ORACLE

BACKUP AND RECOVERY

Purpose of Backup and Recovery

Planning and testing responses
to different kinds of failures
Configuring the database
environment for backup and recovery
Setting up a backup schedule

Purpose of Backup and Recovery

Monitoring the backup and
recovery environment
Troubleshooting backup problems
Recovering from data loss
if the need arises

Purpose of Backup and Recovery

Data preservation, which
involves creatinga database
copy for long-term storage
Data transfer, which involves
moving data from one database
or one host to another

Data Protection

Data
Protection
Logical
backups

Physical
backups

A backup is a copy

Data Protection
Media Failures

User Errors
Application Errors

Data Preservation
Data preservation is
related to data
protection, but
serves a different
purpose.

DATA

Data Transfer
In some situations you may need to take a backup of a database
or database component and move it to another location.
From

To

Recovery Solutions
Recovery Manager (RMAN)
User-manage

Recovery Manager
Database Backups

Gii thiu RMAN

Recovery Manager (RMAN) l tin ch c th qun l tt c cc hot ng sao

lu v phc hi Oracle database.

Cu trc chnh
RMAN executable
Server processes
Channels
Target database
Revover catalog database (optional)
Media management layer (optional)
Backups, backup sets, and backup pieces

RMAN executable
L chng trnh qun l tt c ton t sao lu v phc hi.

Server processes
RMAN server processes l nhng x l nn, bt u trn server, s dng lin

lc gia RMAN v database.

Channels
Kiu thit b vo/ra ang c hay ghi l a cng hay bng t
S tin trnh ang ng thi truy cp vo mt thit b vo/ra
Kch c ln nht ca file c to trn thit b vo/ra
Tc ln nht v cc file c s d liu c c
S lng ln nht cc file c m ti mt thi im

Target database
L database m RMAN thc hin vic sao lu, phc hi v recovery.
S hu cc datafiles, control files v archived redo files cn sao lu, phc hi

hay recovered.

Backups, backup sets, and backup pieces

RMAN backup : bn sao lu ton b hay mt phn database, cha mt hoc

nhiu backup set

Backup set : mt nhm cc file sao lu cc mu sao lu (backup pieces)
khi lnh sao lu RMAN c a ra, cha mt hoc nhiu backup pieces.
Backup piece : file vt l nh phn to bi RMAN, c ghi nhn vo mi
trng sao lu c th l a cng hay bng t

Thit lp mode archivelog

Bc 1: Shutdown database
SQL>

connect /as sysdba

SQL> shutdown immediate
Bc 2: Start instance trong mode mount v exclusive
SQL> startup mount exclusive;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_1=
location=E:\qldt\dbbk\archive\ SCOPE=spfile;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_format=QLDT_arch_%s.arc
SCOPE=spfile;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_start=TRUE SCOPE=spfile;

Thit lp mode archivelog

Bc 3: Cho php mode archive log
SQL>

alter database archivelog

Bc 4: i database v mode open
SQL> alter database open

To gin RMAN v catalog

Bc 1: To tablespace RMAN v user RMAN trong database
ng nhp vo Oracle database vi c quyn user sys
SQL>

connect sys/sys_password@tns_connection as sysdba

SQL> create tablespace RMANTAB datafile
E:\Oracle\oradata\qldtdb\RMANTAB01.DBF size 200M;
SQL> create user RMAN identified by rman_password default tablespace
RMANTAB temporary tablespace TEMP quota unlimited on RMANTAB;
SQL> grant dba, connect, resource, sysdba to RMAN;
SQL> grant recovery_catalog_owner to RMAN;

To gin RMAN v catalog

Bc 2: ng k target database vi catalog database
RMAN>

connect catalog rman/rman_password@tns_catalog_connection

RMAN> connect target sys/sys_password@tns_target_connection
RMAN> create catalog
RMAN> register database

Thit lp cu hnh sao lu

Kt ni vo RMAN v chy nhng lnh sau thit lp cu hnh sao lu:
Bc 1: Cu hnh t ng sao lu control file:
RMAN>

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT

FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO E:\qldt\dbbk\datafile\CONTROL_%Y_
%M_%D_%F.DBF;
Bc 2: Cu hnh retention policy
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
Bc 3: Cu hnh kch c ln nht ca backup set.
RMAN> CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO 2500M;

Full Backup Database

Chy cu lnh sau to full backup set:
RMAN>

BACKUP DATABASE FORMATE:\qldt\dbbk\datafile\QLDT_

%Y%M%D_%U.DBF;
Sao lu ton b archivelog file hin hnh:
RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG ALL FORMAT
E:\qldt\dbbk\archive\ QLDT _%Y%M%D_%U.ARC DELETE INPUT;

