دليلك إلي البرنامج الإحصائي spss الجزء 3

.
%58 = = 100 *
N
/ = #

" 0 1 1
2 .9
5
% 1 # %80.2 1
0
% 1 %22.2 0

.
3 # 0

< 6 %
1 5 1 # 2
J % "
Total Variance Explained
In itia l E ig e n v a lu e s E x tr a c tio n S u m s o f S q u a r e d L o a d in g s
C o m p o n e n t T o ta l % o f V a r ia n c e C u m u la tiv e % T o ta l % o f V a r ia n c e C u m u la tiv e %
1 2.900 58 .009 58 .009 2.900 58 .009 58 .009
2 1.110 22.207 8 0.216 1.110 22.207 8 0.216
3 .523 10.457 90.6 7 3
4 .393 7 .8 6 4 98 .537
5 7 .313E - 02 1.46 3 100.000
E x tr a c tio n M e th o d : P r in c ip a l C o m p o n e n t A n a ly s is .
L o ad ing s % ) 1 $ @ C o m po ne nts M atr ix %

0 ! # B

1 . 1 . 1 - # ) 3 9 1 3
? 1 $ , ! =
#

H I G H E D U C ) " )
#
# ) 1 . 1 % M
2 .
(# )
)
3 L I TE RA C Y " ) D " 0.941
#

1 ? 1 $ 7
9 3
G D P + #
# ) 1 . 1 % H ) @
D O C TO RS / 1 .
G D P
,
1 . 1 % M
2 . H O SPBE D % 0$
. % 1 1 0 ) @ 2 = ) 1
. 1
, > ) F 1
H O SPBE D S
Component Matrix a
C o m p o n e n t
1 2
G D P .477 .75 4
L IT IR A C Y .9 18 1.8 9 9 E - 0 2
H IG H E D U C .9 41 .10 2
D O C T O R S .8 29 - .13 1
H O S P B E D .5 0 8 - .717
a . 2c o m p o n e n ts e x tra c te d .
:

$ ! " #
) 1 % ) 1 $ % ) 1 N
$ .1
. % 2 1
0.477 2 + 0.754 2 = 0.797 +
G D P
# ! <=
" +
(# ) )
1 % % ) 1 $ % ) 1 N
.2
: " #
(# ) )
" C " 3
0.477 2 + 0.918 2 + 0.9412 + 0.829 2 + 0.508 2 = 2.9
. ; % " 3 ; 1 5 . 1 H = # ! 2 D 6 -
17 5
;
C o m po ne nt Sco r e s C o e f f icie nts (#
) ) %
% = ) # B
#

" G D P # ) <= C o m po ne nts M ar tix 1 %

0 ! % = ) F
: " ;
0.477
= 0.165
2 2 2 2
0.477 + 0.918 + 0.941 + 0.829 + 0.508 2
Component Score Coefficient Matrix
C o m p o n e n t
1 2
G D P .165 .67 9
L IT IR A C Y .3 16 .0 17
H IG H E D U C .3 24 .0 9 2
D O C T O R S .28 6 - .118
H O S P B E D .17 5 - .64 5
C o m p o n e n t S c o re s .
: <= #

" . ;
1 ; (#
) ) %
2
f ac_ 1 =
0.165*G D P+ 0.316*L I TI RA C Y+ 0.324*H I G H E D U C + 0.286*D O C TO RS+ 0.175*H O S
PBE D
+ ) . ; Stand ar d ize d v ar iab l e s ) % # ) D < " 3
% C #
) H @
(... J L ite r acy J G D P % )
: "
D ata E d ito r $ $ 9

Re g io n g d p l ite r acy h ig h e d u c d o cto r s h o spb e d f ac_ 1 f ac_ 2
Dohok 1 7 .2 3 0 .1 1 .0 9 1 7 1 3 9 -. 8 4 8 7 3 .0 0 8 6 2
N in e v e h 24 . 0 4 4 .2 1 .8 5 1 4 1 7 2 . 0 5 26 5 -. 0 1 0 9 1
A rb il 22. 2 3 5 .2 1 .1 8 1 3 1 6 3 -. 6 5 4 5 8 -. 0 4 0 9 5
S u la y m a n 1 6 .2 3 3 .5 1 .0 1 1 0 1 1 5 -1 . 1 0 9 3 9 .3 7 6 5 7
T a 'm e e m 3 2. 3 4 9 .4 1 .8 5 1 8 1 4 3 .3 7 0 9 7 .5 4 5 0 1
S a l a h A L -De e n 9 8 . 4 3 7 .9 1 .3 2 1 5 8 0 -. 1 1 3 6 2 3 . 3 25 0 0
Di a l a 23 . 1 4 4 .1 1 .9 3 1 0 1 5 3 -. 1 4 0 1 4 . 26 3 9 1
A n b a r 22. 7 4 4 .3 1 .5 8 1 6 1 4 4 -. 0 8 3 0 3 . 223 1 4
B a g hd a d 7 5 .0 6 1 .6 4 .0 4 3 6 28 0 3 . 227 4 8 . 21 8 5 0
W a s it 1 9 .5 3 6 .7 1 .1 1 28 1 9 9 . 0 4 7 21 -. 8 0 4 5 7
B a b y l on 22. 8 4 4 .1 1 .8 2 1 8 1 4 5 . 0 9 229 . 21 0 6 6
K e rb a la 21 . 5 4 7 .7 1 .5 3 24 1 7 3 .4 1 8 3 9 -. 29 1 3 3
N a ja f 1 8 .7 4 6 .2 1 .5 9 27 1 9 0 .5 3 7 0 8 -. 6 27 7 1
Q a d is ia 21 . 0 3 5 .2 .9 5 9 1 9 5 -. 8 1 0 1 3 -. 4 29 0 6
M u t ha n a 21 . 3 3 3 .5 .8 4 1 8 1 7 8 -. 6 28 6 9 -. 3 7 4 23
T hi -Q a r 1 8 .1 3 3 .8 .7 3 1 2 1 4 4 -1 . 0 3 0 5 2 . 0 20 27
M a y sa n 20 . 4 3 4 .4 .9 0 1 1 3 0 1 -. 4 4 1 3 9 -1 . 7 6 8 8 6
B a sra h 1 9 .0 5 3 .6 2. 24 25 21 9 1 .1 1 4 1 5 -. 8 4 4 0 6
,
0 + , > ( 6 )
% %
< " 3
%
9 &
J - B . ) " $ ) <= ! % - )
17 6
0 ! "
.
1 ) % (#
) ) %
. 9 $ % - (#
) )
? # ) 2 1 ) D " ) ) 1 . ? 4
? 1 #
) F %
"
+ ) H
. 9 $ < 2 (-2, 2) M B
% - 3 # ! "
" Scatte r Pl o t $ - . .
: %
. ? 1 . . . 9 $
Scatte r

! , 6 G r aph s Scatte r (Sim pl e )
. $
. Pl o t
. Y A x is : f ac_ 2 H 3
. X A x is : f ac_ 1 H3
. L abe l C as e s by : R e g io n
. OK 4
C h ar t $ $
2 . $ C h ar t R e f e r e n ce L in e F
, 6 3)
: . . , 6 ( 0 ! 3 Y A x is X A x is # Ed it o r
4
Salah AL-Deen
2
1
REGR factor score 2 for analysis
1
Ta'meem
Sulayman Diala
Anbar
Babylon Baghdad
Thi-Qar
Dohok
Arbil Nineveh
0 Muthana
Qadisia Kerbala
Najaf
Wasit Basrah
-1
Maysan
-2
-3
-4
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
REGR factor score 1 for analysis 1
$ - # $ . E ) 1 . ? 4
; (#
) ) %
" - ? 4

@ ?
. 6 = 9 $ ! . (0, 0) . #
+ # $ 1 N 4

(3 ; ) #
# ) " 9 $ 2 , 1 6 C
. 3 (-2, 2) M
% (
(< @ 3 ; ) # ) " 9 $ 2 , Q = ! 6
.
? 6 % 1 1

( ) 6 " 9 $ 3
'
% = K E 1 6 1 1 J # ) 9 1 % ) 1 $ % % " % 6
6 % 2 % 2
d o ct o r s
h ig h e d u
l it e r acy #
# ) 1 3 1 ? 1 $

#
K 1 . % 6
) % F .
1 C " 3 1
.(3. 227 )#
# ) " 1 6 9 1 2 C " 3 #
! ; 1
17 7
Case Summaries
Statistics: Mean
L IT IR A C Y H IG H E D U C D O C T O R S
B ag h d ad 6 1 .6 0 4 .0 4 3 6 .0 0
T o tal 4 1 .4 2 1 .5 3 1 7 .8 3
+ ) G D P ) C ? Q = ! 6 (3. 325) 9 $ ; 1
( 0 G C " 3
% 6 .
? 1 (
1 3 1 ? 1 $

1 3 1 ? 1 $ - . .
1 1 6 HOSB ED
: #
, @
. ( C o mpo n e n t s M at r ix %

0 ! 6 ) 1 9 $ 1
Case Summaries
Mean
G D P H O S P B E D
S al ah A L - D een 9 8 .4 0 8 0 .0 0
T o t al 2 8 .5 2 1 7 4 .0 6
: % 6 =
P 1 " Eig e n V e ct o r ( 4
) D C " 3 #
! .1

0 !
#
V = X 12 + X 22 + ... + X n2 ) ; NOR M D #
.
#
! " No r m
#
. C " 3 (? 1 $ )
2 2 # 1 K
C o mpo n e n t s M at r ix
Un iq u e
D

D
.
+ No r mal iz e d V e ct o r + ) D C " 3
: " #
# ) 1 G D P ? 1 $ #
D " C
; <= V e ct o r
0.477
= 0.280
2 2
0.447 + 0.918 + 0.941 + 0.829 + 0.508 2 2 2

(2.9) #
"
#
, # #

. % . 1 -
0 ! (1.11)
Eig e n V e ct o r 1 Eig e n V e ct o r 2
G D P 0.280278 0.715757
L I TER A C Y 0.538845 0.018025
HI G HED UC 0.552474 0.09 6 4 7 4
D OC TOR S 0.486656 -0.12474

