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ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ.
ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ choroplethﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ .ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ Pinﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ.
ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ
ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺑﻨﺴﻠﻔﺎﻧﻴﺎ .ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ ﳏﻂ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ.
ArcMap
ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ،Windowsﺍﻧﻘﺮ .ArcMAP ،ArcGIS ،AllPrograms ،Start .1
.3ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .OK
ﻼ .(C:\Gistutorial
.4ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺹ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳎﻠﺪ ) Gistutorialﻣﺜ ﹰ
ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ Tutorial2-1.mxdﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .Open
ﺳﻴﻔﺘﺢ ArcMapﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ .ﻭﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺎﹰ.
choropleth
ﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ choroplethﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻈﹼﻠﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺻﻔﺔ.
ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ choroplethﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﻭﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ )(population ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ
ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺀ ).(census tracts
ﻳﺘﻢ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕـﻟﺍ 48ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻠﻮﻥ ﳜﺘﺎﺭﻩ .ArcMapﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻟﻮﻥ
ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﻻﺣﻘﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ.
.5ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .OK
ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻟﻮﱐ ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﺔ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﱐ 2003ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ
ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﱏ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻏﺎﻣﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ .ﳜﺘﺎﺭ ArcMapﻟﻮﻧﺎﹰ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ
ﳌﻞﺀ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ .ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻻﺣﻘﺎﹰ.
ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ
ﰲ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ 58
ﺇﻥ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ.
ﺇﻥ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻠﻐﻲ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ.
.6ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .OK
ﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ U.S. Countiesﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺑﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ArcMapﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ.
ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ 60
Symbology
.1ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ .States
ﺇﻥ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ Statesﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺿﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻮ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ.
1.5 .2ﰲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ Optionsﻏ ﲑ Fill Colorﺇﱃ ،No Colorﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ Outline Widthﺇﱃ
ﻭﻏ ﲑ Outline Colorﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ).(Black
.3ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .OK
.4ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ ،Population By Countyﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ Statesﻭﺍﺳﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ .Counties
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺼﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺤﺒﺖ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ Statesﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ،Population By County
ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺳﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ .ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ -ﻓﻘﻂ ﻗﻢ
ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺳﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ.
61 :2ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ
.6ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .OK
ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ 2003 ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻟﻮﱐ ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﺔ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﱐ
ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﱏ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ.
.7ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻧﻘﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ
) (-ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ Population By Countyﻭ.Population By State
ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ 62
ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻧﻘﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ) (+ﺍﻵﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ
ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻌﻬﺎ.
\Gistutorial\UnitedStates\Nevada\NevadaTracts.shp
.6ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .Save
ﺇﻥ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻗﺪ ﰎ ﲣﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺪ ،Layersﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻱ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ
ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ.
.1ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ Population By Countyﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﹰﺍ.
.2ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .Remove
ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺮﲰﻬﺎ ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺱ ArcMap ﺇﺫﺍ ﰎ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ
ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ.
ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻵﱄ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﲟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺪﺩ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ،ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ArcMapﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ.
Population By County .1ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ Population By Census Tractﻭﻓﻌﹶﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ
ﻭﻃﺒﻘﺔ .Population By State
.2ﺭﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﺩ.
65 :2ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ
.3ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ Population By Countyﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺎﹰ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲏ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ Countiesﰲ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ.
.4ﺍﻧﻘﺮ Visible Scale Rangeﻭ.Set Minimum Scale
ﳛﺪﺩ ArcMapﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻐﲑ
ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ.
.5ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ.
ﺍﻵﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻟﻦ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ.
.1ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ Statesﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ .Population By County
.2ﺍﻧﻘﺮ Visible Scale Rangeﻭ.Clear Scale Range
ﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ.
67 :2ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ
.7ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .OK
ﺳﻮﻑ ﻟﻦ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ArcMapﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ Nevada Census Tractﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ .1:8,000,000
ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ 68
choropleth
ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﰎ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ choroplethﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ Population By Statesﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ
ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺟﺔ graduated colorsﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺻﻔﺔ .POP2003
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺕ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻗﺎﻡ ArcMapﺁﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ
) Natural Breaksﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ( ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺻﻨﻮﻑ ) (Classesﻗﻴﻢ
ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ.
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ Natural Breaksﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ArcMapﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﻕ
ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ.
.5ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .OK
.6ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ Labelﻟﻼﻓﺘﺔ Symbologyﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺇﱃ 0 - 2,000,000ﻭﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺇﱃ
18,000,001 and greaterﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ Commasﺇﱃ ﻻﻓﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ.