Full Backup Database

Sao lu control file hin hnh:
RMAN>

BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

Kim tra backup set:
RMAN> list backupset;

Xa b backup li thi
Chy lnh sau lit k tt c cc backupset li thi:
RMAN>

REPORT OBSOLETE;
xa backupset li thi dung lnh sau:
RMAN> DELTE OBSOLETE;

Mt file control
Bc 1: Shutdown database
RMAN>

shutdown immediate
Bc 2: Start database trong mode nomount
RMAN> startup nomount
Bc 3: Khi phc control file t backup set trong trng hp khng mun thay i v tr
t control file
RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;
Trong trng hp mun thay i v tr t control file, dung lnh
RMAN> restore controlfile to /new_control_file_location
new_control_file_location: ng dn ch n th mc cha cc control file mi c
khi phc

Mt file control
Bc 4: Hiu chnh file initSID.ora tham s control_files ch n v tr mi ca

control file.
Bc 5: i database v mode mount
RMAN> sql alter database mount;
Bc 7: Khi phc li database
RMAN> recover database;
Bc 8: i database v mode open
RMAN> sql alter database open resetlogs;

Mt data file
Bc 1: Start database nhn bit data file b hng.
Bc 2: Shutdown database v start database li trong mode momount
RMAN>

shutdown immediate;
RMAN> startup nomount;
Bc 3: Phc hi data file b hng t backup set
RMAN> restore datafile corrupted_data_file_name_path;
corrupted_data_file_name_path: ng dn ch n file data file b hng.

Mt data file
Bc 4: i database v mode mount
RMAN>

sql alter database mount;

Bc 5: Khi phc tt c cc data file b hng v s dng tt c archivelog
file.
RMAN> recover database;
Bc 6: i database v mode open
RMAN> sql alter database open resetlogs;

Mt tt c data file
Bc 1: Start database nhn bit nhng data file b hng.
Bc 2: Shutdown database v start database li trong mode nomount.
RMAN>

shutdown immediate;
RMAN> startup nomount;
Bc 3: Phc hi tt c data file b hng t backup set.
RMAN> restore database;
Bc 4: i database v mode mount
RMAN> sql alter database mount;
Bc 5: Khi phc tt c cc data file b hng v s dng tt c archivelog file.
RMAN> recover database;
Bc 6: i database v mode open

User-Managed Database Backups

Ni dung :
Truy vn V$ ly thng tin sao lu
Sao lu tablespace v data file
Sao lu control file
Sao lu Archive Redo Log
Lu tr trn cc Raw Device

Truy vn ly thng tin sao lu

- S dng cc th tc V$datafile v v$controlfile hin th cc datafile v controlfile ang c. V d
SELECT NAME FROM V$DATAFILE;
- S dng th tc v$backup xem datafile c trn mt bn sao lu trc tuyn hin ti khng.
- V d sau truy vn tp tin d liu c trong 1 tablespace v ang trong ch sao lu (backup mode)

- Kt qu :

Nu ct Status hin th tnh trng l NOT ACTIVE tc l file ang khng trong backup mode, ta cn phi chy
cc cu lnh ALTER TABLESPACE BEGIN BACKUP hoc ALTER DATABASE BEGIN BACKUP
ACTIVE n.

Backup offline Datafile v Tablespace

Xc nh data file ca tablespace bng truy vn DBA_DATA_FILES. Cu truy

vn sau chn ra tablespace user :

Trong v d ny, /oracle/oradata/trgt/users01.dbf l ng dn ca file d liu

users tablespace.

Backup offline Datafile v Tablespace

t tablespace offline s dng quyn u tin normal nu c th, bi v n m

bo rng bn c th cho tablespace online sau m khng phi khi phc li

n :
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE users OFFLINE NORMAL;
Back up data d liu offline
% cp /oracle/oradata/trgt/users01.dbf /d2/users01_'date "+%m_%d_%y"'.dbf
Cho tablespace online :
ALTER TABLESPACE users ONLINE;

Backup online Datafile v Tablespace

Truy vn ra tt c cc tablespace

SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME

FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES
WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME = 'USERS';

nh du cho vic bt u ca online tablespace backup (nu backup nhiu d liu cng lc th khng tn tablespace)

SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE users BEGIN BACKUP;