HOSPB ED 0.29 83 7 8 -0.68007
; @ # ! + Or t h o g o n al , 1 9 )
%
.2
# ! N
+ fac _ 1, fac _ 2 = ∑ fac _ 1 * fac _ 2 = 0 0 ! +
, D o t Pr o d u ct
178
%
% = ) , # ; @ # ! E K .
" " 1 ; @
. 0 ! +
,
C o mpo n e n t s Sco r e C o e f f icie n t s
Factor Analysis Methods
( 3 – 11 )
/ 1 . 1 )
" ) # " . 9
%
.
. ; - @ < 1
" ) , E 1
. 1 1 4
M . E 1 " ) # "
F act o r A n al y s is " ) # " B
, 3 1 ) 3 9
! 1 " ) # " .
#
) 3
X1, X2….Xp 1 - % # 3 1 ) + M o d e l
. K 1 R
# 3
C o mmo n F act o r s ( 1 - % ) $
: " " ) # " B

1 - % ) 1 . ? 4
( 1
X 1 = a11Y1 + ............. + a1mYm + e1
.........................................................
X p = a p1Y1 + ........... + a pmYm + e p
7
. ( p 1 - %
3 # 2 m
#
) 3) j K $ # ) : Y j
. i 1 - ; j # ) > ) )
L o ad in g s % ) 1 $ : aij
. ( Spe cif ic F act o r ) Xi 1 R
# ) : e i
(M ax imu m L ike l ih o o d M e t h o d 6 3 & . C " 3) : 2#
, . 1 ) 6 3 & . 1 " ) # " / #
1 # % 1
. %
.
. F 1 H= - D
" ) # "
. N
3 #
#
, $ , 0 %
. 1 1
% , 6 7 F act o r A n al y s is : Ex t r act io n

! M ax imu m L ikl e h o o d
:
F a c to r A n a ly s is
Communalities
In itia l E x tr a c tio n
G D P .350 .9 9 9
L IT IR A C Y .8 52 .9 03
H IG H E D U C .8 7 0 .9 35
D O C T O R S .503 .4 8 7
H O S P B E D .2 8 6 .2 2 7
E x tr a c tio n M e th o d : M a x im u m L ik e lih o o d .
<
%
. 1 1 in it ial C o mmu n al it ie s
% ) 1 $
+ R 2
) . 1 - # ) ? 1
+
? 1 $ E " ) # " . 2 1
I n d e pe n d e n t ) % 1 C " 3 ( D e pe n d e n t V ar iabl e ) D " 3 # !
0
#
! " " ) 1 G D P 1 - 0.9 9 9 . (V ar iabl e s
. G D P " " % = - 0. 9 9 9
179
Total Variance Explained
In itia l E ig e n v a lu e s E x tr a c tio n S u m s o f S q u a r e d L o a d in g s
F a c to r T o ta l % o f V a r ia n c e C u m u la tiv e % T o ta l % o f V a r ia n c e C u m u la tiv e %
1 2.900 58 .009 58 .009 1.413 28 .254 28 .254
2 1.110 22.207 8 0.216 2.138 42.7 56 7 1.009
3 .523 10.457 90.6 7 3
4 .393 7 .8 6 4 98 .537
5 7 .313E - 02 1.46 3 100.000
, " 3 " ! , 0
I n it ial Eig e n v al u e s

1 F = 3 #

R " % ) 1 $ % ) 1 N
6 = %
.
%
.
1 1 M
K
I n it ial e ig e n v al u e s D 0
Ex t r act io n Su ms Sq u ar e d L o ad in g s
0 1 1
! "

1 H=
6 3 & . 0
#
R " # ) % ) 1 $ % ) 1 N
; <= F = 3 #
L @

: " F #
)
0 !
0.999 2 + 0.333 2 + 0.469 2 + 0.275 2 − 8.71E − 02 2 = 1.413
1.413 / 5*100 = 28.254% #
# ) F 0 1
Factor Matrixa
F a c to r
1 2
G D P .999 - 9.4 9E - 0 3
L IT IR A C Y .3 3 3 .8 90
H IG H E D U C .4 6 9 .8 4 6
D O C T O R S .27 5 .6 4 1
H O S P B E D - 8 .7 1E - 0 2 .4 6 8
a . 2 f a c t o r s e x t r a c t e d . 14 i t e r a t i o n s r e q u i r e d .
1 # %

0 ! R
> 0 ,
! " #
)
0 ! F = 3
0 !
Goodness-of-fit Test
C h i- S q u a r e d f S ig .
1.337 1 .2 4 7
% 1 # # ! " #
) 1 " ) @ 0 1 # F = 3 #

2
. % 1 # # ! " #
) 0 ) 1 " " 1 @ 0 @ (% . 1
)
) @ #
1 2 C
3 P-v al u e =0.247 2 7 χ 2 ! ( , %
180
% % 1 # # ! " " ) 0 1 " + % 5
% 1 - M
1
. %
.

G 1 - . 1 -
:6 =
% . %
" 1 1 #

F act o r Sco r e s #
) %
%
. 9
. 1 ; F act o r s co r e s C o e f f icie n t s % = )
) 1 -
. 3 K , 6 3 & . 1 1
(# 3
)
K , ,

3 . F , 6 ) " . F

# ) " # 1 = C " 3 # ! ,
#
) % = )
: ( F act o r A n al y s is

! Sco r e s 4
#
) 1 ) . 1 - # ) ? 1 +
1
0 ! .
, #
) : R e g r e s s io n
. # )
9
. # 2 ! #
) % ) 1 N

0 ! +
.
, #
) : B ar t l e t t
0 ! +
.
, #
) 7 1 B ar t l e t t .
: A n d e r s o n -R u bin s
. ( . 1 G ) " #
)

+
+ ) H
181

Non Parametric Tests
" ) ? ) C " 3 , 1 - ! A ) - % 1 " ) = % 1 -
@ H ) , ,
% 1 " ? 4
( 0 - , V ar ian ce 1
M e an .

C
) " ) = % 1 - # ) ; 1 . D is t r ibu t io n – F r e e t e s t s ? 4
% 1 1
? 4
< 1 2 ? % 1 N 4
;
<= " ) % 1 - 1 ! % @ 0
3
E " . $
3 3
# ) - ) $ " ) % 1 -

T 1 1 . 3 ) 1 .
.
$ 1 # , ,

; .
$ , 9 F < " 3 " ) = % 1 - C
,
, 1 ! .
$
" ) % 1 - # ) ; D " ) % 1 -
"
" ) = 1 - . < < 1 < 3 SPSS 5 1 . . " ) = % 1 - 2
. % 1 - F ( ) 1 0 0 L @

C h i -Square ( 1 12 )
Obs e r v e d f r e q u e n cie s % 0 " $ 1 " C h i-Sq u ar e 1 # )
% E . ) @ > C " 3 ; Ex pe ct e d F r e q u e n cie s , ? 2

: " C . ) 1 - " ) C h i-Sq u ar e ! E K 3
2 = k (Oi − Ei ) 2
χ ∑
i =1 Ei
+
1 -
? 2
# Ei
$ # Oi 7
. k-1
:1 #
: % 0 ! C " 3 #
! ) $ 0 ! , 1
Oi t y pe

439
1
16 8
2
133
3
6 0
4
8 0 0
. 3 75 1979

: % 5 - M
1 ) @ 1 ;
" .
9 3 3 1
H 0 : P1 = , P2 = , P3 = , P 4 =
16 16 16 16
182
0 ! 1 # P1 <= ) ; F 3 H" 5 C " 3 R H1 " 1 @ 0
.
( 0
1
C

: %
. ;
C h i-Sq u ar e 1 1 . 9
@ 0 1 -
: " D at a Ed it o r 2
% 1 ;
t y pe Obs e r v e d
1 439
2 168
3 133
4 60
4 % ? # ) A ) Ty pe + ) 1 % 0 ! 3 @ ) 6 -
C V al u e L abe l
3 @ A & 1 D " ) ? % 0 ! / A 3 +
Obs e r v e d . " " 2 <- 1 % #

3 ( ) Ty pe
. 3 K
% - " 4
E 2 # )
# $ #

! W e ig h t C as e s by $ ' ) 1
. $ D at a W e ig h t C as e s
. (W e ig h t C as e s by ) C Obs e r v e d # A W e ig h t C as e s

, 6 A n al y z e No n par ame t r ic Te s t s C h i-Sq u ar e
. $
: " D 1 + C h i-Sq u ar e Te s t

!
. t e s t V ar iabl e L is t C Ty pe " 6 -
:
Ex pe ct e d V al u e s
. 1 > 0 ,
? 2
> 0 , % 0 ? : A l l cat e g o r ie s e q u al .1
C ( ; H" 1
) ? 2
H" 3 $ E : V al u e s .2
: "
) @ 9 ; % " # #
M
; V al u e "
# . P1 = = 0.5625 C
#
9
16
. ( 2 1 / $ > 0 ) v al u e " # 0 H @ A d d 4 ) 1 0. 5625
: 5 C "3 # ! OK 4 3
183
TYPE
O b s e rv e d N E x p e c te d N R e s id u a l
1 439 n p 1 45 0 - 11. 0
2 16 8 n p 2 15 0 18 . 0
3 133 n p 3 15 0 - 17 . 0
4 6 0 n p 4 5 0 10 . 0
T o ta l 8 0 0
" #
N
" ) 2
; <= ) 2

9 $ # F = 3 #

D 0
) 2
" ) E D " 3
1 +
; N
6 - n P1=800*0.5625=450
. 9 $ "
Test Statistics
T Y P E
C h i- S q u a r e a 6.356
d f 3
A s y m p .S ig . .0 9 6
a . 0 c e l l s ( .0 % ) h a v e e x p e c t e d f r e q u e n c i e s l e s s t h a n
5. T h e m i n i m u m e x p e c t e d c e l l f r e q u e n c y i s 50 .0 .
P-v al u e 2
6. 356 +
C h i-Sq u ar e ! A 2 E F = 3 #

