser Sori Amar Roypradhan ‘Shri Citta Bas ‘ Sarat. VeCnandra Sbebhara Marthy Shri Golam Raool Rocks Shri KP Singh Deo Anener +A The Matter of Ester Affots (Gin PV, Narasioha Rao) ) YersSir (@) ‘Toese mosis ore io the mae of courte calle od were nor meat te be cosions for say detailed ‘Ueutsons, "Ths two sider exprened tneir desire to improve 2 ‘The Chinese Premier exprewed ‘confidence tht the prolom between the two count ‘be settled through cpasuttations. On her pact te lan ‘Prime Minlserexpreied her vieW that given good-will and ‘determination, ao problem was unsolvable. The. Indian * Prine Minisar explained chat to Tadia, op-llgameat id ‘ot ican neutrality but the independence to Judge each ‘tava 09 ite aeite in the light of ts nations] interes and ‘he Interests of world peace. Unsared Question No. 1342 Tobe answered n the 25th Yorch, 1980 ‘Sino Teo Border ‘Shrimati Pram Daadarate Wil te Maier ot seca Ate b ed wae: (whether the Govetsinent have taken note of the “reported opposition by Caisese Governmeat (othe satemeat ‘of the PM. on the poteatial danger af the Chinese on the Tadian border and Bhutan, Nepal and Burma j (0) whether ths Chinese have claimed that the border ‘betmoen India an Chjns has not been delimited ; and (©) ifs, what is the actual poston inthis regard 7, Anwer 0 The Minter of Bxceral fates (GaHLP. Y. Narsinka Rao) (#)_ Government have sen an jem ia the Peoples’ Dally, ‘the oficial orpin ofthe Chinese Communist Pa = fs the Prime Minister has hecslf subueqdntly olatised, ‘her remarks had ot been aeeurately carried Sythe Pres,Ey ©) Yeu si. (©) thas been the consistent passion of tie Govetameat of India thatthe Sino-ndian boundary hus soppert in tradi tion end custom, axwell usin the exerelie of adminiseative sjatidicion, and has, in most part, the sascilon of rec Snterantonal agree Unstared Question No Tobe ansrerston March, 1999 ‘Stoadian Relais, 210th Js buck the reltions between Tadia and China toprel962 lever? > he Miniter of External Af aie (Gur PV, Nara aa) * s lt his acess 0 the Patiament, the Pre {thd poliy of the Government inthe follow “india resins willing to dicuss all ites with Chine including the boundary question, In seth of « solution based on equality. We hops to proste aio. e egacde Blaetel exchanger Government intends to proceed slong the above lines avbich were enwaciated even in 1975, We the Governm exprowed s desire o improve relations, tee ‘Unstarred Question No, 103 ob Answered on the Soth Jarnary, 1980 ‘Border Clase wits Chine ‘Str Nara Cand Paribar ‘Wil the Prine Miojater be pleted to sat + (@) the mmbet and tore of border sates with Chine daring the last one year (1979). Be oe ee eee separately for exch one ofthe clash (©) the exmvomition paid 0 the vt) fein wistime in cach ene and» (@, thestepn taken to previ 182 recurrence ef uch lene in ftore? ANSWER The Prime Mniower (Sint nda Gana) CALLING ATTENTION TO MATTER OF URGENT PURLIC IMPORTANCE (Chinese Matiory Tle wih USA and Jopan SHR G. C. Bhattacharya called the attention ef the [Minister of Exicenal Airs to the Cbineve military evap: ‘with USA and Jepua posing © grove thteat 10 peace sad ‘oority of Ada in general and India in patialar.‘The Minister of External Aftite (Siri PV. Nayericiba + Mt was well knows. that Sine US ~ letione made signifeant advances sin recent months 4 January this year US Defence Seoretery Mt. Marald * Brown vised China matiog it oriole een Sietigcni conte othe bl oe Bie Nee ee exchanger” had taken place Soe ae ere fab hier neote Sera eee sounterpart alliance was eostemplated ‘yi the US Government piopory ib permit the sale of weapons to ‘Chins. "However, the two sides spoke of« common strates spoke ei “Japan will ot extend cooperation In We mary fl 10 any cotty. Chien “ovoiee 30 ae et alley 8 scclley tthe cardina portance tas lpee lace on its national pliy of complete dallention te poe & policy which te fom the aves und seioos eee our st ofthe Seed World Was Thee developments cnuld undoubtedly had an impact om the seurty eavironneat of hl 7 ‘such stdpn an might be necessary to safeguard Indie’e ‘ecu ‘Repiing 0 the fats raed by hn. Membery, the Mioitersala1ehad bern clearly sata inthe statement {hat there was taser of dal technology, Dual seshnclogy tas Heeboloey onssh, nent wan ghee, wasnt Sense Toe miliary pirponetaaby, bt aie We wat given {he recipient cour could arn 0 eltay pepo ‘Tere had teen &clearegetton os commen iruegle he USsAss¢e Chin. Seppert ett cuepris had boo ‘sided fo be given. ems ad not Bees ited breate 1 wes very long Hse But Kt vas Roown that equipment wat being tiren. Thee cevlopents le undoubtedly have ae i pact om ihe wewrlty environ of Aseia gesre ane Tediee panto, The Goveromett was aetherserng fom fa paychons ot wre ering on conplegace. ne? “Toe Presa of Indl baad fa Bs ade bt nga ‘eal be wiling fo deol nea. wth Chinn acluding earch of penetl schon based ‘doe. Normalisation would take place to the exteat the ‘other side was prepared to normalise. : opie whieh came tender dicasion was the question of normalising relations, NNormaliesion in thie care meant removal of sll the conaes ‘made ovr relation aboormel, China's capuciy bad een taken nto actount inour dofencepreparedncsexercies. ‘About the foreign hand, a statement had been made by the Home Miniter on the 10h Jone, 1980 and the Minlxer {id not want t 204 aaything tot,[Normatisation was a proces which’ would not ‘be com= plete til the causes respoasible for abnocnal telations = MBI removed. As such’ condition could not be had for having dialogue. Conditoas were there for having com. plete normalisation, It bad been made clear me and the Chinete Govecament ch the highest level taken the mater as closed. ‘The Miniter had wid vomree thing there and let much unshid hich wes equally -meaningfoh ‘The dialogue with 1H Chinese Govern sctully started, problems clear tothe Caines auboritie. (Synopsis of Roya Sabha Debsees (Lath Seaion June-9 Holy 9, 190) 1161980 gp. 2520) i LOK SABHA Unstared Question No, 2177 : {Tobe anowered onthe 41s December, 1969 Chinese Foreign Minster’ se faa Shel UY. Desat Will the Minister of Exeroal Alc be plessed to stato @) whether any propose) hus Neen received fom Chis 4 regard to Foreign Minister of Chinn's vst to Inia (©) ifs, whether any fee date hasbeen eoeimusiontdy (9) whener the Chines vot late fe not intersted Ie ‘improving the reacioss with Ladi ea eater the Ching ae sponag aman nde itvewud or tea tae ‘nd (Oi, wer canine reget” protest has teen lodged with” dnover—* Te nt of Earn Aes uae ngntans a (4G) NS een po stevia ve by Cnt ede es ates eee (@) Grimes hers ed es fey res © Goran ot lds opin tothe apy gun io Putian, & welbteowa We tbs Clie es fun of tn Cine “Gevcnaon ht ie tat i {eluuwetoakana ino asad aon ne an at thay ope tat bah Tele"sod Palit ad ne Cine ‘bat sui ingore