Sao lu tp tin d liu online ca tablespace online bng cu lnh ca H iu Hnh. Linux and UNIX :
% cp /oracle/oradata/trgt/users01.dbf /d2/users01_'date "+%m_%d_%y"'.dbf
% cp /oracle/oradata/trgt/users02.dbf /d2/users02_'date "+%m_%d_%y"'.dbf
Sau khi backing up tp tin d liu ca tablespace, chy lnh SQL ALTER TABLESPACE vi END BACKUP :
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE users END BACKUP;
Lu tr li cc bn ghi cha c lu tr :
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;

Backing Up the Control File

Sao lu control file ca database thnh file nh phn(binary file): ta xc

nh ng dn cho file output nh phn. V d sau sao lu control file vo

/disk1/backup/cf.bak:
ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO '/disk1/backup/cf.bak';
Sao lu control file thnh mt dng file theo du (trace file):
1) Mount hoc open the database. Startup Mount
2) thc thi cu lnh sau:
ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE;

Back up archived redo logs

Cu trc quan trng nht cho cc hot ng phc hi l redo log, trong bao

gm hai hay nhiu tp tin cp sn lu tr tt c cc thay i trn c s d liu

khi chng xy ra. Mi th hin ca mt c s d liu Oracle c redo log lin
quan n bo v c s d liu trong trng hp tht bi.
Redo log files ghi li tt c cc thay i trong database buffer cache tr mt
vi ngoi l ghi d liu trc tip.

Back up archived redo logs

S dng truy vn V$ARCHIVED_LOG xc nh redo log mun backup.

V d :
SELECT THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,NAME
FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG;
Back up mt bn copy ca mi chui log s dng cc ng dng ca H iu
Hnh . V d sau backs up tt c cc log vo a:
% cp $ORACLE_HOME/oracle/trgt/arch/* /disk2/backup/arch

Backing Up to Raw Devices on Windows

Mt raw device l mt a hoc phn vng m khng c tp tin h thng.

Mt raw device c th cha ch mt tp tin duy nht.

Nh Linux v Unix, Windows h tr phn vng a liu, trong c s d
liu c th lu tr cc tp tin d liu, cc bn ghi trc tuyn, v cc tp tin
kim sot. Mi phn vng nguyn liu c giao mt k t a hoc s a
vt l v khng cha mt h thng tp tin. Nh trong Linux v UNIX, mi
phn vng nguyn liu trn Windows c nh x vo mt tp tin duy nht.
Trn Windows, tn ca raw data file c dng sau:
\\.\drive_letter hoc \\.\PHYSICALDRIVEdrive_number
V d : \\.\G:

Backing Up to Raw Devices on Windows

Cc th tc thc hin sao lu user-manage cc raw data file c bn ging nh cho vic sao chp cc tp tin trn mt h

thng tp tin Windows, ngoi tr vic bn nn s dng tin ch Oracle OCOPY hn l copy.exe Windows cung cp hay cc
tin ch ntbackup.exe
ocopy from_file [to_file [a | size_1 [size_n]]]
ocopy -b from_file to_drive
ocopy -r from_drive to_dir

V d :

Data file 12 c mount trn \\.\G: raw partition.

a C mount a h thng.
database ang m.
OCOPY "\\.G:" C:\backup\datafile12.bak

Oracle
Flashback

Cng ngh flashback

Cng ngh Oracle Flashback b sung cho vic sao lu vt l v phc hi .

iu ny thit lp cc tnh nng cung cp thm mt lp bo v d liu . C th,

bn c th s dng cc tnh nng khc nhau ca Oracle Flashback xem trng
thi qu kh ca d liu v tua li c s d liu ca bn m khng cn phi
khi phc li bn sao lu hoc thc hin phc hi point-in-time(s phc hi
y ca cc tp tin c s d liu) . Ni chung, tnh nng flashback hiu qu
hn v t gy ri hn phc hi phng tin truyn thng trong hu ht cc tnh
hung m h p dng .

Logical Flashback Features

Hu ht cc tnh nng Flashback ca Oracle hot ng mc logic, cho

php bn xem v thao tc cc i tng c s d liu . Cc tnh nng flashback

logic cp ca Oracle khng ph thuc vo RMAN(Recovery Manager) v c
sn. Ngoi tr Oracle Flashback Drop , cc tnh nng flashback logic da trn
d liu hon tc , trong c cc bn ghi v tc ng ca mi ln cp nht c
s d liu v cc gi tr ghi trong bn cp nht .

Tnh nng

Oracle Flashback Query

Oracle Flashback Version Query
Oracle Flashback Transaction Query (giao dch truy vn)
Oracle Flashback Transaction(giao dch)
Oracle Flashback Table
Oracle Flashback Drop

Oracle Flashback Query

Bn c th ch nh mt thi gian ch v chy truy vn i vi mt c s d

liu , xem kt qu nh n c th xut hin vo thi im ch. phc hi

t mt s thay i khng mong mun nh mt cp nht cho mt bng, bn c
th chn mt thi gian ch trc khi bo li v chy mt truy vn ly ni
dung ca cc hng b mt.

Oracle Flashback Version Query

Bn c th xem tt c cc phin bn ca tt c cc dng tng tn ti trong

mt hoc nhiu bng trong mt khong thi gian quy nh . ngoi ra, cng c
th ly siu d liu v cc phin bn khc nhau ca cc hng , bao gm thi
gian bt u v kt thc, cc thao tc, v ID m to ra cc phin bn . Bn c
th s dng tnh nng ny phc hi d liu b mt gi tr v kim ton thay
i cc bng truy vn.

Oracle Flashback Transaction Query

Bn c th xem cc thay i c thc hin bi mt giao dch duy nht , hoc

tt c cc giao dch trong mt khong thi gian c th.

Oracle Flashback Transaction

Bn c th o ngc mt giao dch. Oracle Database xc nh s ph thuc

gia cc giao dch v c hiu lc to ra mt giao dch b o ngc nhng

thay i khng mong mun. C s d liu s tua li, v bt k giao dch no c
th ph thuc vo n , cha bao gi xy ra.

Oracle Flashback Table

Bn c th phc hi mt bng hoc tp hp cc bng vi mt im quy nh

trong thi gian trong qu kh m khng cn dng bt k phn no ca c s

d liu offline(ngoi tuyn). Trong nhiu trng hp , Flashback Table gip
loi b s cn thit phi thc hin cc hot ng phc hi im trong thi gian
phc tp hn. Flashback Table khi phc bng trong khi t ng duy tr cc
thuc tnh lin quan nh indexes, triggers, and constraints v theo cch ny cho
php bn trnh c vic tm kim v khi phc li cc thuc tnh c s d
liu c th.

Oracle Flashback Drop

Bn c th o ngc tc dng ca mt cu lnh DROP TABLE.

Flashback data archive

A flashback data archive cho php bn s dng mt s tnh nng flashback
logic truy cp d liu t xa tr li trong qu kh. Mt flashback data archive
bao gm mt hoc nhiu bng hoc cc b phn ca bng. Khi bn to mt
flashback data archive(on hi tng lu tr d liu), bn ch nh tn , thi
gian lu gi , v bng. Bn cng c th ch nh mt on hi tng lu tr d
liu mc nh. C s d liu t ng thanh trng d liu lch s c mt ngy sau
khi ht hn thi gian lu gi .
Bn c th bt v tt flashback archive cho cc bng c nhn. Theo mc nh, lu
tr hi tng tt cho mi bng .

Flashback Database
mc vt l , c s d liu Oracle Flashback cung cp bo v d liu thay th

hiu qu hn database point-in-time recovery ( DBPITR ) . Nu cc tp tin d

liu hin ti c nhng thay i khng mong mun , sau bn c th s dng
RMAN lnh FLASHBACK DATABASE phc hi cc tp tin d liu ni
dung ca h ti mt thi im trong qu kh . Sn phm cui cng l ging
nh kt qu ca mt DBPITR , nhng ni chung l nhanh hn nhiu bi v n
khng yu cu khi phc li cc tp tin d liu t bn sao lu v yu cu lm
li t hn so vi media recovery .

Flashback Database
Flashback Database s dng flashback logs truy cp vo phin bn trc

y ca cc khi d liu v mt s thng tin t cc bn ghi lu tr. Flashback

Database yu cu bn cu hnh mt khu vc phc hi nhanh chng cho mt c
s d liu v cc flashback logs (bn ghi hi tng) ch c th c lu tr
. Flashback logging khng c kch hot theo mc nh. Khng gian s
dng cho cc flashback logs c qun l t ng bi cc c s d liu v cn
i vi khng gian cn thit cho cc tp tin khc trong khu vc phc hi nhanh
chng .

Flashback Database
Oracle Database cng h tr cc im khi phc cng vi Flashback Database

sao lu v phc hi. Mt im khi phc l mt b danh tng ng vi mt s

thay i h thng (system change number - SCN) . Bn c th to mt
im khi phc bt c lc no nu bn d on cn phi tr li mt phn hoc
ton b c s d liu ni dung ca n ti thi im . Aguaranteed restore
point m bo rng bn c th s dng Flashback Database tr v mt c s
d liu thi im cc im khi phc.