The Richard Slade Harrell Arabic Series: Number 10 ros Cra em carta Cro PSS can A oan Pong Corer Lei A Dictionary rs eae earn aa ree ag D. R. WOODHEAD and WAYNE BEENE boGEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY PRESS VUE oaN ag LAY FORMAL SPOKEN ARABIC; BASIC COURSE Karin C. Ryding EON re ee es (Ctccn nite meet) A DICTIONARY OF IRAQI ARABIC: ARABIC-ENGLISH Peco Moe eed PPP eNO eOe ned A DICTIONARY OF IRAQI ARABIC: ENGLISH-ARABIC a Oem Re CIC STS oe NMC hee rd A REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF SYRIAN ARABIC Nr amet COR SSO mC e rd (Accompanying set of 3 cassettes) A DICTIONARY OF SYRIAN ARABIC: ENGLISH-ARABIC enon rera pce Ure cd PT SCT TORO A BASIC COURSE IN MOROCCAN ARABIC irene cae PTR MS Neh Z Uma d (Accompanying set of 16 cassettes) A SHORT REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF MOROCCAN ARABIC Pena ce TESORO cd A DICTIONARY OF MOROCCAN ARABIC: MOROCCAN-ENGLISH/ ENGLISH-MOROCCAN Re OE UO ame Sy Bo Sy eS SECURE may EASTERN ARABIC Pe ere eS YC) ce OR RVers (tinker)anat. archeol. arith. athlet. auto. biol. bot. chem. coll. com. conj. eg. ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS anatomy invar. archeology jur. arithmetic masc. athletics math. automotive med. biology mil. botany mus. chemistry pass. collective phot. commerce phys. conjunction pl. economy pol. for example psych, electricity recip. equivalent refl. especially s(ing). feminine specif. figuratively techn. geometry trans. grammar un.n. that is var. instance noun WwW. intensive zool. equals, equivalent to. invariable jurisprudence masculine mathematics medicine military music passive photography physics plural polities psychology reciprocal reflexive singular specifically technology transitive unit noun variant west, western zoology indicates that inflection follows the pattern: fem. -iyya, masc. pl. -iyyiin, fem. pl. -iyyaat. indicates an idiomatic expression. indicates an idiomatic expression not directly related to any semantic range of the entry. enclose prescriptive syntactic information. indicates probable derivation of the word or expression.‘The Richard Slade Harrell Arabic Series: Number Ten General Editors: Richard S. Harrell and Wallace M. Erwin Institute of Languages and Linguistics Georgetown University Washington, D. C. A DICTIONARY of IRAQI ARABIC ARABIC-ENGLISH Edited by D. R. Woodhead and Wayne Beene Under the technical direction of Karl Stowasser With the assistance of Majid Damah Faisal Al-Khalaf Husain Mustafa Darrel Smith Ronald G. Wolfe Georgetown University Press Washington, D. C.‘The research reported herein was performed pursuant to a contract with the United States Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Copyright Georgetown University 1967THE ARABIC SERIES INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY ‘As an adjunct to its teaching and research program in the field of modern Arabic studies, Georgetown University’s Institute of Languages and Linguistics inaugurated a publication series in Arabic studies in 1962. The present volume represents the tenth of the series, A list of currently available and forthcoming publications is to be found on the back cover of this book. Inquiries as to prices, details of subscription, etc, should be sent to Director of Publications, Institute of Languages and Linguistics, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C. 20007.The Arabic Series is dedicated to the memory of its originator and first general editor RICHARD SLADE HARRELL Professor of Linguistics, Head of the Arabic Division and Director of the Arabic Research Program at Georgetown UniversityTHE ARABIC RESEARCH PROGRAM INSTITUTE OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY ‘The Arabic Research Program was established in June of 1960 as a contract between Georgetown University and the United States Office of Education under the provisions of the Language Development Program of the National Defense Education Act. ‘The first two years of the research program, 1960-62 (Contract number SAE- 8706), were devoted to the production of six books, a reference grammar and a conversational English-Arabic dictionary in the cultivated spoken forms of Moroccan, Syrian, and Iraqi Arabic. The second two years of the research program, 1962-64 (Contract number OE-2-14-029), have been devoted to the further production of Arabic-English dictionaries in each of the three varieties of Arabic mentioned above, as well as comprehensive basic courses in the Moroccan and Iraqi varieties. ‘The eleven books of this series, of which the present volume is one, are designed to serve as practical tools for the increasing number of Americans whose lives bring them into contact with the Arab world. The dictionaries, the reference grammars, and the basic courses are oriented toward the educated American who is a layman in linguistic matters. Although it is hoped that the scientific linguist and the specialist in Arabic dialectology will find these books both of interest and of use, matters of purely scientific and theoretical importance have not been directly treated as such, and specialized scientific terminology has been avoided as much as possible. As is usual, the authors or editors of the individual books bear final scholarly responsibility for the contents, but there has been a large amount of informal coopera- tion in our work. Criticism, consultation, and discussion have gone on constantly among the senior professional members of the staff. The contribution of more junior research assistants, both Arab and American, is also not to be underestimated. ‘Their painstaking assembling and ordering of raw data, often in manners requiring con- siderable creative intelligence, has been the necessary prerequisite for further progress. In most cases the books prepared by the Arabic Research Program are the first of their kind in English, and in some cases the first in any language. The preparation of them has been a rewarding experience. It is hoped that the public use of them will be equally so. The undersigned, on behalf of the entire staff, would