73 :2ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ
.7ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .OK
ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺘﻐﲑ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ Population by Stateﻟﺘﻌﻜﺲ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﻻﻓﺘﺎﺎ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺳﻬﻞ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ
ﻃﺒﻌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ .Natural Breaks
.8ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ Population By Stateﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺮ .Save As Layer File
ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺮ Name ﰲ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ Population By State .9ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻠﺪ ،\Gistutorial\Layersﺍﻛﺘﺐ
ﺍﻟﺰﺭ .Save
، ،
Utah Census Nevada Census Tracts Counties ﺍﻵﻥ ﻏﹼﲑ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ Break Valuesﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ
Tractsﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ .POP2003
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎﹰ ﻭﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﻼﻓﺘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﺭ .Legend
ﺮـﻘﻧﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺮ Zoom to Layerﻟﺘﺮﻯ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺧﺎﺻﺘﻚ
ﰲ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ .Choropleth
ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻮﻑ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﹰﺎ .ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ
ﻑﻮﻨﺼـﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮـﻟﻷﺍﻭ ﺔـﻘﻣﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ )ﺇﻥ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ
ﺃﺳﻬﻞ(.
.1ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ Population By Stateﻭﺍﻧﻘﺮ .Properties
ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ 74
ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ Pinﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﲞﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ،ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ
ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﻘﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺳﺠﻞ .ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻨﺸﺊ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ Pinﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﳎﺎﻝ
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﱐ ﰲ U.S. Citiesﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺟﺔ .Graduated Symbols
Pin
.1ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺘﻚ ﻭﺍﻧﺸﺊ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ
.Population By City
.2ﺃﺿﻒ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ\Gistutorial\UnitedStates\States.shpﻭ.\Gistutorial\UnitedStates\Cities.shp
.3ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻧﻘﺮﹰﺍ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺟﹰﺎ Double-Clickﻋﻠﻰ Statesﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ Population By Cityﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ
Layer Propertiesﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺎ.
ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺮ 1.5 ﰒ ﻏ ﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﻣﻄﻤﺴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ Symbology .4ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﻼﻓﺘﺔ
OKﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ OKﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ.
ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ Population By City ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ Cities .5ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻧﻘﺮﺍﹰ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺟﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ
LayerPropertiesﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺎ.
.6ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﻼﻓﺘﺔ Symbologyﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ Single Symbolﺇﱃ .raduated Symbols ,Quantities
.7ﰲ ﻗﺴﻢ Fieldsﻏ ﲑ Valueﺇﱃ ،POP2000ﻭﺭﻣﺰ Templateﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﲪﺮﺍﺀ ،ﻭ
Symbol Size
ﻣﻦ 2ﺇﱃ ،18ﻭﺍﺳﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ break pointsﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻼﻓﺘﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ.
.8ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .OK
ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ 76
Pin
ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ Pinﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ.
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ،ﻟﻨﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺇﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺴﻠﻔﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ
ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻜﺎﺎ ﺑﲔ .10,000 - 49,000
ﻻ ﺳ ﺘﺒ ﻌ ﺎ ﺩ ﻛ ﻞ )(definition query ﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ،ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺸﺊ ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ
ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻜﺎﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺎﻝ.
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﺩﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﺯﺭﻗﺎﺀ ﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻥ ﺑﻨﺴﻠﻔﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ .49,999 - 10,000
ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ PACitiesﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺘﲔ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺴﻠﻔﺎﻧﻴﺎ
)ﻓﻴﻼﺩﻟﻔﻴﺎ ،ﺑﻴﺘﺴﱪﻍ( ﺑﺮﻣﺰ ﳑﻴﺰ ﳍﻤﺎ.
)ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ("NAME"= 'Pittsburgh' OR "NAME" = 'Philadelphia' :
ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ Hyperlinkﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺐ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕ.
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ.macros ،URLs ،documents :
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺗﺸﻌﱯ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﻳﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺳﺘﺮﻯ
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﳛﻮﻱ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ .ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ .ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺣﱴ
ﺗﻨﺠﺢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ.
)(MapTips
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﲢﺮﻙ MapTip ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻴﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ ،ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻛﺘﻠﻤﻴﺢ
ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ.
.1ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲏ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ Population 10,000 to 49,999ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ.
.2ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ Propertiesﻭﺍﻧﻘﺮ .Fields
.3ﺍﺧﺘﺮ Nameﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ .Primary Display Field
.4ﺍﻧﻘﺮ Displayﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ .Show MapTips
. 5ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .OK
.6ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ،ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ .Select Elements
.7ﺣﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ Population 10,000 to 49,999ﻟﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ.
ﻛﺎﺳﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ Tutorial2-2.mxd ﻭﺍﻛﺘﺐ \Gistutorial .8ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ٍ ،Save AS, Fileﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻠﺪ
ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﺮ .Save
87 :2ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ
Pittsburgh 1-2
ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ Pittsburghﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺠﻤﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ
ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ .ﰎ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ .GISﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ
ﻋ ﺮﻑ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺳﺠﻼﺎ.
ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ GISﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ.
ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﻘﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻮﻡ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ.
ﺍﺑﺪﺃ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ:
ﻃﺒﻘﺔ \Gistutorial\PAGIS\Neighborhoods.shpﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﺀ .Pittsburgh
ﻃﺒﻘﺔ \Gistutorial\PAGIS\Schools.shpﲢﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ.
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ Schoolsﻭﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ:
DISTRICTﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ )ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ،ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ،ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﰲ (Pittsburgh
Enroll95ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﻠﲔ
STATUSﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ.
ﻣﻊ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺸﺊ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ
ﺃﻧﺸﺊ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ \Gistutorial\Answers\Assignment2\Assignment2-1.mxdﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ
ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ.ﺿ ﻤﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﺀ Pittsburghﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﻛﺰ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ .ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺗﺸﻌﱯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ http://schenleyhs.pghboe.netﺇﱃ
ﺳﺠﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ Schenley High Schoolﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ،ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ.
diocese Private
ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ 88
k-12 2-2
ﺇﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﺭ School-age childrenﰲ Pittsburghﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ
ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ ﺑﺄﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺃﻱ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ
ﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ .ﺭﲟﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﻔﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩ ﻃﻼﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ.
ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻨﺸﺊ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ Choroplethﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﱐ ﻟﻚ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ
ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ Pennsylvaniaﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ Pittsburghﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ
ﻔﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ .ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ
.k-12 school-ageﺇﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻠﻐﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺗ ﻌ
ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻟﺘﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭﺷﻜﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻗﻘﺎﻝ.
ﺍﺑﺪﺃ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ:
ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻴﻒ ﻛﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ
ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ.
ﻭﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ \Gistutorial\UnitedStates\Pennsylvania\PATracts.shp ﻃﺒﻘﺔ
Pennsylvaniaﻋﺎﻡ .2000
ﻃﺒﻘﺔ \Gistutorial\UnitedStates\Pennsylvania\PACounties.shpﻭﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ .Pennsylvania
Pittshurgh ﻃﺒﻘﺔ \Gistutorial\PAGIS\BlockGroups.shpﻭﲢﻮﻱ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ
ﻋﺎﻡ .2000ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ .Pittsburgh
ﻃﺒﻘﺔ \Gistutorial\PAGIS\Neighgﻭﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﺀ .Pittsburgh
ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻮﺿﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ .Neighborhoodsﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ
ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ.
ﻃﺒﻘﺔ \Gistutorial\PAGIS\Schools.shpﻭﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ .Pittsburgh
ﻣﻊ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﻧﺸﺊ ﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ
ﺃﻧﺸﺊ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ \Gistutorial\Answers\Assignment2\Assignment2-2.mxdﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ
ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ Pennsylvaniaﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ) k-12 school-ageﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ (17-5ﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ
ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﺘﻔﻌﻴﻼﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ .Pittsburgh
ﺃﻧﺸﺊ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻼﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼﺕ .Pittsburgh
89 :2ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔ
ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼﺕ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ Pittsburghﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﰲ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ .ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼﺕ Pennsylvaniaﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼﺕ .Pittsburgh
ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺇﱃ Pittsburghﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ k-12ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻞ
ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭ .neighborhoodﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼﺕ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ
.Census tractsﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﺄﻟﻮﻓﺔ ﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ .ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ،
ﺿ ﻤﻦ ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ Pittsburghﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ
ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ )ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ 0ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ 200ﻃﺎﻟﺐ(.
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ
Gistutorial\Answers\Assignment2\Assignment2.doc ﺃﻧﺸﺊ ﻣﻠﻒ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ
ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻟﻸﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
.1ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ )ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ 0ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ 200ﻃﺎﻟﺐ(.
.2ﲰﻲ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻐﻠﻖ .ﻭﺿﺢ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻙ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ.