P r o j e c t

1 :
Experiential Landscape
Topic: 1. National Park
Group:
NG
Members : Kok Xuan Ying (Leader)
Michelle Wong Sook Yin
Lew Quo Ming
Melvyn Poh Ern Meng
Soh Yong Zhou
Liew Cherng Qing (Mike)
Tutor:
Ms. Shazreene Nurjanna Shamsuddin

Overview
Definition
Historical Background
Characteristics
Contextual study
Activities

of
of
of
of
around

National Park
National Park
National Park
National Park
National Park

What is a

National Park ?

- Natural area of land and/or sea.

- designated to:

- protect ecological integrity (unspoiled

landscape).
- provide educational and recreational
opportunities.
- Environment and culturally compatible.
- No size limitations of area.
- Able to accommodate overall population of the country.

Gunung Mulu National Park,

, Malaysia.

Mulu National Park Plan View

https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/Gunung+Mulu+National+Park/@
3.9629527,114.7885656,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0xcc556a8cef339f29

Mulu National Park

Map View
There are many caves in
Mulu National Park

http://www.wonderfulmalaysia.com/imgs/
map-mulu-national-park-sarawak-big.jpg

Characteristics
Area size of 528.6 km.
Gunung Mulu highest peak : 2376 metre.
Exhibited 3500 species of vascular plants.
109 types of palm species
Sarawak Chamber (world largest known cave).

600m by 415m and 80m high.

Historical Background
Officially known as national park in 1971.
Joint expeditions led by Royal Geographical Society and

Sarawak government.
27 major caves were first found in 1980.
Sarawak Chamber discovered in 1984.
Sabotage incidents by Berawan tribe who claim
surrounding jungle are sacred in 1990s.
66,000 hectare of rainforest (biosphere) were set aside by
Sarawak government for indigenous people (natives) to
practice traditional lifestyle.

Contextual

Study

- 3 mountains in park.
Mount. Mulu
Mount. Api
Mount. Benarat

(2376m)
(1740m)
(1585m)

- One of largest limestone caves in world below surface.

- Many caves in park.
eg. Sarawak Chamber
Clearwater Cave
Deer Cave
Lang Cave

(Largest cave chamber in world)

(Longest cave in South East Asia)
(Largest cave passage)

- Penan village at Long Iman .

Limestone
Pinnacles,
Mount. Api

Natural formed
Abraham Lincoln
Silhouette, Deer Cave

Penan people with unique traditions

Blow-pipe
H u n t i n g

Activities
- Cave adventure, explore.
- Bat watching
- Canopy walk
- Camping
- Long Iman River walk + greeting locals
Long Iman River

Can op y Walk

B a t Wa t c h i n g

Features and
m e n t s

Landscape

Cave formation (Dissolution of limestone)

S i n g l e
l e a f
Monophyllaea plant

L o o k s l i k e
crocodiles hanging
from the ceiling

Shadow of
Mother Mary

Cave Formation

Greme National Park, Cappadocia, Turkey.

a.k.a. Land of Beautiful Horses

Greme National Park Plan View

https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/G%C3%B6reme,+Turke
y/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x152a67dc41ce40e9:0x89cd78142479892
0?sa=X&ei=N2XtVO6fCIPbuQSx5oC4AQ&ved=0CIIBEPIBMA4

Greme National Park Map View

https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/G%C3%B6reme,+Turke
y/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x152a67dc41ce40e9:0x89cd78142479892
0?sa=X&ei=N2XtVO6fCIPbuQSx5oC4AQ&ved=0CIIBEPIBMA4

Characteristics
- Located in volcanic zone of Hasan Mountain and Erciyes

Mountain.
- 40km circumference.
- Consists of world-famous rock formation, fairy chimneys.

Historical Background
- Locals used to hide themselves away from battles.
- Monastic life (devote themselves to religion) in this area

around 3rd and 4th Century.

- Added to UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.

Contextual
Kaymakli
underground cities
First underground city
open to visit -1964
Most visited
underground city
Wide
Constructed around 100
tunnels going in and out

4 floors

Underground cities

Study
Derinkuyu
underground cities

Background

Second underground
city open to visit

Visitors

Second most visited

underground city

Area

Deep

Tunnels

Uses one same tunnel

Size

60m depth
(Largest excavated
underground city in
turkey)

Kaymakli Underground City

- 4 floors
- 1st and 2nd floor for food storage and
animal as living food source.
- 3rd floor to hide.
- deepest 4th floor are praying rooms to
pray for enemies to not find them.
Where they store their food

Very small tunnels throughout the

whole city to confuse the enemies

Stone door

Winery
Because wine doesnt expire
unlike water, perfect for hiding
from enemies. No reliable water
source.
In fact, they taste better as
time passes !

A c t i v i t i e s
Hot air balloon tour
begins everyday at sunrise
takes almost 1 hour and half for balloon tour

Preparing to
leave the ground

This is as close as you can get to take a look

on the Fairy Chimneys from the sky

Landscape

Features and
m e n t s

Eroded plateau of Goreme valley : Fairy Chimneys

- Erosion of volcanic sediments by wind and water.
- Pillars and columns of 40m.
- Major remnant of erosion (1325m) is dominant feature.
Nearby Erciyes volcano is active with minor eruptions.
Network of caves within rock formations served as residences
to people.

Summary & Comparison

Mulu
National Park
528.6 km
Declared in 1971
Caves and Penan
Tribe
Cave explore and
Canopy Walk

Limestone cave and

pinnacles

National
Park
Characteristics
Historical
Background
Contextual
Studies

Greme
National Park
400 km
Declared in1985

Underground Cities

Activities

Hot air balloon

Features and
Elements

Fairy Chimneys

Reference
- UENSCO World Heritage Centre (1992-2015) Greme

National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia

Retrieved February 19th 2015,
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/357
- goturkey.com (2012) Greme National Park and the Rock
Site of Cappadocia Retrieved February 19th 2015,
http://www.goturkey.com/en/pages/content/652/goremenational-park-and-the-rock-site-of-cappadocia
Mulu Park (2015) Mulu World Heritage Area Retrieved
February 19th 2015, http://mulupark.com/about-us/muluworld-heritage-area/
- Mulu Park (2015) Geodiversity Retrieved February 19th
2015, http://mulupark.com/education-and-research/worldheritage-information/

Q&A

Thank

You