like to ask the same indulgence of the reader as Samuel Johnson requested in his first English viidictionary: To remember that although much has been left out, much has been included. Richard S. Harrell Professor of Linguistics Georgetown University Director, Arabic Research Program Before his death in late 1964, Dr. Harrell had done the major part of the work of general editor for the last five books of the Arabic Series, and to him is due the credit for all that may be found of value in that work. It remained for me only to make some minor editing decisions, and to see these books through the process of proofreading and printing; for any errors or inadequacies in the final editing, the responsibility is mine alone. Wallace M. Erwin Associate Professor of Linguistics and Arabic Georgetown University viiiEDITORS’ INTRODUCTION This book is a dictionary of the colloquial Arabic spoken in Baghdad. Expres- sions peculiar to the area immediately south of Baghdad have been included, but because of practical limitations the quite distinct Iraqi dialects spoken in the other two major cities, Mosul and Basra, have not been considered. The Arabic dealt with is that used by an educated Iraqi in everyday speech. This volume is intended as a comprehension dictionary for native speakers of American English; that is, one designed to allow Americans to understand Iraqi Arabic, Like a monolingual English dictionary, it presumes a thorough knowledge of English. It is therefore not intended to help Iraqis reproduce English. ‘The use of this dictionary requires a basic knowledge of the structure and phonology of Arabic, and of the standard arrangement of an Arabic dictionary. For a treatment of the grammar of spoken Iraqi Arabic, the reader is referred to several available books, among them Wallace Erwin’s Reference Grammar of Iraqi Arabic} and McCarthy & Raffouli’s Spoken Arabic of Baghdad? The entries are ordered according to the traditional Arabic root system, with the roots arranged in accordance with the Arabic alphabet, including the purely colloquial Iraqi phonemes 9, é and g at positions dictated by phonology. Thus p follows b, é follows j (rather than &), and g follows g. Foreign borrowings and Arabic words no longer identified with their original roots (such as Jarbat) are listed alphabetically. In the case of some Persian and Turkish words which form compounds with Arabic words, the affix is listed separately, and also under the roots of the Arabic words it combines with (cf. -xaana and -sizz). Under the root, which is alphabetized by its main two, three, or four root consonants, are listed first the ten measures, or forms, of the verb. They are: fatal, fa€al, fatal, *af€al, tfa€€al, tfaa€al, nfiéal, ftital, fall, and staf€al. Many historically fourth-measure verbs in Iraqi Arabic have acquired perfect forms corresponding to those of first-measure verbs. Such originally fourth-measure verbs have been listed immediately after the true first measure. In accordance with traditional Arabic practice, verbs are listed in the third person singular of the perfect. The perfect is followed in parentheses by the stem vowel and the verbal noun or nouns. After the verbs come the nominal forms, arranged generally by length and complexity. Forms ending in i are followed by an asterisk when they follow the pattern: feminine -iyya, masculine plural -iyyiin, feminine * Wallace M. Erwin. 4 Short Reference Grammar of Iraqi Arabic. Washington: George- town University Press, 1963. *R. J. McCarthy, S. J., and Faraj Raffouli. Spoken Arabic of Baghdad: Part One. Beirut: Librairie Orientale, 1964. ixplural -iyyaat. Additional irregular plural forms follow the asterisk (e.g. baC6i* pl. ba€Giyya). The instance noun of a verbal noun, that is, a single instance of the action, or the product of it, is commonly indicated by the abbreviation “i.n.”, with no trans- lation (e.g., Camis frying, Camsa pl. -aat isn. of Camis—i.e., a single act of frying.) Similarly, the unit noun of a collective is simply defined by the abbreviation “un.n.”, with no translation, for the sake of economy—e.g., Caraz (coll.) nut(s). caraza pl. -aat un.n. of Zaraz. After the nominal forms come the elative and the active and passive participles. In glossing participles, we have not listed the verbal usages, as they are readily inferred from the preceding verb. Only the nominal and adjectival meanings are given. Where the participle functions only as such in Iraqi Arabic, it is not normally listed at all. Plurals of participles are not usually shown when the predominant usage is adjectival and inflection follows the usual adjectival pattern. When the participle is used primarily as a noun, the masculine plural is usually given (e.g., kaatib pl. -iin), Plurals which differ from the plural of the first nominal form or participle glossed (and in the case of verbs, the stem vowel and verbal nouns which differ from those of the first verb glossed) are placed in parentheses before the new definition (cf. Gidal under €-d-l). In all entries, idiomatic usages within a given semantic range follow the rest of the examples, and are set off by a double virgule. In those few instances where idiomatic expressions do not fit into any one meaning of the word, they are set in a separate paragraph at the end of the entry and marked with a paragraph sign. To delimit the semantic range and to show the syntactic aspects of the entries, numerous illustrative examples have been provided, particularly of verbs, adjectives, prepositions, and particles. Nouns have not usually been illustrated, except when they show unusual or idiomatic usages. In translating common Iraqi phrases and sentences used as illustrations, it was not always possible to keep the style equivalent in the two languages. An example is the commonly used noun jaahil. In many cases, it means “baby”; occasionally it can be translated as “boy” or “child”; but in most cases, the only word that sounded right in the same context was “kid”—definitely not on the same stylistic level as jaahil. The level of the English translation then is not to be relied on as an indication of the stylistic level of the Arabic original. The transcription used for the consonants of Iraqi Arabic is as follows in the alphabetical order used for the entries: #—glottal stop ; like the catch between the vowels in oh-oh. b—voiced bilabial stop ; similar to English 6 as in bake. p—voiceless bilabial stop ; similar to English p as in pole. t—voiceless dental stop ; similar to English # as in take. —voiceless interdental spirant ; similar to English th as in thank. i—voiced palatal affricate ; similar to English j as in jail. é& voiceless palatal affricate ; similar to English ch as in cheese.¢—voiceless pharyngeal spirant ; no English equivalent. «—voiceless velar spirant; no English equivalent but similar to German ch as in Bach. d—voiced dental stop ; similar to English d asin desk. 3—voiced interdental spirant;; simliar to English ¢h as in than. r—alveolar flap, generally voiced; unlike American English r, but somewhat similar to the t or d flap of American English Betty or body. z—voiced dental spirant;; similar to English z as in zeal. s—voiceless dental spirant; similar to English s as in seen. voiceless palatal spirant j similar to English sh as in sheep. s—voiceless dental spirant, velarized ; no equivalent in English. voiceless interdental spirant, velarized; no equivalent in English. t—voiceless dental stop, velarized ; no equivalent in English. é—voiced pharyngeal spirant ; no equivalent in English. —voiced velar spirant; no equivalent in English, but similar to some occurrences of French r. f—voiceless labio-dental spirant ; similar to English f as in fan. q—voiceless post-velar stop j no equivalent in English. ‘g—voiced velar stop ; similar to English g as in get. k—voiceless velar stop ; similar to English & as in kick. I—voiced alveo-dental lateral; unlike most English ’s, but similar to / in million as pronounced by some speakers. [voiced alveo-dental lateral, velarized; similar to English J in mill (treated as | in ordering of entries). m—voiced bilabial nasal ; similar to English m as in meat. n—voiced dental nasal; similar to English m as in neat. h—voiceless glottal spirant; similar to English h as in home. The semivowels are as follows: w—voiced high back rounded semivowel similar to English w as in way. y—voiced high front unrounded semivowel ; similar to English y as in yell. The above constitute the alphabet used in this book. In addition, Iraqi Arabic contains a number of long and short vowels which are not included in the alphabet. ‘The short vowels are as follows: a—short low central vowel ; the quality of this vowel varies with its environment and is similar to the English a as in father, or a sound between the vowels of father and fought, or bet and bat. i—short high front unrounded vowel; the quality of this vowel varies with its environment and is similar to the English i as in machine, or in bit, or in sister.o—short mid back rounded vowel; similar to the first part of the diphthong in English boat. u—short high back rounded vowel; the quality of this vowel varies with its environment, and is similar to the vowel of English doof, or to a sound between the vowels of bull and ball, or to the vowel sound of English book. ‘The long vowels are as follows: aa—long low central vowel ; this vowel, when not next to a velarized consonant, is between the vowels of English had and kod, but longer. Next to a velarized consonant, it ranges between the vowel of English hiod and haul. ee—long mid front unrounded vowel; this vowel is between the vowel sounds of English fez and phase, or else has diphthong quality, the first part being like the sound of eat, the second like the sound of let. it—long high front unrounded vowel similar to the # of English as in machine. oo—long mid back rounded vowel; this vowel, when not next to a velarized consonant, has the quality of the first element in the diphthong of English chose, of if next to a velarized consonant, it is similar to the vowel of English ball. uu—long high back rounded vowel; if next to a velarized consonant, it is between the vowel of choose and the first element of the diphthong of chose in English; otherwise it is similar to the vowel of English choose. In order to preserve the root, we have not shown the assimilation of root consonants to adjacent consonants. In addition, the assimilation of structural ele- ments indicating the measure of a verb has not been shown in the entry, in order to preserve the structure intact, In the illustrative examples, however, assimilation has been allowed to vary freely. Therefore, under the root s-d-m, the eighth measure is shown as stidam, but in any examples, it will generally appear as sfidam, and while the fifth-form verb of the root z-w-j will be shown as tzawwaj, examples, will vary from that to the more common dzawtaj or zzawwaj. ‘The material used in this dictionary is all original and was provided by the Iraqi native speakers on the staff, using a small number of radio scripts in colloquial Iraqi Arabic as a starting point from which to build a corpus. The standard works consulted for certain etymological questions were Hans Wehr’s Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, Steingass’ Persian-English Dictionary, and Hony's English-Turkish Dictionary Arabic entries and illustrative examples were provided by Faisal Al-Khalaf, Husain Mustafa, and, in the later stages, also by Majid Damah, Compilation was done by Darrel Smith, Ronald G, Wolfe, and the editors, The editing pro- *Hans Wehr. 4 Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, edited by J Milton Cowan, Ithaca, N. ¥.: Cornell University Press. 1961. 4B, Steingass. Persian-English Dictionary. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, Ltd., 1892. H.C. Hony. 4 Turkish-English Dictionary. London: Oxford, at Clarendon Press, 1957. xiicedure was set up and supervised by Karl Stowasser, who was the lexicographic consultant for the entire Arabic Research Program, Valuable assistance in handling grammatical points was provided by Wallace M. Erwin. Final editing and proofreading were the responsibility of Daniel R. Woodhead. ‘The editors wish to express their appreciation to Georgetown University for providing an academic home during the compiling of this dictionary, and, above all, to the authors of the National Defense Education Act and its administrators in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, who made possible for us its undertaking. Ww. B. D.R. W.Pbed t-a-b ?aab August. Pea-b-r-u faabru: warag Paabru construction paper, glossy and colored on the face, plain white on the back. Pra-b-ry Paabri P-a-O-ao-r Paasuuri* 1, Assyrian, referring to a Christian people living NE of Mosul in Traq. 2. an Assyrian, 3, Assyrian (lan- guage). Paty Paacug (invar.) 1. light, light colored. maawi Paacug light blue. 2. uncovered, unguarded (chiefly in backgammon). pus! Paacug an unguarded piece. 3. unemployed, idle. Aull @asdigaa®i itiglaw w-aani bgeet faatug. All my friends went to work and I remained idle. Pax *aax an exclamation, approx.: ow! ouch!, and a cry of distress, approx.: oh! Paax, raasi yoojaéni! Oh, my head hurts! *-a-d-m aadam Adam. || bani ®aadam (invar.) human being, man. aadmi pl. Pawaadim 1. human being, person. ma-ysiir t@aamilni hiiti. Paani Paadmi, muu Ealib, You can’t treat me that way. I'm a human being, not a dog. jiiraanna x00} awaadim. Our neighbors are nice people, 2. valet, man servant, 3. a good man, nice guy. || ®ibin @awwaadim man from a good family, well-bred man. faadmiyya pl, -aat 1. person (fem.), woman, girl. 2. a good girl. siiri Paadmiyya; la-tsawwiin hiiti ba€ad. Be a good girl; don’t do that again. tea-B-a-r aadaar March. P-ane-n-y-f Paagniif vai dominoes. Pars Paas pl. Parse Paasqi pl. -iyyaat 1. elastic, elastic fabri 2. suspenders. 3. garters. 4. coatrack, usu- ally a board with hooks, attached to the wall of an entryway. Also occasionally a stand, with a mirror, for the same purpose, *aabru. nt form of the game of -aat ace (playing cards). Peasy Paasya Asia. Paasyawi* 1. Asian. 2, Asiatic. P-a-F ?aai a thick type of soup made from several kinds of grains and vegetables. Paaiuur Assyria. Paaiuuri* 1. Assyrian 2. an Assyrian. Poach Paafa see under ?-aw-f. Peal faal, Pala see under ?-w-l. P-a-l-ao-b-a-l-ao Paalubaalu (coll.) variety of large cherries resembling plums. Paalubaaluwwa pl. faalubaate, ea taaluuta (coll.) a variety of dried plums. ?aaluuéaaya pl. -aat un. n, of Paaluuca, Pana *aana: Pabu 1-aana the one responsible, the one in charge. -aat un, n. of Pa-h Paah see under °-<-h, Peach Paahiin cast iron, eb fab pl. Paabaa? (for construct state, see P-b-w) 1. father. 2. Father (title of a Christian priest). [-@ab sarkiis. muw bil-kaniisa hassa, Father Sarkis isn't in the church now. aban: Paban Gan jidd for generations. hal-beet_mulukna @aban Ean jidd. This house has been our property for genera- tions. Pobebe abi pl. -iyyaat 1. main. Pabbi I-maay water main, 2. main line (elec.). 3. main switch, master switch (elec,). Pebed Pabbad to be eternal, perpetual, to last for- ever. x00 muu rac-it? abbid; laazim itmuut fadd yoom. Well you're not going to last forever; you've got to die some day. fabad (limited to a few phrases) Pabad ma- never. @abad ma-agul-la. V'l never tell him, fila [-?abad forever, to the end. haadaPebedes-x-a-n muxlis ila I-Pabad. He's faithful to the end. ma-Pansa faSlak Calayya Pila L-?abad. I won't ever forget the favor you did me. fabadi* eternal, everlasting. || nCikam Pabadi He was sentenced to life imprison- ment. Pabadan 1. /with neg./ never. @abadan ma-yiji hnaa, He never comes here. 2. at all, ma-€indi fluus Pabadan, I don’t have any money at all. 3. /alone/ never, not at all. *abadan! ma-agbal itrun€ wiyyaa, Never! I won't have you go with him. Pabedan! wala fakk Ealga. Not at all! He didn’t even open his mouth. muPabbad (limited to a few phrases) || magkuum mu?abbad sentenced to life imprisonment. Cukum mu?abbad a life sentence, sijin mu?abbad life imprison- ment. Pcbadesx-a-n Pabdasxaana toilet, especially that of a mosque. #5-8 *abuSiyya type of poetry in which homon- ymous endings are used for three lines and riya for the fourth, Usually used in song prologue, and popular in rural areas. fbr Pubra pl. Pubar 1. needle. 2. by extension, hypodermic syringe, and loosely, a shot, an injection. || Sa€faan, saayir @ubra wexeet, You're skinny. You've gotten thin as a rail (lit, needle and thread). Fibriig pl. @abaariig pitcher (for water). Pb fubut, Pubaat pl. Pubaataat armpit( jawwa I-fubut 1. underarm, armpit. 2, under the arm. Jaayil jariidta jawwa fubta, He’s carrying his newspaper under his arm, Aaada Pafwal minna hwaaya; yxallii jawwa ®ubta, That guy’s a lot taller than he; he can put him under his arm, || l-mu€aawin xaall il-mudiir jawwa Pubta, The assistant’s gotten the director under his control. haada -im€arrfa yil€ab ditranj? Pagdar axallii jawwa fubti. What does he know about playing chess? I can put him in my pocket. Pasdigaata xaiiaw jawwa Pubta w-xalloo gbiig hull famlaaka. His friends got hold of him and had him sell all his property. xa8i jawwa Pubta w-xallaa yisruf bull ifluusa Ear-raagisaat, He got hold of him and had him spend all his money on dancers. /never with definite article/ 1. the Pibliis stawla ala €agla. The Devil has gotten control of him. 2. Pabaaliis, Pabaalisa) devil. haada ?ib ma-yingulub, He's a devil; he can’t be beaten. ben Pabban to eulogize a deceased person, deliver a funeral sermon. Pabbana b-gasiida mumtaaza, He eulogized him with an excellent poem. 1a? biin commemoration, eulogizing. Caflat taPbiin commemorative celebration (in memory of a dead person). ta? biini* commemorative. Cafla ta® bii- niyya commemorative ceremony. bon Pibin pl. wilid 1. son. Pibni my son, and by extension, kid, sonny. @ibn il-amm (uncle’s son) = cousin on the father’s side. ibn il-xaal (uncle’s son) = cousin on mother’s side. ?ibn il-@ax (brother’s son) = nephew. Pibin Caraam illegitimate son, bastard, son of a bitch, stinker. *ibin gagba son of a whore, son of a bitch, stinker. *ibin @abux (his father's son) brave, clever man, 2. one of, one from, member of. ?ibin safi a member of my class. Pibin taraf and Pibn il-macalla man from the neighborhood. ?ibin wlaayti man from my home town. ibin idlaadiin a man of thirty. ibn is-sabit Jew. Pibin Carab an Arab. ?ibin @awaadim and Pibin Camuula honorable, respected, digni- fied man, Pibin nuss id-dinya man of great influence from an important family. bon faban see under ?-b. 2 -b-n-aw-s Pabanoos ebony. Pbk Pubbaha splendor, luxury, ostentation. Pb Pabu 1. (construct state of @ab) father. Pabuu his father. Pabuuk your father. abuuya my father. Pabu followed by name of oldest son: a friendly way of addressing or speaking of a man. By ex- tension, ?abu followed by a conventional male name: a form of address among friends to a man who is not married and has no children, ?abuuna (our father) respectful title for a Christian priest. 2. owner of, possessor of, one distinguished by fabu I-jaraayid the newspaper boy, newspaper vendor, kursi Pabu yaddteenP-0-7 arm chair. abu beet household manager. huscwa abu beet mumtaaz. yueruf ik- yiitiri, He's a fine manager of household affairs, He knows what to buy. || abu j-ia€al dung beetle. ?abu j-jinnecb crab. Pabu bres a type of small lizard. @abu flees miser, penny-pincher. labaween the parents. Ctiraam il- Pabaween waajib, Respecting the parents paternal, fatherly. waaj Pabawi paternal duty. Canaan Pabawi fatherly affection. Pubuwaca fatherhood, paternity. Pb-y abba to be careful, cautious, to proceed with caution, laazim tit?abba min ticd wiyyaa tara yit®ad8a, You should be careful when you talk to him or he'll take offense. laazim 1it?abba fadd tam yoom w-ba€deen Pukul ima triid. You should watch yourself for a few days and then eat whatever you want. laazim tiftabba mnil-barid li-Pannak marii8, You should stay out of the cold because you are sic Pinta ma-tit?abba Pilla waacid ykassir raasak sudug. You won't learn prudence until someone really breaks your head. ?abi* proud, prideful. faada ma- yigbal inhaana.’ nafsa Pabiyya. He won't take insults, He has a proud nature. walad #abi a proud boy. Pt-g Patag pl. -aat 1. slip. 2. petticoat, half-slip. et-m ma?iam pl, maPaatim 1. funeral proces- sion. 2. wake, mourning ceremony. °-6-0 faddad to furnish (a house, etc.) da- a?a00id il-beet ij-jidiid. 'm furnishing the new house. aba00 pass. of #ad0ad. Padaa0 furniture, furnishings. Poor Pasar /with b-, Zala/ 1. to affect, influ- ence, have an effect upon. $-Sarub ma- da-yPatdir bii, Beating doesn’t have any effect on him, had-duwa ma-da-yPa0dir biik ba€ad, That medicine doesn’t have any effect on you any more. kudrat ii-iurub im@addira Eala naSara, Too much drink- ing has affected his vision. /-mu€allim Pasoar Eala tafkiir talaamiida. The teacher influenced the thinking of his stu- dents, 2. to. move, touch emotionally. Céaayta Pabbirat biyya, His story moved me. 3, to anger, make mad. Sirab Paxuu Lisgayyir Eijil w-? adearni hwaaya. He slapped his little brother on the back of the neck and angered me very much, Waboar pass. of Pad0ar. I-lakka b-had- G00b wala tadorat bil-gasil. The stain in this shirt wasn’t affected at all by the washing, Ceeni tit? ad0ar bii-Samis. laazim Palbas manaaSir Jamis. My eyes are af- fected by the sun. I have to wear sun- glasses. Gaan il-filim mu?lim, eit? asar bii Aewaaya, The film was sad, and he was touched very much by it. fadear min iC taaytak ihwaaya. He got very mad at your remark. Pasar pl. Paadaar 1. track, print. Paasaar agdaam footprints. aadaar asaabig fingerprints. 2. trace, vestige. nhizmaw w-ma-tirkaw waraahum Pabar. They escaped without leaving a trace. Higaws @abar sarniix ib-migidta. They found a trace of arsenic in his stomach. 3. (mostly pl.) ruin, historical monument, antiquity. || Cilm il @aadaar archaeology. 4, effect. Sadar I-maraS bagda mbayyin Caleck. The effect of the disease is still showing on you. @ila Padar raj€i. It has retroactive effect. 5. impression. xitaaba tirak %abar Eamiig ib-nufuusna, His speech left a deep impression on us. Pasari* ancient, antique. gifaé nuguud Pabariyya. antique coins. Pataari (invar.) it seems, it turns out. Pabaari yriiduuni Paskun wiyyaahum Catta Pasruf Ealechum. It seems they want me to live with them so I can spend my money on them, €abaali jiiraanna mu€allim; Padaari Saabut, I thought my neighbor was a teacher; it turns out he’s an officer. ®aSaarithum min swlaayatna, It seems they're from our city. taPGiir effect. had-duwa ma-tila Pay ta?Giir Cala maraSak, This medicine has no effect on your illness. ziyaart ir-ra?iis rag-ykuun Pilha taPdiir gawi ala Calaagaaina, The president's visit will have a pronounced effect on our relations. ta? adeur emotion, agitation. t-ta®adour da-ybayyin Eala wutéa. Emotion is show- ing on his face. ma?éuur handed down, traditional. qawl ma?euur a traditional saying. mutasbir 1. touching, moving. gussat il-filim mu®addira, ‘The story of the movie is touching. 2. effective. hal- bundugiyya mu?adéira min masaafat xamis mit matir. This rifle is effective at a distance of five hundred meters.2-6-1 P01 Pagal tamarisk. *-0-m Pidam (i Pidim) to sin. Pidamit Lind alla, You sinned in the eyes of God. Pidim pl. Paadaam sin. Poy-r Pabiir ether. fpr Pajjar 1. to rent, let, lease. Pajjarni d-dukkaan maala. Fle rented me his shop. Pajjar-li beeti b-xo03 siGir. He leased my house for me at a good price. 2. to rent, hire, lease, ajjarna balam muddat saagteen. We rented a boat for two hours. fajjar pass. of Pajjar, maga I-Pasaf, il-bect it®ajjar il-baarca. V'm sorry, the house was rented yesterday. sta?jar to hire, rent, charter, minu sta? jar bectak? Who rented your house? Pajir reward, recompense. ®ajrak Cadiim ind Palla, Your reward will be great in Heave Pujra pl. Pujuur 1. rent, rental, hire. 2 pay (rate), wage (rate). igadd Pujurtak bil-yoom? How much is your pay per day? s-Jarika garrirat idzayyid Pujuur il-Cummaal, The company decided to increase the wages of the workers. 3, fee, rate, fare. Pujrat il-Raas bus fare. igadd il-@ujra ala hal-maktuub bit fiyyaara? How much is the airmail rate on this letter? *ujuur id-diraasa tuition. Piijaar rent, rental. aku yammkum beet lil-Riijaar? Is there a house for rent near you? ma? juur hired, bribed, bought. Camiil matjuur litistimaar. @ hired agent of perialism, haada waacid ma? juur. He's in the pay of someone. muPajjir pl. -iin landlord, lessor. mista®jir pl. -iin tenant, renter, lessee. Pj jer Paajirr (coll.) hard, overfired brick(s). Paajirra pl. ~aat a hard, overfired brick. e g Pajjal 1. to postpone, delay, defer, put off. Pajjalt is-safra maalti L-isbuu€ ij-jaay. I postponed my trip till next week. ma- Cindi fluus, tigdar it®ajjil-li hal-gisit? T haven't got any money. Can you defer this payment for me? Pajjilaw ij-jundiyya maalti ila s-sana j-jaaya. They deferred my military service till next year. Hajjal pass. of Pajjal, l-ijtimaa€ it?ajjal fila yom il-xamiis, The meeting’s been postponed to Thursday. Hitajil, min Pajil for the sake of, be- cause of. SaCCeet ib-wadiifti I-Pajlak. I sacrificed my job for your sake. min Pajil haada, ma-nigdar indayglak. Be- cause of this, we can’t employ you. fajal pl. Paajaal (appointed) time, instant of death. Pajala jaay. His time is coming, [-Paajaal b-iid Palla, Men’s lives are in God’s hands. ta®jiil pl. -aat delay, postponement. mu?ajjal 1. postponed, delayed, de- ferred. 2, sum of money arranged before marriage to be paid to the wife in the event of divorce. Pujun: Pujun Pujun bit by bit, slowly, carefully, gently. (yiji) var. of jaa, which see under FeaaCaad (pl.) the units (math. CCad, yoom il-Paccad Sunday. %acCad someone, anyone. ma-aku *aCCad iknaa, There isn’t anyone here. matCad, la€Cad no one, nobody. mat Cad xaabarak. No one called you. laf Cad yiTé. Don’t anyone say anything. see also a-€-d. °-C-ma Fina we. tx fax pl. Puxwa (in construct fuxwat-, Puxuut-), Pixwaan, xuwwaan (for con- struct state, see @-x-qw) 1. brother || /-fax polite term for a stranger. minu I-Pax sw-mineen? Who is the gentleman and where is he from? 2. brother (in a re- ligious or ideological sense). [-Pixwaan il-muslimiin ‘The Moslem Brotherhood. Yaxi (familiar form of address) friend, buddy, pal. Pox Puxut pl. xawaat 1. sister. || l-Puxt (polite form of address or way of referring to a woman of approximately the same age as the speaker; approx.:) the lady. 2. /with feminine nouns/ mate, twin, the same as. haay Puxut sayyaarti. This one is exactly like my car. |] Hirectha @uxt il-balaai, I bought it for next to nothing. 3. Baghdad boil, a long-term skin eruption which leaves a large, round, flat depression on healing. Paxd Paxad (yaaxud Paxid) 1, a. to take (some- thing). ®uau8 iigadd-ma triid. Take asPond much as you want, || I-xayyaat Paxa8-li fooldi. The tailor took my measurements, ind yaa rassaam Paxadit har-rasim? Which photographer's did you have this picture taken at? xal-naaxud haf-tariig. haada Pagsar. Let's take this road, It’s shorter, rag-aaxu8 hal-iugul Cala Eaatgi. I will take this job on myself. Paxad-la faal. He told his fortune, ntii Catir ifluus Catta yaaxu3-lak faal. Give him ten fils so he will tell your fortune. uxu8 girfa. saar loo laa? Face the facts, Did it happen or not? uxud girfa, Pawewal-ma xallas il-kulliyya, sar Pustaad, Face it. As soon as he finished college, he became a pro- fessor. b. to take, take away. minu Paxad qalami? Who took my pencil? ?ilcag-la. Lmaay *axa8a, Go get him. The current’s taken him. alla yaaxu8 ruugak! May God take your life! ?axa5 wagtda min banaathum, He married one of their daughters. ?axd00 jundi. ‘They took him into the army. axa5 wujihha, or Paxad bakaaratha, He took her virginity. || xalli nruug naaxud min xaatra, Let's go ease his mind (of grief, anger, etc). 2. to take along. rag-aaxdak aiyyaaya, V'll take you with me. 3. to get, receive, obtain, Paxadit jawaab loo baad? Did you get an answer yet? Paxadit xabar rag-yiji. I got word he’s coming. igadd taaxud bil-isbuu€? How much do you get per week? I-yoom naaxud ma€aaina, We get our pay today. 3gadd faxadit bil-Cisaab? How much did you get in arithmetic? r-raadyo maali ma-da-yaaxuS misir. My radio won't get Egypt. Paxadit Ceefak minna? Did you take your re- venge on him? laazim itruug il- daatirt il-bariid w-taax8 ir-ruzma b-nafsak. You have to go to the Post Office and pick up the package yourself. 4. to accept, take. Puxda Cala gadd Eagla, Accept him for what he is, la-taaxud kalaama raas, Don’t take what he says seriously. min gilit i-5ujul ma-da-yimii, Paxad Cala nafsa w-xi€al. When i said the work’s not moving, he took it personally and got mad. ma-agdar atfaaham wiyyaa, ma-yaaxu8 qw-ma-yinti. I can’t reach an understanding with him. He won't give and take. 5. a. to take, require. Cabaali Paxallis hai-iagla b-saaga laakin Paxdat nahaar kaamil, 1 thought I'd finish this job in an hour but it took a full day. b. to take up, occupy, take. hal-meex yaaxu8 makaan ihwaaya, This desk takes up a lot of room. rag-Paaxud is-sadir watdi w-artaag. Vm going to take the front seat to myself and be comfortable. 6. a. /with J-/ (to begin) to take on, acquire. Sall naaim Pila Pan saar Cumra Parbaatagai w-axad bit-tuul, He re- mained small until he was fourteen years old and then he took on some height. da-yaaxu8 bil-Curud lifan marta takkla zeen. He's getting fat because his wife feeds him well. b. to adopt, follow. ?uxud ib-ra?ya lian yiftikim. Follow his opinion because he knows what he is talk- ing about. «, to take up, take on, acquire, absorb, I-Caayit maaxid rufuuba, The wall’s taken up moisture. /-Pakil bil- quutiyya jaayif lian Paxad hawa. The food in the can is rotten because it got some air in it. 7. a. to catch, contract, get. Paxadit barid lian rijagit il-baarca bil-leel bil-mutar. I caught cold because I came back last night in the rain. ma- Pattigid Paxdat; laazim inwaddiiha lil- faCal marrt il-lux. 1 don't think she took; we'll have to take her to the stud again, b. to take hold, catch hold, catch on. j-jidri maali ma-Paxa8, My smallpox vaccination didn't take. Guudt if-iixeaat ma-da- taaxud, yimkin imballila, The match won't strike, Maybe it's wet. 8. to engage in, accomplish, make, take. uxud-lak farra bis-suug Pila Pan axallis jugli. Take a turn in the market till