) @ 9
; #
1 2 + % 5 - M
1 ) @ #
1 2 C
3 0.096
! < 1 1 3 1
? 4
# ) Tr an s f o r m C o mpu t e P-V al u e B K .
: + ? 1
1-C D F .C HI SQ (6.356, 3) =.096
: 2 #
5 %
He ad
! 3 % 1 9 #
9 1 0 0 0
? . 2 %
: ( D at a Ed it o r 2
, A ) 1 )
h e ad n o o bs e r v e d
0 38
1 144
2 342
3 287
4 164
5 25
? 4
? 1 9
!
, 6 % 3 E 1 " @ 0 1 C h i-Sq u ar e 1 1
. % 5 - M
1
B in o mial
# 1 . G o o d n e s s o f F it 1 . 1 1 H) C h i-Sq u ar e 1
: %
. ? 1 1 # ) 1 . > 0 1 Obs e r v e d 1 % - ( 4
)
A n al y z e No n par ame t r ic Te s t s C h i-Sq u ar e
. $
: " D 1 + ( 1 # " D 0 ) C h i-Sq u ar e Te s t

! , 6
184
. Te s t V ar iabl e L is t C h e ad n o # •
%
C 0 ! 9
!
, 6 # ; bin o mial ? 4
# ) •
: " 5
No . o f h e ad s Pr o babil it y
0 0.03125
1 0.15623
2 0.3125
3 0.3125
4 0.15623
5 0.03125
9
F = 3 (% - - ) ; # Ex pe ct e d v al u e s v al u e s •
. M ) 1
: 5 C "3 # ! OK 4 3 5
HEADNO
E x p e c te d N
O b s e rv e d N = 1000* P r R e s id u a l
0 38 31. 2 6 .8
1 144 156 . 2 - 12. 2
2 342 312. 6 29 . 4
3 287 312. 6 - 25. 6
4 16 4 156 . 2 7 .8
5 25 31. 2 -6 .2
T o ta l 1000 1000. 0
: " (0 ! +

! 3) <= C
0 " ? 2
B
Ex pe ct e d F r e q u e n cy .= 1000*0.03125=31.25
Test Statistics
H E A D N O
C h i- S q u a r e a 8.920
d f 5
A s y m p .S ig . .1 1 2
a . 0 c e l l s ( .0% ) h a v e e x p e c t e d f r e q u e n c i e s l e s s t h a n
5. T h e m i n i m u m e x p e c t e d c e l l f r e q u e n c y i s 3 1 .2.

! 3 + % 5 - M
1 ) @ #
1 2 C
3 P-v al u e =.112 2
. B in o mial ? 4
? 1 $
0 # , 1 # 0 % 0 <- 1 % 0 M :6 =
0 F
(5S1=
! 3) 1 > % 0 1 0
(0 =
! 3)C

C h i-s q u ar e

! Ex pe ct e d V al u e s (5S1) . % 0 F , % - -
4 1
# - H 1 -
1 # (6S0)
! ) " 1 % - - " 2 Te s t
185
4 Ex pe ct e d V al u e s 0. 03125 +

# - $ E 1 0=
! ) # 1
. R e mo v e
Ex pe ct e d % 0 M 1
(5S1) % 1 % 0 1
Uppe r 2
1 +

L o w e r 2 # A Us e Spe cif ie d R an g e $ E 1 R an g e
: C "3 # ! OK 4 3
J 5 +

Frequencies
H E A D N O
C a te g o ry O b s e rv e d N E x p e c te d N R e s id u a l
1 1 144 155. 1 - 11. 1
2 2 342 310 . 4 31. 6
3 3 28 7 310 . 4 - 23. 4
4 4 16 4 155. 1 8 .9
5 5 25 31. 0 -6 .0
T o ta l 9 6 2 9 6 2
Two Independent Samples tests

( 2 1 2 )
T 1 # ) 7 " 3 .
T 1 - 1 % 1 - F
? 4
. $
) 1 - # ) - K 3 T ? 4
? 1 1 - ! A
% 1 - SPSS 5 1
7 " ) = % 1 - C E " K
) ) ) 1 .
: ") =
M an n -W h it n e y U 1 .1
Ko l mo g o r o v -Smir n o v Z 1 .2
M o s e s Ex t r e me R e act io n s 1 .3
W al d -W o l f w it z R u n s 1 .4

(1 , 4 )/ ! R $ I 8 1 C
" 3 # % 1 : 3#
D < " 3 G r o u p , @ R $ 3

(24 )C @ R $ I 10 1
d s e as e
) , " 1 2
He al t h y
) , " 1 1 ) , V al u e L abe l @ A
, R % 2
> 2 2
( B & #
3 <- 1
) , 6
D at a Ed it o r $ $ " % 1 , 6
) R $ # ( Time )
t im e g ro u p : SPSS 5 1
10 14 1
6 8 4 1
8 10 1
9 9 0 1
8 4 0 1
9 7 8 1
10 0 2 1
1110 1
8 6 4 2
6 3 6 2
6 3 8 2
7 0 8 2
7 8 6 2
6 0 0 2
13 20 2
7 5 0 2
5 9 4 2
7 5 0 2
186
% 5 - M
1 ? > 0 1
) E 1 " ) @ 1 ; " .
" 1 @ µ1 = µ 2 ) @ 0 1 C ) 1 ) M an n -W h it n e y 1 1
. ( µ1 ≠ µ 2
: %
. ? 1 K 0
A n al y z e No n Par ame t r ic Te s t s 2 I n d e pe n d e n t s ampl e s
. $
: ! 2 I n d e pe n d e n t s ampl e s Te s t , 6
Te s t V ar iabl e L is t ( ) % $ # + ) Time " 6 -

3
H ) 4

G r o u pin g V ar iabl e G F " g r o u p
C @ 3

G r o u p1 : 1 / ! 3
H3 D e f in e G r o u p 4
. M an n -W h it n e y U 1 $ E < . G r o u p2 :2
: 5 , 6 OK 4 3
Ranks
G R O U P N M e a n R a n k S u m o f R a n k s
T IM E h e a lth y 8 1 2 .6 3 1 0 1 .0 0
d s e a s e 1 0 7 .0 0 7 0 .0 0
T o ta l 1 8
9
3 (C @
/ ! ) ) 5 7 R an ks ; C " 3 1 - )
; N
) 3 # ; N
2 # 1 / . 3
< 3 ! ) 2 ;
; F = 3 #
( 7 0 C @ ; N

101 / !
: ! 1 M an n -W h it n e y U ! A
N ( N 1)
U = N1 N 2 + 1 1+ − T1
2
187
M - ) # N2
( N1=8 C
, ) ) + # N1 7
#
.( T1=101) Su m o f R an ks C
) ; N
# T1
(N2=10 )
! A C @ & 1 C
) % . ) C " 3 3- 1 1 U ! A 2 +

U ) ? 4
) ; Z 2 B - .U ! &
W il co x o n W
: " ? 4
" + ) H -
.
B 7
N1 N 2 N1 N 2 ( N1+ N 2 + 1)
µ= = 40 σ = = 11.25
2 12
B D " 3
< 1 ) " ) 1 . ? 4
; U ) ? 4

" ) 1 . ? 4
" )
P-V al u e 2 B K
Z = (U − µ ) / σ = (15 − 40 ) / 11 . 25 = − 2 .222
# ) 1
Tr an s f o r m C o mpu t e 1 Z ! &
( . 1 - ) 2*C D F NOR M (-2.222)=0.0263 "
) 1 . ? 4

- M
1 ) @ ( C
3 1 ) 1 . ? 4
" P-v al u e =0.026 2 7
% 2
.

? > 0 1 ) + # 1 ( 0 1
% 5
. C @ R $ I % 2
.
3 <
H" / ! R $ I , R
Test Statisticsb
T IM E
M a n n -W h itn e y U 15.000
W ilc o x o n W 7 0.000
Z - 2 .2 2 2
A s y m p .S ig .( 2 - ta ile d ) .02 6
E x a c t S ig . [ 2 * ( 1- t a i l e d a
S i g .) ] .02 7
a . N o t c o r r e c te d fo r tie s .
b . G r o u p in g V a r ia b le : G R O U P
U # - 1 . # 2 / U # - . ( / 0 T2 # & # ' ( ) * * + , : # $ %
: "
N 2 ( N 2 + 1)
U = N1 N 2 + − T2
2
1 - /
U ! & ) B 1
9 1 ) # N2
. 1 > 0 C # !

K- Related Samples Tests
K ( 3 12 )
1
" ) T 1 - " ) -
M an n -W h it n e y 1
. On e - W ay A NOV A
) 1 # " " ) - 1
Kr u s kal l -W al l is

T 1 - 4 = .
$ 3
K T 1 # ) G 3 1
188

" ) = % 1 - / F R an ks ; 3 9 1 3 % 1
: SPSS 5 1
. F r ie d man 1 .1
. Ke n d al l ’s W 1 .2
. C o ch r an ’s Q 1 .3
: 4 #
1 ) c
b
a 1 , % 4 0 " B = ; R ! 1 Th e r apis t s ! ) 2
D at a Ed it o r $ $ , 6 5
5 %
( 3
2 1 , " C
# @ 0 C 1 $ 1
Th e r ap a b c : SPSS 5 1
1 2 3 1
2 2 3 1
3 2 3 1
4 1 3 2
5 3 2 1
6 1 2 3
7 2 3 1
8 1 3 2
9 1 3 2
= B " # @ 0
) % 2

) 1 " ) @ 1 ;
" .
. % 5 - M
1
F r ie d man 1 1
: %
. ? 1 K 0
A n al y z e No n par ame t r ic Te s t s K-R e l at e d s ampl e s
. $ 5
: " D 1 + Te s t s f o r s e v e r al R e l at e d Sampl e s

! , 6
: 5 C "3 # ! OK 4 3 5
5
D an ie l W .W .(1978) , B io s t at is t ics : A F o u n d at io n f o r an al y s is in Th e He al t h
Scie n ce s , 2nd Ed it io n , pp.398 .
189
N P a r T e s ts
F r ie d m a n T e s t
Ranks
M e a n R a n k
A 1.67
B 2 .78
C 1.5 6
# " D 1 $ F = 3 1 . = B # ; .
# M e an R an k 7
R an d o miz e d
$ ) % 3 . ! 1 H )
Tw o - w ay A NOV A ) 1
# H
0 !
Tr e at me n t s % ) (B
) 9 3 # 7 B l o cks Ex pe r ime n t
; ; ) 1 # " / < = F r ie d man 1 1 ) 7 B l o cks % 3 .
? 1 F r ie d man ! A
# 2 Or d in al 1 % 1
; " .
R an ks
: " ;
J-1 1 χ 2 ? 4

