Motor 2.

0 l de 85 kW
Cuaderno didctico n.o 93

(VWDGRWpFQLFR'HELGRDOFRQVWDQWHGHVDUUROOR\PHMRUDGHO
SURGXFWR ORV GDWRV TXH DSDUHFHQ HQ HO PLVPR HVWiQ VXMHWRV D
SRVLEOHVYDULDFLRQHV
1RVHSHUPLWHODUHSURGXFFLyQWRWDORSDUFLDOGHHVWHFXDGHUQRQLHOUHJLVWUR
HQXQVLVWHPDLQIRUPiWLFRQLODWUDQVPLVLyQEDMRFXDOTXLHUIRUPDRDWUDYpV
GH FXDOTXLHU PHGLR \D VHD HOHFWUyQLFR PHFiQLFR SRU IRWRFRSLD SRU
JUDEDFLyQRSRURWURVPpWRGRVVLQHOSHUPLVRSUHYLR\SRUHVFULWRGHORV
WLWXODUHVGHOFRS\ULJKW
7,78/20RWRUOGHN:QR
$8725,QVWLWXWRGH6HUYLFLR
6($76$6GDG8QLSHUVRQDO=RQD)UDQFD&DOOH
5HJ0HU%DUFHORQD7RPR)ROLR+RMDO
DHGLFLyQ
)(&+$'(38%/,&$&,16HSWLHPEUH
'(36,72/(*$/%
3UHLPSUHVLyQHLPSUHVLyQ7(&)2726/
&LXWDWGH*UDQDGD%$5&(/21$

0RWRUOGHN:
/DJDPDGHPRWRUL]DFLRQHVSDUD,EL]D&yU
GREDVHKDLQFUHPHQWDGRFRQODLQFRUSRUDFLyQ
GHHVWHPRWRUGHJDVROLQDGHO\&9
&RQHOOR6($7PHMRUDODRIHUWDGHVXVYHKtFX
ORVFRQXQPRWRUSHQVDGRSDUDUHVLVWLUFRQGLFLR
QHVH[WUHPDVVLQGHMDUGHUHVSHWDUHOPHGLRDP
ELHQWH
'HVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDPHFiQLFRKD\TXH
UHVDOWDUODVHQFLOOH]HQVXVFRPSRQHQWHVTXHHQ
QLQJ~QFDVRHVWiUHxLGDFRQODVDOWDVSUHVWDFLR
QHV\DVHJXUDXQEDMRPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHOPRWRU
/DJHVWLyQ0RWURQLF0(HVODHQFDUJDGD
GHJREHUQDUHOPRWRULQFRUSRUDQGRHQWUHRWUDV
IXQFLRQHVODGHDFHOHUDGRUHOHFWUyQLFR
(QWRGRVORVSDtVHVHQORVTXHVHFRPHUFLD
OL]DHOPRWRUFXPSOHFRPRPtQLPRODVQRUPDV
GHHPLVLyQGHJDVHVGHHVFDSHH[LJLGDV
'HXQPRGRJOREDOVHSXHGHGHFLUTXHHO
PRWRUFXPSOLUiGLIHUHQWHQRUPDWLYDDQWLFRQWDPL
QDFLyQVHJ~QHOSDtVHQTXHVHFRPHUFLDOLFHHO
YHKtFXOR
(QFXDOTXLHUFDVRODEDVHPHFiQLFDHVOD
PLVPD\ODVGLIHUHQFLDVSULQFLSDOHVVRQODPRGL
ILFDFLyQGHOSURJUDPDGHODXQLGDGGHFRQWUROGH
PRWRU\ODHOLPLQDFLyQRDQXODFLyQGHDOJXQRV
HOHPHQWRVSDUWLFLSDQWHVHQODIXQFLyQ(2%'
SDUDORVSDtVHVVXGDPHULFDQRV



NDICE
&$5$&7(567,&$6
0(&1,&$ 
&,5&8,72'(5()5,*(5$&,1 
,1<(&&,1'(&20%867,%/(
&8$'526,137,&2  
6(1625(6 
6,67(0$'($,5(6(&81'$5,2 
(648(0$(/e&75,&2
'()81&,21(6 
$872',$*126,6 