I finish my business. ba€ad-ma yugeud imnin-noom, yaaxud iinaaw, After he gets out of bed, he does push-ups. 9. to take up, assume, strike (a pose, position, etc.) Puxud wadié isti€daad min 1iCéi wiyya 3-Subbaat. Assume a position of attention when you speak to officers. @uxuS CaSarak mina, Be on your guard against him, || mix ymurr i-Saabut, @uxué-la salaam. When the officer passes by, give him a salute, 10, to take, catch, get the better of. Paxadni flaaca mlaaéa. Sall yiCéi muss saa wala xallaani ajaawba, He took me by storm. He kept talking a half hour and didn't give me a chance to answer him, Paxadni kraaxa; ma-ntaani majaal %ac Gi wala Gilma, He took me by storm; didn't give me a chance to say a word. Paxadni Cala gajta or Paxabni gaful, He took me by surprise, Paxabni n-noom min dinit da-agra j-jariida, Sleep overcame me while I Was reading the newspaper. *axdatha I-Gabra. She was overcome by sobbing.Pome faaxad to blame, censure. la-tPaaxba. ba€da jidiid. Don’t blame him, He’s still inexperienced. ntixad pass. of Paxad, tizad 1. to take, ttixadna bull it- tadaabiir i8-8uruuriyya, We took all the necessary measures, 2. to take on, assume, adopt. ttixad mawgif mu€aadi lil- Cukuuma, He took a position unfriendly to the government, /-Cukuuma tixSat garaar xatiir. The government adopted an important decision, 3. to take as, employ as, use as, ttixad maraSa Cijja Catta ma-yruug lij-iugul. He used his sickness as an excuse not to go to work, ttixadni Paala I-taggiig @agraada. He used me as a tool to achieve his ends. ?axid 1, taking, receiving, acceptance. 2. taking away, removal, || faxi8 w-radd dispute, controversy, debate. haaSa ma-bii %axid w-radd. ‘There’s no argument about that. Lgadiyya been Paxi8 w-radd, The matter is in dispute. muPaaxaba censure, blame, bala_mu- *aaxada, rac-adtarr aturkak, No offense, but I’m going to have to leave you. ener Paxxar 1. to delay, make late, hold up. Ball yicéi w-Paxxarni nuss saaga, He kept talking and delayed me a half hour, I-mutar *axxar tagaddumna. The rain slowed our advance. ariid il-Pijjaar waaCid bil-iahar, la-ykuun itPaxxra. 1 want the rent the first of the month. You're not to hold it up. 2. to postpone, put off, Paxxraw il-ijtimaaé ala muudi. ‘They postponed the meeting on my account, dizz il-maktuub il-yoom; la-tPaxxra Pila baatir, Send the letter today; don’t put it off till tomorrow. waxxar 1, to be delayed. cwusuul it fiyyaara @axxar nuss saaéa. The plane's arrival was delayed a half hour, 2. to become late, get late, be late. I-waht it?axxar. xalli mruug. It’s gotten late. Let’s go. I-mutar it?axxar has-sana, ‘The rain is late this year. lee} it*axxarit halgadd? I-flim bida hassa. Why'd you take so long? The movie's begun now. 3. /with Can/ to fall behind. t®axxar Can jamaa€ta li-Pan itmarrad is-sana Ffaatat, He fell behind his group because he got sick last year. Paaxir 1. pl. Pawaarir last, end, last portion. aaxir ii-jahar the last (part) of the month, hal-Cati ma-ila @aaxir. There’s no end to this talk. 2. last, final, haay Paaxir mara rag-agul-lak. This is the last time I'm going to tell you. ®aaxir kalaam, diinaareen. ‘The final price is two dinars. 3. latest. sayyaartak @aaxir moodeel. Your car’s the latest model. || Paaxir Hi, gal-li ma-yriid hal-wadiifa. Finally, he told me he didn’t want the job. Pila Paaxirihi ete., and so on. I-baarla billeel sikarna, w-li€abna qmaar, rina lil-kalladiyya, ?ila ®aaxirihi. Last night we got drunk, played cards, went to the red light district, and so on. Paaxar fem, uxra another. haada mawSuué Paaxar. That's another matter. jiaal il-Paaxar ma-gaal iii, The other man didn't say anything. || min qwakt iLPaaxar, inruug lil-masbag. From time to time, ‘we go swimming. ix (contr. of I-Paaxar) other. arjuuk, intiini Zaay laax. Please give me another tea. lux (contr, of l-fuxra) other. raaciini *iidak il-lux. Show me your other hand. Jifta marra lux. I saw him another time. Tfaaxra the hereafter, the world to come. faxiir 1. last. Pinta daa?iman Paxiir waaCid yoosal. You're always the last one to arrive, 2. latest. 9, rearmost. 4. rear, back, rear section, ma-aku mukaan ihnaa, ®ugéud bil-axiir, There's no room here. Sit in the rear. ?axiiran 1. finally, eventually. @axiiran, Hira s-sayyaara t-tanta. Finally, he bought the convertible, 2. lately. Hiahr il i-Fugul ma-taan zeen, laakin Paxiiran itZassan, Last month, business wasn't good, but lately it’s picked up. ta? xiir pl. -aat delay, postponement. mu? axxar 1. delayed, postponed. 2. sum of money agreed upon before marriage to be paid to the wife in the event of divorce. mitPaxxir 1. late, delayed. lee¥ hiiti mit@axxir? Why are you so late? 2. back- ward, underdeveloped. @ahil hal-mantiga bullif mit®axzriin. The people of this area are very backward. Poxtb-awt Puxtubuut pl, -aat octopus. Pax-ae faxu /construct state of Pax/. 1. brother. Paxuu his brother. Paxuuk your brother. axuuya my brother, 2. (by extension) pal, buddy, friend, 3. /with masculine nouns/ mate, equal, like, Jifit beet Paxu beeti tamaaman! 1 saw a house exactly like my house! haaSa fadd xoos walad. ma-185-0 yinligi @axuu. He’s a real nice guy. One like him can’t be found. || Jtireena hal- beet Paxu I-balaai, We bought this house dirt cheap. xuuya (familiar form of address) pal, buddy, friend. faxawi* brotherly, fraternal. Cub Paxawi 1. brotherly love, deep friendship between two men. 2. platonic friendship with a girl, ?ixaa? brotherhood, fraternity. _jam- Civyat il-fixaa? il-watani Society of Na- tional Brotherhood. fuxucwwa friendship, brotherhood. la tsawwi hiiti Padyaa? Pida triid Puxuw- watna_tistamirr, Don't do that sort of thing if you want our friendship to last. ta?aaxi friendship. t-ta®aaxi beenkum y€ajjib. The friendship between you is amazing. Pd-at Padaat, see P-d-x. Pade #addab 1. to rear properly, bring up right, teach manners, yiShar ahlak ma- Paddibook. Apparently your family didn’t bring you up right. 2. (by extension) to teach a lesson. 15a ma-tiskut, tara aji *ataddbak. If you don't shut up, I'll come and teach you a lesson. 