χ2 =
12 ∑ T 2  − 3K ( J + 1) = 8.2
KJ ( J + 1)  i 
# Ti
(9 3 ) % ) 3 # J
(%3. ) H
0 ! 3 # K 7
. J=3
K=9 + ) # ; N

( C
3 P-V al u e 2
F r iedm an ! A 2 1 F #

. = B " # @ 0
) <2
K + % 5 - M
1 ) @
Test Statisticsa
N 9
C h i- S q u a r e 8 . 222
d f 2
A s y m p . S ig . .0 1 6
a . F r ie d m a n T e s t
190

CHARTS
( 3 , .
1
0 !
/ ! & %
, 9 1 %.. 1 )
.
.
B ar s 1 9 3 , %.. . 9 1 )
. 1 .1 ! & % 1
%= ,
% & ( ) # ! 0 #
…dPies 1

Lin es 1
. 1
) # S PS S 5 1

Bar Charts
( 113)
: 1 #
: Y ear %
; % ' M & S al es %) 1 1 #

y ear s al es
1990 5 0
1991 5 2
1992 5 5
1993 6 0
1994 6 5
. B ar C har t 1 9 3 .. 3 ;" . .
: %
. ?1 K 0
2
B ar C har t

! , 6 .G r ap hs B ar
. $
: F 1
F # # 1
Data in C har t ar e 2 V al u es o f in div idu al cas es 2
. %- . 1

S im p l e 2
S tack edJ C l u s ter ed J S im p l e
% =
Defin e S im p l e B ar

! , 6 1

! Defin e 4 3
: D 1 +
191
: 7 .
. .. . $ 1 # D 2 2 # + 3 : B ar s R ep r es en t
: " @
(
) 1 .. " % 0
3

: C atego r y Label s
.
C " 3 "
) 2 ( ) : C as e n u m ber
)
C " 3
) F

2 ( ) : V ar iabl e
. ( Y ear s #
. F o o tn o te , s u btitl e,d Titl e ..
3 ( ) :Titl e
. M %.. 3 3 <9 $ 1 , 1 . ) %0 !
+
; 2 # ) :Tem p l ate
: " S PS S V iew er .. ( 3 O K 4 3
1 2 ..
T itle L in e 1
Line2
Subtitle
F o o tn o te
192
Establishment Sales
by Years
for Period 1990-1994
70
60
Value SALES
50
40
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
YEAR
Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)
. . ( ) 7 >
4 1 F 1 .. C " 3 %= ) /
: " S PS S C har t E dito r
S PS S C har t E dito r

C har t E dito r $ $ - M %= ) ) %= ) / 7
: ( >
4 1 .. ) 1 +
C har t E dito r $ $ + %= ) ) " K 0 : 9 3
.1
: (F = 3 # $
. >
4 1 9 3

F o r m at C o l o r C har t E dito r $ $
. $
193
: " C o l o r s

! , 6 %
. $
: 7
. . $ / = A
: F il l
. . $ "

: B o r der
>
4 1 F 1 4
" <= 4
" C . $ / = A

. 9 3
A p p l y 4 F il l $ E E ) 1
9 3
) 1 .. , 6
. C o l o r s

! " C l o s e 4
: "
2 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
70
60
Value SALES
50
40
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
YEAR
:
0 " 1
7 C
9
. 3) 1 %
. > 0 1 <= 0 "

. (9 3 <- 1 ..
: " ?1 K 0 : B ar S ty l e 9 3 . .2

F o r m at B ar S ty l e C har t E dito r $ $
. $
:

! , 6 %
. $

194
+ 3- ..
# 6 ? ..
) 1 = ..
) 1 = E
# 6 3
= 9 3 , 6 A p p l y A l l 4 >
4 1 F 1 3-D effect 3
: " ) 1
3
Establishment Sales
by Years
70
60
Value SALES
50
40
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
YEAR

:6 =
H @ ; 2 3
. $ C E @ A Dep th ;
2 3
. . $ C E
: %
. ?1 K 0 :B ar Label S ty l e 9 3
3 . .3

F o r m at B ar Label S ty l e %
. $

2
3
195
.A ?
3
:

. . C " 3 # ! A p p l y A l l 4 >
4 1 F 1 F r am ed
:
4 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
70
65
60
60
Value SALES
55
50 52
50
40
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
YEAR
" .& .&
: %6 =
C har t E dito r $ $
. $ C har t .. " .& 4 & .
. , = ) 4 & O u ter F r am e
C har t E dito r $ $
. $ C har t .. " " .& 4 & .;
. , = ) 4 & I n n er F r am e
S cal e A xis
1 ! % 3& .4
: " % 3& %
.

C har t E dito r $ $ .. " (…J40، 50، 60)

3 C " 3
: " S cal e A xis

! , 6
196
: 7
, " 1 2 ;

4 & )
. 4 A
( 3:Dis p l ay A xis Lin e .a
. (I n n er F r am e C har t 1 " .& 4 A
. ( V al u e S al es )

3 ?2
:Titl e Ju s tificatio n .b
. ( G
J . ) > N
:S cal e .c
. % :Maj o r div is io n s .d
.
% :Min o r div is io n s .e
≥ Maio r I n cr em en t Min o r I n cr em en t <" 3 1 :I n cr em en t .f
. 1 $ .
. ( 3:G r id .g
. Tick Mar k s ( ) :Tick s .h
. (…J40، 50، 60) %
3 4 A
( 3 :Dis p l ay Label s .i
: 4 2 .. C " 3 % ) 0 / A
. C en ter .
(V al u e S al es
+ )

3 ?@
•
% = 3 , 6 A ? 10 <- 1 5 Min o r I n cr em en t
% 1 # ) •
.Tick Mar k s

. % C G r id Lin es 1 $ .
. @ A •

3 1 D " 3 # ! ) ; S cal e A xis

! E
: ( 4 = %= ) 1

197
: O K 4 ) 1 " , 6 ..
5 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
70
65
Value SALES
60
60
55
50 52
50
40
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
YEAR
Axis Title Axis Label
: % ) 0 1 D =
Label s

! , 6 4 3 : Label s .J
; 3

) $ ) ; 3 : Decim al Pl aces -
. 70. 0J 60. 0J 50. 0J 40. 0: "
) ( )
+
$ )

3
3 # 1 C H @ 4

: Leadin g C har acter -
. D70 J D6 0 J D50 J D40 : "
) , 6 D 2 ) 4 @ A

3
3 # , C H @ 4

: Tr ail in g C har acter -
. % 70J6 0 % J 5 0 %J 4 0 %: "
) , 6 % = 3 @ A
9
C o m m a 9 4 ) # !
0 1 1000 3 4 ( ) :10 0 0 S S ep ar ato r -
. (Per io d
3 1 .. , 6 .

O r igin Lin e # ! . : B ar O r igin Lin e .K
.
H
# ! . 2 C " 3 < 2 # 9 3 7 1 9 2
B ar O r igin Lin e 2 A. D H
. 2 # 2 2 # 9 3
( ) 1 = E 4 A ) 1 ) 4 2 .. " S cal e A xis

! 57 +

: .. C " 3 # ! H

198
6 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
70
65
Value SALES
60
60
52
50
50
40
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
YEAR
. 57 . 3 O r igin Lin e .
. 7

" # 1 F - @ A
( ) : Dis p l ay Der iv ed A xis .L

! Dis p l ay Der iv ed A xis $ E 1 K
H " > D

" !
: " Der iv ed A xis

! , 6 Der iv ed A xis 4 S cal e A xis
Der iv ed A xis
# 1 S cal e A xis " !
9
# # )
: " ; F = 3

! Defin itio n 2 E 1 2 .. "
S cal e A xis Der iv ed A xis
R atio U n its E q u al U n its
1 2
Match 0 V al u e E q u al 0 V al u e
: .. C " 3 # ! O K 4 C o n tin u e 4 3
199
7 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
70 140
130
65
60 120
60
110
Value SALES
55
50 52 100
50
90
40 80
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
YEAR

C " 3 2 # 6 = . L @
( 1 $ K
Label s
) 0 @ 2
. Der iv ed A xis $
C " 3 H ) @ , " 1 " !
" !
# C " 3 (

) 0 " 2 1 L Match
70 # 1 " !
C " 3 50 # ) . ?2
> 0 , 6 7 1 $
: " Der iv ed A xis

! Defin itio n 2 ; 1 .. " $
C " 3
S cal e A xis Der iv ed A xis

R atio U n its E q u al U n its
1 1
Match 50 V al u e E q u al 70 V al u e
: .. C " 3 # ! O K 4 C o n tin u e 4 3

8 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
70 90
65
60 80
60
Value SALES
55
50 52 70
50
40 60
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
YEAR
. # $ % … 8 0
! 6 0
7 0
! 50

2 0 0
C atego r y A xis
1 ! % 3& .5
S PS S >
4 1 . . 1
1 ! % 3&

! , 6 C har t E dito r $ $

.. "

3 V iew er
: ( <= 1 2 .. " )

: % ) 0 1 7
4 A , " 1 2 ;

4 & ) Dis p l ay A xis Lin e
4 A
( 3 •
. (I n n er F r am e C har t 1 " .&

) 1 A xis Titl e
# .
) # " 6 1

3 •
.
Titl e j u s tificatio n
) ?2
•
. 1 $ .
.
% 4 A
, 6 A •

3 ( 3 D
Label s

! , 6 Label s 4 3 •

) ? 2

=
4 1 J 9

) J , / 4
, )
S tagger ed J Diago n al J V er tical J H o r iz o n tal : %
7 O r ien tatio n
: " .. , 6 1 .. "

3 ( ) Diago n al ) .
9 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
70
60
Value SALES
50
40
19
19
19
19
19
90
91
92
93
94
YEAR
, 1
) K 1 $ <1 . F , 1 "
.
) ( 3 +
@

. F V er tical
S tagger ed 9 0 -
2 0 1
> ) 1
.$ C 9 3 .. #
+
;" : S w ap A xis
;" 2 .6
; " 2 3 <= %
. $

F o r m at S w ap A xis
. $
: " , 6 D E 1 2 ..