1RWD/DVLQVWUXFFLRQHVH[DFWDVSDUDODFRPSUR
EDFLyQDMXVWH\UHSDUDFLyQHVWiQUHFRJLGDVHQHO
0DQXDOGH5HSDUDFLRQHV\HQODGLDJQRVLVJXLD
GDGHO9$6

CARACTERSTICAS

7DSDGHGLVHxR

&RUUHD
GLVWULEXFLyQ

%ORTXH

'

(OEORTXHHVWiFRQVWUXLGRHQIXQGLFLyQJULV\
GLVSRQHGHFLQFRDSR\RVSDUDHOFLJHxDO$GH
PiVOOHYDDWRUQLOODGRVFXDWURLQ\HFWRUHVGHDFHLWH
SDUDODUHIULJHUDFLyQGHORVSLVWRQHV
/DERPEDGHDFHLWHHVGHOWLSR'XRFHQWULF\
ODDFFLRQDHOFLJHxDODWUDYpVGHXQDFDGHQD
/RVSLVWRQHVVHKDQGLVHxDGRGHIRUPDTXH
VH DOLJHUH HO PD\RU SHVR SRVLEOH GH ODV PDVDV
PyYLOHVGHOPRWRU&RQHVWRVHORJUDXQDPD\RU
UHVLVWHQFLDDODIDWLJD\UHGXFFLyQGHOFRQVXPR
(OFiUWHU HVWiIDEULFDGRHQIXQGLFLyQGHDOX
PLQLR

/DGLVWULEXFLyQVHUHDOL]DPHGLDQWHXQDFR
UUHD GHQWDGD SDUD GLVPLQXLU OD UXPRURVLGDG GHO
PRWRU
/DFXODWDHVGHIOXMRFUX]DGR\FRQVWUXLGDHQ
DOXPLQLR$WUDYpVGHHOODVHUHDOL]DHOGHVDORMR
GH ORV YDSRUHV GHO FiUWHU KDFLD HO FROHFWRU GH
DGPLVLyQ
/D DSHUWXUD GH YiOYXODV VH UHDOL]D PHGLDQWH
XQ~QLFRiUEROGHOHYDVHQFDEH]DTXHDFW~D
VREUHHPSXMDGRUHVKLGUiXOLFRV

'$7267e&1,&26

&859$'(3$5<327(1&,$

/HWUDVGHPRWRU $=/

7DO \ FRPR VH SXHGH DSUHFLDU HQ OD JUiILFD

VHWUDWDGHXQPRWRUGLVHxDGRSDUDRIUHFHUXQD
DOWDHQWUHJDGHSDUDEDMDVUHYROXFLRQHV(VWRVH
FRQVLJXH SULQFLSDOPHQWH JUDFLDV D OD ODUJD FD
UUHUDGHORVFLOLQGURV
/DPi[LPDHQWUHJDGHOSDUPRWRUVHREWLHQHD
ODV  USP VLHQGR pVWH GH  1P \ OD
Pi[LPDSRWHQFLDGHOPRWRUN:VHDOFDQ]DD
ODVUSP


&LOLQGUDGDFP
'LiPHWUR&DUUHUD  PP
5HODFLyQGHFRPSUHVLyQ  
3DUPi[LPR 1PDUSP
3RWHQFLDPi[LPD N:DUSP
6LVWHPDGHLQ\HFFLyQ
\HQFHQGLGR %RVFK0RWURQLF0(
2UGHQGHHQFHQGLGR 
2FWDQDMH PtQLPRRFWDQRV
1RUPDWLYDGHFRQWDPLQDFLyQ VHJ~QSDtVHV


3DU1P

3RWHQFLDN:

(QFDVRVH[FHSFLRQDOHVHVSRVLEOHXWLOL]DURF
WDQDMHGHSHURDFHSWDQGRXQDSpUGLGDGHSR
WHQFLD

5pJLPHQPLQ

'

MECNICA
(/(0(17260(&1,&26

7DSDGHYiOYXODV

/RVHOHPHQWRVPHFiQLFRVGHOPRWRU OGH
N:VHUHFRJHQHQHOGLEXMRGHODGHUHFKD\
WLHQHQVLPLOLWXGFRQORVSHUWHQHFLHQWHVDPRWRUHV
GHODIDPLOLD($
&RPR QRYHGDG HO FRQMXQWR ELHODSLVWyQ VH
KD PRGLILFDGR SDUD UHGXFLU SHVR GH ODV PDVDV
PyYLOHVGHOPRWRU
/DXQLyQHQWUHHOVRPEUHUHWH\ODELHODHVGHO
WLSRXQLyQSRUURWXUD\DGHPiVHVWiWDODGUDGD
ORQJLWXGLQDOPHQWHSDUDSHUPLWLUODySWLPDOXEULFD
FLyQGHOEXOyQ
/DIDOGDGHOSLVWyQVHUHFXEUHFRQXQDFDSD
GHJUDILWRSDUDGLVPLQXLUHOFRHILFLHQWHGHUR]D
PLHQWRGHOSLVWyQFRQHOFLOLQGUR
/RVUHWHQHVGHOFLJHxDO\GHOiUEROGHOHYDV
VRQGHWHIOyQ37)ORTXHLPSOLFDPiVGXUDELOL
GDG GH ORV PLVPRV 3DUD HO PRQWDMH GH HVWRV
UHWHQHVHOHMHVREUHHOTXHVHDSR\DHOODELRGH
HVWDQTXHLGDGGHEHHVWDUVHFR\H[HQWRGHJUDVD
RDFHLWH
(OFROHFWRUGHHVFDSHHVWiFXELHUWRSRUXQD
FDUFDVDGHDOXPLQLRTXHSURWHJHGHOFDORUH[FH
VLYRORVHOHPHQWRVGHOYDQRPRWRU
6REUHHVWDFDUFDVDVHDORMDODYiOYXODPHFi
QLFDSDUDODLQ\HFFLyQGHDLUHVHFXQGDULRHQHO
FDVRGHTXHHOPRWRUHVWpHTXLSDGRFRQHVWHVLV
WHPD
(O FROHFWRU GH DGPLVLyQ HVWi IDEULFDGR HQ
DOXPLQLR (Q YHUVLRQHV SRVWHULRUHV GHO PRWRU
VHUi GH PDWHULDO SOiVWLFR DXQTXH PDQWHQLHQGR
ODPLVPDHVWUXFWXUD
/D FXODWD HV GH IOXMR FUX]DGR \ VREUH HOOD
HVWiILMDGRHOiUEROGHOHYDV/RVDSR\RVVRQGH
DOXPLQLR\OXEULFDGRVDWUDYpVGHRULILFLRVPHFD
QL]DGRVHQODSURSLDFXODWD
/D ERPED GH OtTXLGR UHIULJHUDQWH HVWi XEL
FDGDHQHOLQWHULRUGHOEORTXHPRWRU\HVDFFLR
QDGDSRUODFRUUHDGHODGLVWULEXFLyQ

(VWiUHDOL]DGDHQDOXPLQLR
SDUDSHUPLWLUXQDPHMRU
HYDFXDFLyQGHOFDORU
$WUDYpVGHHOODVHUHDOL]DOD
GHVDLUHDFLyQGHYDSRUHVGHO
LQWHULRUGHOPRWRU

3LVWRQHVGHDOXPLQLR
DOLJHUDGRV
%LHODVFRQXQLyQSRUURWXUD
\WDODGUDGDV
ORQJLWXGLQDOPHQWHSDUD
OXEULFDFLyQGHOEXOyQ
3LHVGHELHODGHVHFFLyQ
WUDSH]RLGDO

3LVWRQHV\ELHODV

6RSRUWHGHILOWUR
$WUDYpVGHpOSDVDHODFHLWH
LPSXOVDGRSRUODERPEDGH
OXEULFDFLyQ
,QFRUSRUD
HOUDGLDGRUGHDFHLWH
ODYiOYXODGHUHJXODFLyQ
WDUDGDDEDUHV
XQDYiOYXODDQWLUUHWRUQR
\HOFRQPXWDGRUGH
SUHVLyQGHDFHLWH

&XODWD

(VGHIOXMRFUX]DGR
FRQVWUXLGDHQDOXPLQLR
$ORMDDORVHPSXMDGRUHV
KLGUiXOLFRV
3DUDVXGHVPRQWDMHVH
QHFHVLWDHO~WLO7

%RPEDGHDFHLWH

(VXQDERPEDGH
HQJUDQDMHVLQWHULRUHV
/DDFFLRQDHOFLJHxDOD
WUDYpVGHXQDFDGHQD
(QHOLQWHULRULQFRUSRUDXQD
YiOYXODGHVHJXULGDGWDUDGD
DEDUHV

%ORTXHPRWRU
(VWiIDEULFDGRHQIXQGLFLyQ
$ORMDHQVXLQWHULRUODERPED
GHOtTXLGRUHJULJHUDQWH\HO
WHUPRVWDWR
(OFLJHxDOVHILMDDOD
EDQFDGDDWUDYpVGHFLQFR
DSR\RV
(ODSR\RFHQWUDOLQFRUSRUD
GRVFRMLQHWHVD[LDOHV

&iUWHUPRWRU
(VWiUHDOL]DGRHQIXQGLFLyQ
GHDOXPLQLR
6HXQHDOFDPELRGH
PDUFKDVPHGLDQWHWUHV
WRUQLOORVTXHUHIXHU]DQHO
FRQMXQWRPRWRSURSXOVRU

'

CIRCUITO DE REFRIGERACIN
&,5&8,72'(5()5,*(5$&,1

DSHUWXUDDORV R&GHWHPSHUDWXUDGHOOtTXLGR
UHIULJHUDQWH
(OYDFLDGRGHOOtTXLGRUHIULJHUDQWHGHOUDGLDGRU
VHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQD YiOYXODGHYDFLDGR
VLWXDGDHQODSDUWHLQIHULRUGHOPLVPRMXQWRDOD
WXEHUtDGHUHWRUQRGHOOtTXLGRUHIULJHUDQWHKDFLDHO
PRWRU
6L VH GHVHD GHVDORMDU HO OtTXLGR UHIULJHUDQWH
TXH TXHGD UHWHQLGR HQ HO PRWRU HV QHFHVDULR
OLEHUDU HO PDQJXLWR GH HQWUDGD DO UDGLDGRU GH
DFHLWH

(O OtTXLGR UHIULJHUDQWH HV LPSXOVDGR D WUDYpV

GHOFLUFXLWRSRUXQDERPEDGHDOHWDVGHPDWHULDO
SOiVWLFRTXHHVDFFLRQDGDSRUODFRUUHDGHGLVWUL
EXFLyQ
(O WHUPRVWDWR VH HQFXHQWUD HQ HO EORTXH
PRWRUGHQWURGHXQDORMDPLHQWRHIHFWXDGRSDUD
WDOILQHQHOEORTXH
(VWiFRQVWUXLGRHQ FHUD \UHJXODHO SDVRGHO
OtTXLGRUHIULJHUDQWHTXHHQWUDHQHOPRWRUSURYH
QLHQWHGHOUDGLDGRU&RPLHQ]DDGHMDUSDVDUFDX
GDO D SDUWLU GH  R& REWHQLHQGR VX Pi[LPD

0DULSRVDGH
JDVHV
'HSyVLWRGH
H[SDQVLyQ

7UDQVPLVRUGH
WHPSHUDWXUDGHO
OtTXLGRUHIULJHUDQWH

5DGLDGRUGHOD
FDOHIDFFLyQ

%RPEDGH
DOHWDV

7HUPRVWDWR

5DGLDGRUGH
DFHLWH

9iOYXODGH
YDFLDGRGHO
UDGLDGRU
5DGLDGRU
'

INYECCIN DE COMBUSTIBLE

%RPED

'HSyVLWRGH
FDUEyQDFWLYR

)LOWUR

&ROHFWRUGH
DGPLVLyQ

,Q\HFWRU

7XERGHDLUH

5HWRUQR

&RQGXFWRGH
HQWUDGDGH
DLUH

'LVWULEXLGRU
GH
FRPEXVWLEOH

5HJXODGRU
GHSUHVLyQ

'