3. to punish, discipline, min yiji Pabuuk Pagul-la yaddbak, When your father comes I'll tell him to punish you, #addab to be or become polite. addab, lak! la-tiCG hiidi giddaam in-niswaan, Watch your manners, you! Don't talk like that in front of women. Padab pl. Paadaab 1. literature. -kulliyyt ifaadaab College of Arts. 2. manners, breeding, upbringing. galiil il-@adab lack- ing in manners. 3. (pl. -aat) toilet. Padabsize pl. -iyya mannerless, crude, boorish, impolite. Yadabi* literary. majalla %adabiyya literary magazine. *adabiyyan morally, socially. _*inta Padabiyyan mas?uul an Pibnak. You're morally responsible for your son. #8a ma-tsallim €alecha, @adabiyyan ma- saciic. Té you don’t say hello to her, it’s not socially correct. fadiib pl. Pudabaa® writer, literat ta?diib discipline. ciplinary board. mu®addab well-mannered, well brought author, majlis ta®diib dis- up. walad bullif mu®addab a very well brought up boy. P-d-b-x-a-m ?adabzaana pl, -aat toilet, rest room, w.c. P-d-m Paadmi see under °- #-d-wo Padaat pl. Padawaat 1. tool, piece of equipment, and by extension, a person being used as a tool. || @adaat it-ta€riif the definite article (gram.). 2. piece, part (of a machine, etc). adawaat iCtiy- aatiyya spare parts. ed-y Pada 1. to lead. (see also wadda under w-d-y.) hat-tariig ween y®addi? Where's this road lead? Camalak haada yPaddi Pila nataa?ij xatiira. This action of yours will lead to serious consequences. 2. to carry out, discharge, do, fulfill. J-3urti Yada swaajba. The policeman did his duty. has-sayyaara 1? addi I-matluub. ‘This car will do what you require. 3. to per- form, execute, render. I-Caras adda taciyya l-Pamiir il-liwaa®, The guard rendered a salute to the major general. || *adda l-yamiin il-gaanuuniyya. He took the oath of office. 4. to pay, hand over. %i8a ma-t?addi l-ifluus, ma-axalliik -m. tilag. If you don't pay the money, I won't let you leave. 2-8-a PiSa 1. if, Pi8a si?al anni, gul-la aac If he asks lis-siinama, about me, tell 2. whether, if. iriiha Paw ma-yiitiriiha, tinbaae @aani yoom. Whether he buys it or doesn’t buy it, ill be sold some other day. Zilla *i5a except that, unless. rag- aitiki Ealeek Pilla %i8a ntectni fluusi Lyoom. Till take you to court unless you give me my money today. eben ?i8ra see under 8-r-y. 3m #i8an (i) to give permission. minu Pi8an- lak itxuié ib-hal-gurfa_? Who gave you permission to enter this room? #a8éan to give the call to prayer. (see also w-8-n). 2a88an i8-8uhur loo baad? Has he called the noon prayer yet? staan to ask permission. laazim tista®8in gabul-ma titlaé. You should ask permission before you leave. ?i8in permission, authorization. b-%i5a illaak God willing, with God's permission, ?idin (f.) pl. *idaanaat ear. /the8-0 sing, can be used for plural also, eg./ sirfaw ?iSinka, They pierced her ears. || ati 8m if-taria, Pay no attention to him (lit, give him the deaf ear). #idaan pl. -aat ear /the sing. can be used for sing, and pl./ #a8aan pl. -aat a call to prayer (see also «w-5-n). ma? Suuniyya pl. authorization, "8-8-1 #i8an (formal equivalent of lagad) there- fore, then, ¢i5an ma-ra¢-tiji? Then you're not going to come? ?idan, Gala hal-Cati, ma-raC-tigdar tiitugul. Therefore, from what's been said, you won't be able to work. eb-y fa88a 1. to hurt. hiddni; da-tadSiini, Let me go; you're hurting me, 2. to harm, do harm. 5a ma-tismaé kalaama, yad5iik, If you don’t listen to what he says, he can do you harm. 3. to damage, do damage. I-mutar @a38a e-zarié has sana, Rain damaged the crops this year. 4, to molest, annoy, irritate, trouble, pester. Pda fall iadSitha, yjuuz itCawwirha. If you keep on pestering her, you might injure her. Paa8a = ad8a, diir baalak la-t?aadi j-jaahil, Careful you don't hurt the ki jliraani da-y@aadiini hewaaya. My neigh- bor's annoying me a lot. 1a88a 1. to get hurt, hurt oneself. readSeet ikwaaya min hai-Faraaka, Wve hurt myself a lot in this partnership. 2. to feel hurt, feel sorry. faS3ect ihwaaya min sima€it xabar faslak. I was very sorry to hear about your getting fired. 3. to be hurt, suffer. fa58a hwaaya b-iabaaba, He suffered a lot in his youth. Jugli 1@a88a hecaaya ful ramaSaan. My business has suffered a lot all Rama- dan, ?ada 1. harm, damage, injury. 2. trouble, grief, misfortune. 3. annoyance, trouble, irritation, taSiyya pl. -aat trouble, annoyance. muudi, mu?8i 1. harmful, damaging, injurious, noxious, 2. hateful, spiteful, mean, offensive, 3. annoying, irksome, ir- ritating, troublesome. Por-tconane, tirtiwaazi® artesian well. er6 tirid = wirid, which see under w-r-0, -aat permission, artesian. biir irtiwaaxi Pores Parrax to date, affix the date to. Ja-tinsa #arrix il-maktuub gabul-ma ddizea, Don't forget to date the letter before you send it. taariix pl. tawaariix 1, date. taariix il-yoom today’s date. ila hat-taariix to date, to this date. 2. history. taariix Cayaat life story, biography. taariixi* historical. historical site. mu?arrix pl, -iin historian, chronicler. ford-n mawgi taariixi Lfardun Jordan. nahr il-®ardun the Jordan River. jarg il-fardun Trans- Jordan, farduni* 1. Jordanian, 2. a Jordanian, Pore fare cedar, cedar tree. er8 ?ar8 1. earth, ground, I-Par$ the earth, 2. (pl. araaSi) land, piece of land. Pardi* 1. ground, faabig ParSi ground floor. 2. (pl. -iyya) electrical ground, ground wire. ParSiyya pl. -aat 1. floor. 2. ground, background (of a fabric, painting, ete.). 3. charge for use of floor space, storage charge. 9, £0784 (pl only) termites. 4 Yirag (i Parag) to have or get insomnia. Piragit il-baarca bil-leel w-ma-gdarit anaam, 1 got insomnia last night and couldn't sleep. *arag insomnia. Porm-n Parmani* pl. Parman 1. Armenian, 2. an Armenian, Pepeneb Parnab pl. Paraanid rabbit. Popeavel Parwal pl, Paraaceil monitor lizard, uran, Perayel Paryal pl. -aat aerial, antenna. Penta fazeaati pl. -iyya pharmacist, druggist. fazearaana pl. -aat pharmacy, drug store. t-2-m faream to become critical. I-Caala Wazzmat ba€ad suguut il-wizaara. The situation got critical after the fall of the cabinet. Pazma pl, -aat crisis, Pasetea-8 Pustaad pl. Pasaatiba 1. professor. 2. master, Pustaad bii-ditranj a master at