10 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
YEAR
40 50 60 70
Value SALES
:
S PS S $ $
3) ..
3 + S iz e D
F o n t . N
.

. $ F o r m at Text
) 1 (C har t E dito r
.

S PS S C har t $ $ C #
" .. 1 ) " 1 1
, 6 3 .;
F o n t 2
>
4 1 ;
" . R ) 1
E dito r
. ....A r abic Tr an s p ar en t
A n dal u s
A r ial (A r abic) . N
S PS S C har t $ $
3) .. .$ 1 .$ I / = & . .%
.

. $ F o r m at F il l Patter n (E dito r
$ $
. $ C har t Legen d 1 Legen d Q @ A "
@ A .7
. Legen d

! Dis p l ay C har t Legen d $ E C har t E dito r
.. " " .& 1

#

) # 1
9 3 1 % 1 .B
. $ C har t B ar S p acin g 1 C l u s ter 2 ) 1 K
I n n er F r am e
: # $ %

. .
1 .$ ( ) 1 D 1
2 0 2
.. C " 3 0 " % " 3 0 L @
: Chart Template

(213)
" " C " 3
% " ) > 0 0 ;" . ( ) 1
, D " $ E C

F
% 1 3 K A !
. " 3 1 ) F
%
D 1 . 7 #
.. C " 3 % % " ) @ Tem p l ate ; 2 # 3 & 1
J .P 1 9 3
3 J ) 1 = ) 0 " % " 3 @ 4 2 .. <= . M % C " 3
E + ) x C " 3 % " ) F > 0 1 . ( " . (… 30
" !
)
: %
. ?1 (94S90 %
" 80، 88، 110، 90، 77
C har t $ $ F il e S av e C har t Tem p l ate 1 ; 2 ! 1 4 .. 4
. cht ;
s ct . - ; E 7 E dito r
V al u es o f I n div idu al C as es G r ap hs B ar
. $
. F V al u es o f I n div idu al C as es

! y ear
x % # (s im p l e)
; L 0 F il e 4 C har t S p ecificatio n fr o m $ E 1 2 tem p l ate
: " V al u es o f I n div idu al C as es

! ; 7 cht
: x " .. C " 3 # ! O k 4 3

11 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
120
110
110
100
90
90
88
Value X
80
80
77
70
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
YEAR
2 0 3
L i n e
B ar ( 3– 13)
: %
. ?1 Lin e .
. C B ar 9 3 1 2 ..
. C har t E dito r $ $
..
Lin e

! , 6 G al l er y Lin e S im p l e
. $
" "

S al es . 9
" @ .. - S im p l e ) C har ts
. ( Mu l tip l e , ) , @
(
)
: " Lin e C .. #
R ep l ace
12 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
70
60
Value SALES
50
40
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
YEAR
: %
. ?1 1 . C " 3 Mar k er s %= ) ( )
%
. $

F o r m at I n ter p o l atio n

: " I n ter p o l atio n

! , 6 ( C har t E dito r $ $ ..
3)
A p p l y 4 F $ E Dis p l ay Mar k er s
C heck B o x ! ?1
: # $ .. C %= ) H @ A l l
2 0 4
13 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
70
60
Value SALES
50
40
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
YEAR
: " ?1 = ) # $
. $ E %= ) C har t E dito r $ $
..

! , 6

F o r m at Mar k er s

: Mar k er s
. ,
= ) N

: " = ) A p p l y 4
14 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
70
60
Value SALES
50
40
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
YEAR
.A p p ly A ll ! " # ( )
:
2 0 5
P i e
B ar ( 4 – 13 )
: %
. ?1 Pie 1 9 C B ar 9 3 1 2 ..
. C har t E dito r $ $
..
Pie C har ts

! , 6 G al l er y Pie
. $
: " Pie C .. #
R ep l ace S im p l e
15 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
1990
1994
1991
1993
1992
: %
. ?1 <= 1994 R 9 ?. # ! 0
$ $ (
) . . E ) 1 F 1994 1 R ?. 5
. C har t E dito r
C "3 # !

F o r m at E xp l o de S l ice
. $ 5
: ..
16 2 ..
Establishment Sales
by Years
1994 1990
1991
1993
1992
>
4 1 ? . D " 3 C #
! 0 ?. 9 3
.

F o r m at E xp l o de s l ice
2 0 6
: %
. ?1 I n s ide S l ice ?. # # # "
1 ( )
, 6 ( C har t E dito r .. E ) 1 ) C har t O p tio n s
5
: " D 1 + Pie O p tio n s

!
. ?. # Text

1 ( ) Label s Per cen ts $ 6 -
: " ; + Label F o r m at

! , 6 F o r m at 4
: 7
in s ide O u ts ide Ju s tified) Text
V al u e 2

1 ( 3 ?2
# : Po s itio n
;G I n s ide 2
. ( n u m ber s in s ide Texts O u ts ide J B es t fitJ O u ts ideJ
. ?. #

1 ( 3
. .
)
?. 1 .1 .
. ( ) : C o n n ectin g Lin e fo r O u ts ide Label s
. > , .
. # ) : A r r o w head o n Lin e
.
"
) #
.A ( ) : Dis p l ay F r am e A r o u n d
.. " $ ) ; 3
1000 3 4 3I # !
@ & : V al u es
: .. C " 3 # ! O k 4 C o n tin u e 4 3 5
2 0 7
17 $ % & & '
Establishment Sales
by Years
1994 1990
23.0% 17.7%
1991
1993
18.4%
21.3% 1992
19.5%
: 2 #
. 2002S8199 %
" " 1 %
% ! # #

y ear E xp o r ts I m p o ts
1998 190 180
1999 2 2 0 2 0 0
2 0 0 0 2 19 2 15
2 0 0 1 2 4 5 2 30
2 0 0 2 2 5 0 2 4 4
: " ;" .
. C l u s ter ed B ar s 3. ( .$ - ) 9 3 .. 3 .1
. S tack ed B ar s 9 3 .. 3 .2
: %
. ?1 3. 9 3 3 .1
D
B ar C har t
! , 6 G r ap h B ar
. $ 5

! , 6 Defin e 4 V al u es o f I n div idu al C as es / C l u s ter ed
: " D 1 + C l u s ter ed B ar / V al u es o f I n div idu al C as es
2 0 8
: .. C " 3 # ! O k 4 3 5
18 2 ..
260
240
220
200
180
EXPORTS
Value
160 IMPORTS
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
YEAR
# 1 S tack ed 7 2 2 9
. 3 , 0 1 %
. ?1 S tack ed B ar .. 0 .2
: .. C " 3 # ! 7 B ar C har ts

! C l u s ter ed
2 0 9
19 $ % & & '
600
500
400
300
200
100
IMPORTS
Value
0 EXPORTS
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
YEAR
< ( ) E xp o r ts " "

( # 0 ) <-
( ) I m p o r ts " " # ) ( 0 1
.. K 0 .. 1998 4 A ;G K C @ & 1 (C " 3 )
+
S er ies Dis p l ay ed
. $ C har t E dito r $ $

:

! , 6 " "
2 10
( < 1 ) (C " 3 )Dis p l ay E xp o r ts " " 5
(. .
# = ) O m it C , " 4
( @
) # = ) Dis p l ay C O m it E xp o r ts " " N & 4
. Dis p l ay # = ; G 2
, 1
C D " 4 F (# 0 ) Dis p l ay 1998

) 5
. O m it H
: "
) 1

! , 6
: .. ( ) , 6 O K 4 3 5
20 2 ..
600
500
400
300
200
100
EXPORTS
Value
0 IMPORTS
1999 2000 2001 2002
YEAR
/ , - , . $ B ar + * " # ) * I m p o r ts Lin e & ' " # ) * E xp o r ts (

: B ar /Lin e/A r ea Dis p l ay ed Data
: & & ' ( O K * E xp o r ts Lin e I m p o r ts B ar ' 0
2 11
2 1$% & & '
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
EXPORTS
Value
190 IMPORTS
1999 2000 2001 2002
YEAR
:
C " 3 # ! # ) 1 . 1
B ar . . P ie
Line . . C " 3 " !
: "
B ar . . C " 3 " ! " 9
! 1 % . . F
Line . . C " 3 #
! " G r ap h Line
P ie . . C " 3 #
! " G r ap h P ie
Ar ea . . C " 3 #
! " G r ap h Ar ea
(Su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es C " 3 ) 3 #

Dat a E d it o r $ $ % 1 % " 2
g
x2
x1 # #

: " SP SS 5 1
x1 x2 g
10 0 10 a
20 0 20 b
30 0 30 a
4 0 0 4 0 b
50 0 50 b
: " ; " .
. x2
x1 .
B ar . . 3 .1
. x2
x1 " ( b
a) % .
Cl u st er ed B ar 3 . 2 . . 3 .2
: %
. ? 1 x2
x1 .
B ar . . 0 .1
D
B ar Ch ar t s

! , 6 G r ap h B ar
. $ 5
. Su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es / Simp l e

! , 6
! Def ine 4 3 5
2 12
: " D 1 + Def ine Simp l e B ar : Su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es
-
.
7 x2
x1 # .
# 9 3 6 =
% $ ' L + Ch ange Su mmar y 4 1 .

