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‫ﺒﺴﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻡ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻳﺮداس‬

‫ﺧﻄﻮة ﺧﻄﻮﻩ‬
‫‪Learn to Use ERDAS IMAGINE‬‬
‫‪Step by Step‬‬
‫اﻋﺪاد اﻟﺪآﺘﻮر ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺎواﺣﺪي‬
‫‪bawahidi@yahoo.com‬‬

‫ﺩﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ ‪Image merging‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺗﺎﻣﺞ اﻳﺮداس ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻣﻦ دﻣﺞ ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻦ ذوات دﻗﺔ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ان ﺗﻜﻮن آﻼ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮرﺗﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺤﺘﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ‪ .‬ﻻن اﻟﺼﻮرة ذات اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ذات ﻧﻄﺎق او ﻃﻴﻒ واﺣﺪ) ﻣﺜﻞ ﺻﻮر ﺳﺒﻮت‬
‫ﺑﺎﻧﻜﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‪ -‬اﺳﻮد‪ -‬اﺑﻴﺾ(‬
‫‪SPOT panchromatic – 10 meters or IKONOS panchromatic – 1 meter‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ان اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة اﻷﻃﻴﺎف ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ اﻗﻞ دﻗﺔ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻻﺗﺪﺳﺎت ‪٣٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ(‬
‫‪Landsat TM – 30 meters‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻷﻧﺘﺎج ﺻﻮر ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻻﻃﻴﺎف ذات دﻗﺔ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي اﻳﻀﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫هﺬﻩ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت آﻤﺎ ان اﻟﺘﺎﺗﺞ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺻﻮرة ﻣﻠﻮﻧﺔ‪ .‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ دﻣﺞ اﻟﺼﻮر ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻳﺮداس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﺣﺪى‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Multiplicative, Principal Components and Brovey Transform.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺤﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺤﺩﻯ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﺭ ﻤﻌﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫‪Nearest Neighbor, Bilinear Interpolation and, Cubic Convolution‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﻗﺔ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪Spatial resolution‬‬
‫)ﺍﺴﻭﺩ‪-‬ﺍﺒﻴﺽ( ﺍﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻑ ‪Panchromatic‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﻁﻴﺎﻑ ‪Multi-spectral‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻠﻪ ‪High resolution input‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻁﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻠﺔ ‪Multi-spectral input‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ‪Output file‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺴﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫)‪SPOT multi-spectral – ٢0m(b) and SPOT panchromatic 10 m (a‬‬
‫‪www.gisclub.com‬‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮر اﻻﺻﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫اﻵن ﻧﺒﺪاﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﻳﺮداس ﺛﻢ ﻧﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻻﻳﻘﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ أﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬

‫وﺑﻪ ﻧﺒﺪا ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﺞ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬

‫‪www.gisclub.com‬‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻹﻧﺘﻬﺎء اﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ‬

‫‪OK‬‬
‫اﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ وﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺪﻣﺞ‬
‫‪www.gisclub.com‬‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬

‫‪C‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﺞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺜﻼث اﻟﻤﺬآﻮرة أﻋﻼﻩ وﻟﻚ ان ﺗﺘﺄﻣﻞ وﺗﺨﺘﺎر اﻳﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻚ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ أﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫)‪Results of merging SPOT panchromatic and XS using: a‬‬
‫‪multiplicative model, b) brovery technique, c) principal component‬‬
‫‪transformation,‬‬

‫ﺒﺎﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺴﺎﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