N
@ -
. M ed ian, M o d e, No .o f Cases , M in. Val u e, M ax. Val u e … # M
: B C "3 # ! O K 4 3 5
400 22 2 . .
300
300
200
100
Mean
0
30
X1 X2
.

x2
) N 0
300 +

" 1 .

x1
) N 0
. 30 +

" 1
? 1 x2
x1 " ( b
a) % .
Cl u st er ed B ar 3 . . . 0 .2
: %
.
D
B ar Ch ar t s

! , 6 G r ap h B ar
. $
. Su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es / Cl u st er ed

! , 6
! Def ine 4 3 5
: " D 1 + Def ine Cl u st er ed B ar : Su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es
213
: . . C "3 # ! O k 4 3 5
23 2 . .
400
367
300
200
200
100
X1
Mean
37
0 20 X2
a b
( Su mmar ies o f G r o u p s o f Cases ' ) * ) : 4

. gend er 3 d eg 2 1
2
* sal ar y 1 " "
d eg gend er sal ar y
F ir st M al e 9 0
F ir st F emal e 70
T h ir d M al e 56
Seco nd M al e 65
F ir st M al e 8 5
Seco nd F emal e 60
Seco nd M al e 69
T h ir d M al e 57
T h ir d F emal e 50
F ir st F emal e 75
Seco nd F emal e 62
T h ir d F emal e 51
F ir st M al e 8 5
214
: " ;
" .
. 7 &

0 ; .
# B ar s 1 9 3 1 . . 3 .1
# ; 7 &

# ; .
# B ar s 1 9 3 1 . . 3 .2
. 0 6
: %
. ? 1 #
;
" . 0 .1
D
B ar Ch ar t s

! , 6 G r ap h s B ar
. $ 5
. Su mmar ies f o r G r o u p o f Cases/Simp l e
Def ine Simp l e B ar :

! , 6 F = 3

! Def ine 4 3 5
: " ; + Su mmar ies f o r G r o u p o f Cases
: & & ' ) * " - O K * 5

24 $ % & & '
74
72 72
70
68
66
64
Mean SALARY
62
61
60
Female Male
GENDER
215
: %
. ? 1 ;
" . 0 .2
D
B ar Ch ar t s

! , 6 G r ap h s B ar
. $ 5

C " 3 0 6
# 7 Su mmar ies f o r G r o u p o f Cases/Cl u st er ed
. Cl u st er s 7 ;
.

;
.

3 0 6
# # 1

! , 6 F = 3

! Def ine 4 3 5
: " ; + Def ine Cl u st er ed B ar : Su mmar ies f o r G r o u p o f Cases
: & & ' ) * " - O K * 5
25 $ % & & '

90
87
80
70 73
67
60 61
57
GENDER
Mean SALARY
50
51
Female
40 Male
First Second Third
DEG
216
-
SP SS 5 1 % . . , 1 ? , 9 4 6 = # =
B 7 % 1 " ! & )
E XCE L # M % 1 . % . .

, " ! )
< 1 , "
) % 0 <= 1 % .
! & % $ '
% 1 - % < 1 % 1 A !
% 1 ; 4 = % 2

. ! &
Histogram
( 5 – 13 )
B Ro w Dat a % 1 ( ) # ) p ie
Line
B ar 1 % . .
% 1 # P 1
G C " 3 G r o u p ed Dat a 1
1 % 1 ( ) # ) +
? 4
#
C % 1 H ! 1 5 1
7 SP SS 5 1 C U ngr o u p ed , ! 1
% 3 A 7 #
, + B
< " F r eq u ency T abl e +
. # (… J 0 #
. J % 0 3 ) . .
5 #
> 0 ) Dat a E d it o r $ $ < 1 # +

t al l " + B ; " .
. (? 1 # ! 0 (1S4) 1 " ? 1 #

: %
. ? 1 + B
H ist o gr am

! , 6 G r ap h H ist o gr am
. $ 5
: " D 1 +
217
: 5 6 ( * $ O K * 5
26 $ % & & '
10
2
Std. Dev = 17.17
Mean = 68.2
0 N = 56.00
30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
35.0 45.0 55.0 65.0 75.0 85.0 95.0
TALL
) * Cl asses 7 8 2 " . 1 ; < ) * M id p o int s 7 8 2 " $ 9 :

: 7 & ' > . ? @ @ 2 . 1 0 , . I nt er v al Wid t h 8 2 " & = 7 8 2
* = * <
. Ch ar t E d it o r # # ) "
H ist o gr am & & '
: / - !
<
*
218

! , 6 F 3
Def ine 4 4 0 I nt er v al s Cu st o m 4
: " D 1 + Def ine Cu st o m I nt er v al s
2 1
30 @
) 2 # 2 " )
I nt er v al wid t h 10 1 0 #
.
: 2 = ) ; + 7 +
% 0 3 E D " 3
100 @
)
Range 70
No. of Classes = = =7
Class (Interval) Width 10
Label s 4 I nt er v al axis

! C N
" co nt inu e 4 •
: " D 1 + Label s

! , 6
!
: % " ) 1 2 7

C " 3 % 0 ( 3 ; G T yp e M id p o int <- 1 Range .1
. % 0 4 <- 1
. Decimal P l aces % 0 "
" )
" 0 ! 1 $ ) ; 3 .2
. , 1 % 0
K 1 $ - Diago nal O r ient at io n .3
. . ( ) O K 4 I nt er v al axis

! C N
" Co nt inu e 4
:
27 2 . .
219
16
14
12
10
4
Std. Dev = 17.17
2 Mean = 68
0 N = 56.00
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-1
> .& ) (
0
00
TALL
No r mal Ch ar t E d it o r $ $ . .
3 Ch ar t O p t io ns
H ist o gr am

! Disp l ay No r mal Cu r v e $ E K
Disp l ay cu r v e
. # ) 1
! ; 3
B ox P l ot
( 6 – 13)
? ) M ed ian .
#
% $ 3
? 4
H !
. . # )
. ( . . %
#
# ! 0 4 1– 6 1
Dat a E d it o r $ $ C % " % 3
@ #
: 6 #
: "
SP SS 5 1
x y cat z g gend er
30 4 7 a 20 a f
20 66 a 60 b f
31 77 a 50 a m
35 9 0 a 8 0 b m
10 0 55 a 10 0 b m
8 0 62 a 70 a m
79 8 0 b 8 9 b m
55 9 9 b 35 a f
50 4 3 b 65 b f
60 8 7 b 4 0 a f
9 5 9 2 b 55 b f
4 5 70 b 69 b m
39 4 0 b 4 0 a m
. x " B o x P l o t s . . ; " . .1
. y
x " B o x p l o t . . .2
. cat b
a 0 ; y
x " B o x P l o t . . .3
. g (b
a) z 0 B o x P l o t . . .4
220
0 # < " 3 g ( b
a ) z 0 B o x P l o t . . .5
. f 7 O M
m
" A
1 @
. . : " ? 1 #
;
" . 0 .1
: B o xp l o t / - ! G r ap h s B o x p l o t
. $
- 7 ) Simp l e ? su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es 6 -

. ( x " %

) Cl u st er ed
Def ine Simp l e bo xp l o t :

! , 6 F = 3

! Def ine 4 3
: " D 1 + Su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es
Label Cases by 2 # A B o xes Rep r esent # A

3 (. .
) , 6 ) 9 $
. " Label
3 1 G 3
. ,
) 9 $
. , @ ? 2 # ) # A
: . . C "3 # ! O K 4 3
221
28 $ % & & '
120
100 M a x . = 1 0 0
80
Q 3 = 7 9
IQR=Q3-Q1 =4 4
60
40 M e d ia n = 5 0
Q 1 = 3 5
20
M in . = 2 0
0
N= 13
: " ? 1 ;
" . 0 .2
D 1 + B o xp l o t

! , 6 G r ap h s B o x p l o t
. $
: "
Def ine Simp l e B o x p l o t : Su mmar ies o f

! , 6 Def ine 4 3
: D 1 + Sep ar at e Var iabl es
: . . ( )O K 4 3
222
29 2 . .
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
N= 13 13
X Y
: 7 & ' > . : 1 & @ 2 .3

G r ap h s , ' $ 8 ,
,
Su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es D

B o x P l o t

! , 6 B o xp l o t

! , 6

! Def ined 4 3
Cl u st er ed ?
: " D 1 + Def ine Cl u st er ed B o x P l o t : Su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es

Cat ego r y Axis
# 2 @ ; B o x Rep r esent 6 -
.
C " 3 D # +
: . . ( )O K 4 3
30 $ % & & '
120
100
80
60
40
20
X
0 Y
N= 6 6 7 7
a b
223 CAT
: %
. ? 1 ? 1 ;
" . 0 .4
D
B o x P l o t

! , 6 G r ap h s B o xp l o t

! Def ined 4 3
Simp l e ? Su mmar ies f o r G r o u p o f Cases
Def ine Simp l e B o x P l o t : Su mmar ies f o r G r o u p o f

! , 6

: " D 1 + Cases
: . . ( )O K 4 3
31 $ % & & '
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Z
N= 6 7
a b
: %
. ? 1 > ;
" . 0 .5
D
B o x P l o t

! , 6 G r ap h s B o xp l o t

! Def ined 4 3
Cl u st er ed ? Su mmar ies f o r G r o u p o f Cases
Def ine Cl u st er ed B o x P l o t : Su mmar ies f o r G r o u p o f

! , 6

: D 1 +
224
: & & ' ( O K *
32 $ % & & '
120
100
80
60
40
GENDER
20
f
0 m
Z
N= 3 3 3 4
a b
S c atte rp l ot
( 7 13)
9 . 3
1
1 2 = ) # % . . N
# )
. $ - # $ N
) 1 @
: 7 #
SP SS 5 1 Dat a E d it o r 2
% "
% 3 @ #

: "
225
y x1 x2 x3 mar k er l abel
79 26 6 60 a c1
74 29 15 52 a c2
10 4 56 8 20 a c3
8 7 31 8 4 7 a c4
9 5 52 6 33 a c5
10 9 55 9 22 a c6
10 2 71 17 6 b c7
72 31 22 4 4 b c8
9 3 54 18 22 b c9
115 4 7 4 26 b c10
8 3 4 0 23 34 b c11
113 66 9 12 b c12
10 9 68 8 12 b c13
: $ - # $ ) 1 N
3 0 L @
" #

Simp l e . 1 $ - # $ .1
D +
)

# $ "
# . 1 2 = ) # )
1 2 = ) " . 1 $ - # $ 3 J C " 3 ) # $ . # % A
: %
. ? 1 x1
y
: Scat t er p l o t

! , 6 G r ap h s Scat t er
. $
Simp l e / - ! Def ine $ A . Simp l e ' A * / -

: 9 . 5 @ scat t er p l o t
: 7
. $ - # $
# + F @ : Y Axis
. $ - # $
# + F @ : X Axis
226
, 1 ! M ar k er = ) 1 # #

D F @ : Set M ar k er by
. $ - # $
D 7 $ - # $ . Label s
) D 2 # ) F @ : Label Cases by
. , 0 A

) , 6 A & 1
3 & 1 + O p t io nal l abel Cases by
Set M ar k er s by < " 3
. , + # A
: . . ( )O K 4 3
33 2 . .
120
110
100
90
80 MARKER
b
70 a
Y
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
X1
Label 2 " ) G C " 3 . . , 6 % -

3 6 -
: " ? 1
) , 6 &
J % - "
)
. Ch ar t E d it o r $ $ C . . #
>
4 1 . . •

! , 6 Ch ar t O p t io ns
. $ Ch ar t E d it o r $ $ •
: " D 1 + O p t io ns
227
: % = +

Case Label s% -
3 ( 3 6 Case Label s 7
. % -
3 4 & : o f f
. % -
3 ( ) :o n
Ch ar t $ $ . H )
% - / 4
3 ( ) : As is
, 1 R
) ( ) . . . + 3

I < , 1 $ >
# $ L 1 ! E d it o r
. ( 9
# 3 / , & ) .

. o n % -
3 ( 3 ; G 1
: ; % -
3 ! 1 So u r ce o f Label s

) ) # #

) #

# ) : I D Var iabl e
. Simp l e Scat t er p l o t

! F " 2
Label

. % -
)

3
) 2 # ) : Case Nu mber
: " % -
3 ( ) F = 3

! O K 4 3 •
34 2 . .
120
c10
c12
110 c6 c13
c3
c7
100
c5
c9
90
c4
c11
80 c1 MARKER
c2 b
c8
70 a
Y
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
X1
Simp l e

! O p t io ns 4 1 9 $ 1 % -
3 ( 3 : 1 6 =

! Disp l ay Ch ar t Wit h Case Label s $ E Scat t er p l o t
. O p t io ns
) Sh o w Su bgr o u p s Scat t er p l o t : O p t io ns

! : 2 6 =
a 3
# ) 3 0 ? ( 3 < $ ' ( Disp l ay O p t io ns
228
( 1 ? 1
b
? 1 ) F = 3 . . , # 0 " % = ) 1 ( b
. . . 9
= ) 1 3
( 3 $ E 3 3
( a
35 2 . .
120
c10
c12
110 c6 c13
c3
c7
100
c5
c9
90
c4
c11
80 c1
c2 MARKER
c8
70 Total Population
Y
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
X1

Y 1 3 1 Ŷ = B 0 + B1 X 1 C
- . @ & : 3 6 =
( E(Y0 ) = B 0 + B1X 0 ) Y .
% 9 5 9 ? #
X1
)
: %
. ? 1 1 . . "

! , 6 Ch ar t O p t io ns (Ch ar t E d it o r $ $ )
. $ 5
: " D 1 + Scat t er p l o t O p t io ns
# $ . #
. @ A ) + F it Line T o t al $ E 1 2 6 -
. M ar k er . b
a 4 3
1 3 - 1 E + $ -
229
D 1 + F it Line

! , 6 1

! F it O p t io ns 3
: "
1 ) J ) 1 ) . Linear Regr essio n 6 -

9 ; G 1
( - C
4
M ! % ) 1 .
I nd iv id u al 3 ) Regr essio n P r ed ict io n Line M ean .
" % 9 5
. ( Y0 = B 0 + B1X 0 + e0 " " 9 5 1 ( )
: (Case Label s 4 A ) 1 ) . . ( ) O K 4 co nt inu e 4 3 5
36 2 . .
120
+ 2 ) * <
110
& % 95
100
90
+ 2 ) <
& % 95
80
MARKER
Total Population
70 Rsq = 0.6648
Y
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
X1
Scat t er p l o t : O p t io ns

! F it Line Su bgr o u p s $ E : 6 =
; F
( M ar k er # . ) . ( ) 5 1 E
. < $ ' Disp l ay O p t io ns Sh o w Su bgr o u p s

230
O v er l ay $ # $ .2
Y " $ # $ # # 2 C " 3 %
4 $ - . # # )
: %
. ? 1
. . X3
X2 " K
X1
D
Scat t er p l o t

! , 6 G r ap h Scat t er
5
: " D 1 + O v er l ay Scat t er p l o t

! , 6 Def ine 4 3
O v er l ay
: ( X1
Y = ) Y-X P air s % B
4 # A
. F - Y •
. F - X1 •
. Y-X P air s C # •
J
C " 3 # X1 +
)
C " 3 D " Y 7
. X3
X2 # A . > 0 1
. F ) 1 % B
4 +
> ) # ) : Swap P air
. % -
3 ( ) Disp l ay Ch ar t wit h Case Label s O p t io ns 4 5
: . . ( ) O v er l ay Scat t er p l o t

! O K 4 3 5
37 2 . .
120 c10
c12
c6 c13
c3 c7
100 c5c9
c4
c11
c1
80 c2
c8
60
40
c11 c8 X2
c7 c9
20 c2 X3
231 c12
c13 c3c6
c10
c5 c4 c1 Y
0 X1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
M at r ix $ - # $ .3
M at r ix. . <=
.

# # )
: %
. ? 1 X3
X2
X1 % "
D
Scat t er p l o t

5
: " D 1 + Scat t er p l o t M at r ix

! , 6 M at r ix
C " 3 , A E @
2 7 < Label
mar k er # < " 3
.. .
: . . , 6 O K 4 3 5
38 2 . .
X1
X2
X3
$ $ C #
>
4 1 . . Axis T it l es_

3 @ &
Scat t er p l o t M at r ix

! , 6 Ch ar t Axis
. $ Ch ar t E d it o r
: "
! , 6
Disp l ay Axis T it l es $ E 1
7 Scal e Axes
232
E d it Sel ect ed

! , 6 1

! E d it 4
) .

. . C "3 # ! O K Co nt inu e 4 1
J u st if icat io n Cent er D
Axis
:
39 $ % & & '
X1
X1
X2
X2
X3
X3
X1 X2 X3
3-D ) 1 = $ - # $ .4
Y % " 3-D. . <=
. ) 1 = . . % = # )
: %
. ? 1 X2
X1
3- D
Scat t er p l o t

5
: " D 1 + 3-D Scat t er p l o t

! , 6 D
233
: . . ( )O K 4 3 5
40 $ % & & '
120
110
100
Y 90
80
70
80 30
70
60 20
50
40 10
X1 30 X2
:1 6 =

Ch ar t E d it o r $ $ %
. $
1 ) 1 = . .

.
. $ F o r mat 3D-Ro t at io n
: 2 6 =
Ch ar t O p t io ns 1 # $ @ C
$ - # $ . .
. @ A
F lo o r D
3-D Scat t er p l o t O p t io ns

! , 6 Ch ar t E d it o r $ $
2 . $
: . . C "3 # ! O K 4 1
Sp ik es
41 2 . .
120
110
100
Y 90
80
70
80 30
70
60 20
50
40 10
X1 30 X2
: 3-D Scat t er p l o t O p t io ns

! Sp ik es
D < " 3
. Cent r o id # $ . 4 C $ - # $ . . # . : Cent r o id
. O r igin # ! . C $ - # $ . . # . : O r igin
234

Data Exchange
:% 0 " N
? # ) SP SS 5 1
0 " ` ! 1 E % 1 % 0 "
. E xcel
Lo t u s 1-2-3 1 1 !
5
. d B ase % 0 " 5
. ASCI I R
! % 0 " M N
, T ab-d el imit ed % 0 " 5
. M # $ 6 .
1
SP SS % 0 " 5
. SYST AT % 0 " 5
. M % 1 . C % 0 " ( 4 ) !
M % 1 . % 0 " (L ) 7
Importing Data files
( 1 14 )
(E XCE L 9 7 5 H " ) : 1 #
5 1 R $ 3

2 +
mer ge "
4 T est H "
: # $ , 6 E xcel 9 7
. SP SS 5 1 C E xcel ! T est H " ; " .

: %
. ? 1 K 0
, 6 F il e O p en Dat a SP SS 5 1
. $ 5
: " ; + O p en

!
235
F il es o f T yp e J F il e Name T est H " 1 6 -
% 0 " # % 0 " 9 3 N
L & 1 D 7 xl s . - % E xcel % 0 "
% 0 "
( SAV . - % Wind o ws 6 " SP SS 5 1 % 1 % 0 "
) SP SS(* .SAV)
d B ase(* .d bf ) % 0 "
Lo t u s(* .W* ) % 0 "
SP SS/P C+ (* .SYS)
DO S 6 " SP SS
. % 0 " G
T ext (* .t xt ) % 0 "
:

! , 6 o p en 4 3 5
: 7
#
H ! % / 9 / : Read Var iabl e Names F r o m T h e F ir st Ro w o f d at a
. E xcel H "
. SP SS 5 1 C , " % 1 +
2
: Wo r k sh eet
. SP SS 5 1 C , " % 1 ) M : Range
Dat a E d it o r $ $ % 1 , 6
SP SS C E xcel H " # O K 4 3 5
: "
. SAV . -
SP SS H " 1 H " 4
:
236
O p ening E xcel

! Range # % 1 ) Range 3 .1
: 5 , 6 (A1:A3 <= ) Dat a So u r ce
Wo r k sh eet Sh eet 1 <- 1 Sh eet 2 <= H " # 3 2

+ .2
+
2
F 9

% 1 - O p ening E xcel Dat a So u r ce

!
. 2
F % 1 Range
# Read Var iabl e Names F r o m T h e F ir st Ro w o f d at a $ E 3 3 .3

SP SS H " # 2 #
E H @ H
E xcel H " % / E 1
. , 3 <- 1 @ % / @ A

D
H
# E E xcel H " - > 0 1

3 .4
4
D E xcel 5 1 # SP SS 5 1 C H " 3 U niq u e

) # - @ A
4
8 - ? . 2 8 3 3 4 Ch ar act er s
. SP SS 5 1 C H " 3 Label "
E xcel 5 1 , " ;
" . % 1 # " 6 1 . 1 E xcel H " % 1 .5
. $ E d it P ast e
SP SS 5 1 C # - E d it Co p y
/ 6 = ;
SP SS 5 1 C % 1 # Dat a View $ $

4 % 2 6 = , 3 <- 1 @ /
, 6
%
N
F ;

Nu mer ic + ) N

SP SS % @ - N

. Z " 3 4 A # 1 2 Dat a E d it o r $ $ 4 % " St r ing
( T ext F il es R
! % 0 " ) : 2 #
5 1 M S-DO S E d it o r R
! 5 ) . 3 , A % 1 +
H "
: "
% 1 # ! 0 " Sp aces % G 0 % 2
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! 5
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R e g r e s s io n
Model Summaryb
A d ju s te d S td .E rro r o f D u r b in - W
M o d e l R RS q u a re RS q u a re th e E s tim a te a ts o n
1 .900a .8 10 .7 8 7 8 .8 2 1.8 8 5
a . P r e d ic to r s : ( C o n s ta n t) , X
b . D e p e n d e n t V a r ia b le : Y
ANOVAb
S u m o f
M o d e l S q u a re s d f M e a n S q u a re F S ig .
1 R e g r e s s io n 2661.050 1 2661.050 3 4 .17 4 .000a
R e s id u a l 622.950 8 7 7 .869
T o ta l 3 284 .000 9
a . P r e d ic to r s : ( C o n s ta n t) , X
b . D e p e n d e n t V a r ia b le : Y
Coefficientsa
S ta n d a r d i
z e d
U n s ta n d a r d i z e d C o e ffic ie n
C o e f f i c i e n ts ts
M o d e l B S td . E r r o r Be ta t S ig .
1 ( C o n s ta n t) 85.044 9 .9 7 0 8.53 0 .000
X 1.140 .19 5 .9 00 5.846 .000
a . D e p e n d e n tV a r ia b le : Y
G ra p h
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
Y
20 30 40 50 60 70
F r e q u e n c ie s
Statistics
X Y
N V a lid 10 10
M is s in g 0 0
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25 1
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Multiple Response Analysis
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Multiple response Frequencies
( 1 – 16 )
1
J
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Anal yze M u l t ip l e Resp o nse Def ine Dat a E d it o r $ $
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set s
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25 3
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4

! Cl o se 4 3
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: D 1 + M u l t ip l e Resp o nse F r eq u encies

. T abl es f o r C $ p ap er 1 - 3
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25 4
( V a l u e t a b u l a t e d = 1 )
P c t o f P c t o f
D i c h o t o m y l a b e l
N a m e C o u n t R e s p o n s e s C a s e s
B A B Y L O N 5 3 1 . 3 7 1 . 4
J A M H O R Y A 2 1 2 . 5 2 8 . 6
A L I R A Q 4 2 5. 0 57 . 1
Q A D I S S Y A 3 1 8 . 8 42 . 9
T H O W R A 2 1 2 . 5 2 8 . 6
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
T o t a l r e s p o n s e s 1 6 1 0 0 . 0 2 2 8 . 6
0 m i s s i n g c a s e s ; 7 v a l i d c a s e s
:
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B abyl o n
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3
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Def ine M u l t ip l e Resp o nse Set s

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Set d ef init io n X3
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4

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! , 6 Anal yze M u l t ip l e Resp o nse F r eq u encies

C $ p ap er 1 - 3
# 1 2 7 M u l t ip l e Resp o nse F r eq u encies

. T abl es f o r
: . 1 + #
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G r o u p $ P A P E R
P c t o f P c t o f
C a t e g o r y l a b e l
C o d e C o u n t R e s p o n s e s C a s e s
1 5 3 1 . 3 7 1 . 4
2 2 1 2 . 5 2 8 . 6
3 4 2 5. 0 57 . 1
4 3 1 8 . 8 42 . 9
5 2 1 2 . 5 2 8 . 6
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
T o t a l r e s p o n s e s 1 6 1 0 0 . 0 2 2 8 . 6
0 m i s s i n g c a s e s ; 7 v a l i d c a s e s
. 0 % 9 ) % ;
" E 1 D " !
< , 1 $ F

3 E Val u e Label "
3 X3
X2
X1 = % 2 / . 3 A : 6 =
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, 0 <- 1 , 6
Multiple R esponse C rossta b s

( 2 – 16 )
? "
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F
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B abyl o n j amh o r ya al ir aq q ad issya t h o wr a co l o r ed
1 0 1 1 0 1
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+ # ' 1
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4 + #

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.
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.( M u l t ip l e Cat ego r y M et h o d

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! , 6 Anal yze M u l t ip l e Resp o nse Cr o sst abs
. $
: " D 1 + M u l t ip l e Resp o nse Cr o sst abs

K
(0، 1)
co l o r ed
% 0 C
C " 3 ;
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! Def ine Ranges 4 1
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دليلك إلي البرنامج الإحصائي spss الجزء 3

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.

L o ad ing s %  ) 1 $  @      C o m po ne nts M atr ix % 

Component Score Coefficient Matrix

REGR factor score 1 for analysis 1

HI G HED UC 0.552474 0.09 6 4 7 4

D OC TOR S 0.486656 -0.12474

:  "    C . )   1   -    " )    C h i-Sq u ar e    !   E  K   3

Two Independent Samples tests    

Te s t V ar iabl e L is t     (    )  %    $ #   +   ) Time      "     6  -

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

 "    .&     .& 

: 4  2  ..  C " 3    % ) 0  /      A

Axis Title Axis Label

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

:    ..  C " 3 # !  O K 4   C o n tin u e 4  3

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

:  "   Der iv ed A xis 

S cal e A xis Der iv ed A xis

:    ..  C " 3 # !  O K 4   C o n tin u e 4  3

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

: x    "    ..  C " 3 # !  O k 4  3

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

Iraqi Dinars (Thousands)

<  ( )  E xp o r ts "  "  

C   D " 4      F    (# 0      ) Dis p l ay    1998 

1999 2000 2001 2002

/   , -   ,  . $    B ar +  *  " # )  * I m p o r ts      Lin e & ' " # )  * E xp o r ts     ( 

:       & & '   (  O K      *  E xp o r ts     Lin e  I m p o r ts     B ar    '      0

1999 2000 2001 2002

(Su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es     C " 3 ) 3 #  

( Su mmar ies o f G r o u p s o f Cases   '   )  * ) : 4 

:   & & '   ) * " -  O K    * 5

:   & & '   ) * " -  O K    * 5

25 $ % & & ' 

    > 0 ) Dat a E d it o r $  $   <  1  #   +  

   ) * Cl asses 7  8 2   "    . 1 ;     <      )  * M id p o int s 7  8 2      "    $  9     : 

  - 7   ) Simp l e      ? su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es        6 -

Label Cases by    2    #   A      B o xes Rep r esent          #   A   

Def ine Simp l e B o x p l o t : Su mmar ies o f  

:       7   & '   > .   :     1   &    @  2    .3

Su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es      D

Simp l e   /    - !   Def ine    $ A   . Simp l e  '  A  *      /    -  

Label        2  " )        G   C " 3 . .      , 6   % -    

   1 )   J   ) 1             )  .      Linear Regr essio n        6 -

39 $ % & & ' 

. SP SS 5   1 C  E xcel  ! T est H "      ; " . 

   Wo r k sh eet     Sh eet 1 <- 1 Sh eet 2 <=  H "    # 3 2 

#       Read Var iabl e Names F r o m T h e F ir st Ro w o f d at a      $ E   3 3 .3

   /   1      t h e f ir st Case o f d at a B egins o n Wh ich Line Nu mber ? #    

       "    1 %     +  Name & F o r mat N

E x porting Data F iles 

,  E ,  Sav e as T yp e "    E     L       $   F il e Name "    E     $  K  & * C $  9   0

DW#  )       ANO VA_

   Var iabl es in set   C   , " 

L o ad ing s % ) 1 $ @ C o m po ne nts M atr ix %

: " C . ) 1 - " ) C h i-Sq u ar e ! E K 3

Two Independent Samples tests

Te s t V ar iabl e L is t ( ) % $ # + ) Time " 6 -

" .& .&

: 4 2 .. C " 3 % ) 0 / A

: .. C " 3 # ! O K 4 C o n tin u e 4 3

: " Der iv ed A xis

: .. C " 3 # ! O K 4 C o n tin u e 4 3

: x " .. C " 3 # ! O k 4 3

< ( ) E xp o r ts " "

C D " 4 F (# 0 ) Dis p l ay 1998

/ , - , . $ B ar + * " # ) * I m p o r ts Lin e & ' " # ) * E xp o r ts (

: & & ' ( O K * E xp o r ts Lin e I m p o r ts B ar ' 0

(Su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es C " 3 ) 3 #

( Su mmar ies o f G r o u p s o f Cases ' ) * ) : 4

: & & ' ) * " - O K * 5

: & & ' ) * " - O K * 5

25 $ % & & '

> 0 ) Dat a E d it o r $ $ < 1 # +

) * Cl asses 7 8 2 " . 1 ; < ) * M id p o int s 7 8 2 " $ 9 :

- 7 ) Simp l e ? su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es 6 -

Label Cases by 2 # A B o xes Rep r esent # A

Def ine Simp l e B o x p l o t : Su mmar ies o f

: 7 & ' > . : 1 & @ 2 .3

Su mmar ies o f Sep ar at e Var iabl es D

Simp l e / - ! Def ine $ A . Simp l e ' A * / -

Label 2 " ) G C " 3 . . , 6 % -

1 ) J ) 1 ) . Linear Regr essio n 6 -

39 $ % & & '

. SP SS 5 1 C E xcel ! T est H " ; " .

Wo r k sh eet Sh eet 1 <- 1 Sh eet 2 <= H " # 3 2

# Read Var iabl e Names F r o m T h e F ir st Ro w o f d at a $ E 3 3 .3

/ 1 t h e f ir st Case o f d at a B egins o n Wh ich Line Nu mber ? #

" 1 % + Name & F o r mat N

E x porting Data F iles

, E , Sav e as T yp e " E L $ F il e Name " E $ K & * C $ 9 0

DW# ) ANO VA_

Var iabl es in set C , "

M u l t r esp o nse set s C 3

M u l t r esp o nse set s C 3

Multiple R esponse C rossta b s