&,5&8,72'(&20%867,%/(

(O FLUFXLWR GH FRPEXVWLEOH VH KD PRGLILFDGR

FRQUHVSHFWRGHOUHVWRGH,EL]D&yUGRED
(Q ORV PRWRUHV  O \  O HO UHJXODGRU GH
SUHVLyQ VH LQFRUSRUD MXQWR DO ILOWUR GH FRPEXVWL
EOH
3RUHOFRQWUDULRHOPRWRUOWLHQHLQVWDODGR
HQHOH[WUHPRGHOGLVWULEXLGRUGHFRPEXVWLEOHHO
UHJXODGRUGHSUHVLyQDOLJXDOTXHODWXEHUtDGH
UHWRUQRKDFLDHOGHSyVLWR
6REUHODPHPEUDQDGHOUHJXODGRUGHSUHVLyQ
DFW~DHOYDFtRGHOFROHFWRUGHDGPLVLyQFRQ
ORTXHODSUHVLyQGHFRPEXVWLEOHYDDYDULDUHQ
IXQFLyQ GH OD FDUJD GHO PRWRU \ YD D VHU FRQV
WDQWHHQUHODFLyQDODSUHVLyQGHOFROHFWRUGHDG
PLVLyQ
(VWDFRQILJXUDFLyQHYLWDODSRVLELOLGDGGHIRU
PDFLyQGHEXUEXMDVHQHOWXERGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
GHFRPEXVWLEOHGHELGRDOFDORU

3RURWURODGRSDUDPHMRUDUODFRPEXVWLyQ\
GLVPLQXLUODVHPLVLRQHVFRQWDPLQDQWHVORV
LQ\HFWRUHVYDQEDxDGRVSRUDLUHDGLFLRQDO
(VWH VLVWHPD FRQVLVWH HQ OD LQWURGXFFLyQ GH
DLUHMXVWRHQHORULILFLRGHVDOLGDGHOLQ\HFWRU'H
HVWD IRUPD VH FUHD XQD FRUULHQWH TXH PHMRUD OD
GLIXVLyQGHOFRPEXVWLEOH \SRUORWDQWRKRPR
JHQHt]DODPH]FOD
(O VLVWHPD FRQVWD GH XQD WRPD GH DLUH GHV
SXpVGHOPHGLGRUGHPDVDTXHHVFRQGXFLGDD
WUDYpV GH XQ WXER $ HVWH WXER VH FRQHFWDQ ORV
LQ\HFWRUHV
/DSURSLDDVSLUDFLyQHQORVFLOLQGURVIXHU]DHO
SDVR GH DLUH SRU HO WXER GLVWULEXLGRU KDFLD ORV
LQ\HFWRUHVSRUORTXHHOFDXGDO\ODYHORFLGDGGH
HQWUDGD GHO DLUH DGLFLRQDO YDQ D HVWDU OLJDGRV D
ODVUHYROXFLRQHVGHOPRWRU

CUADRO SINPTICO

&RQVXOWH
GLGiFWLFR
1R
SiJ

7UDQVPLVRUGHWHPSHUDWXUD
GHODLUH*

1R
SiJ

0HGLGRUGHPDVDGHDLUH*

8QLGDGGHFRQWURO
GHOPRWRU-

7UDQVPLVRUGHUpJLPHQ*

7UDQVPLVRU+DOO*
1R
SiJ

6RQGDODPEGDDQWHULRU
DOFDWDOL]DGRU*
6RQGDODPEGDSRVWHULRU
DOFDWDOL]DGRU*

1R
SiJ

&RQHFWRUGH
GLDJQyVWLFR
7

3RWHQFLyPHWURVGHOD
PDULSRVD*\*

7UDQVPLVRUGHWHPSHUDWXUD
GHOOtTXLGRUHIULJHUDQWH*
1R
SiJ

8QLGDGGHFRQWURO
GHODGLUHFFLyQ
HOHFWURKLGUiXOLFD-

6HQVRUGHSLFDGR*

8QLGDGGH
FRQWUROGHO
DLUEDJ-

6HQVRUGHSLFDGR*

1R
SiJ

7UDQVPLVRUGHSRVLFLyQGHO
DFHOHUDGRU*\*

1R
SiJ

&RQPXWDGRUGHHQFHQGLGR\
DUUDQTXH'6HxDOGHERUQH

1R
SiJ

,QWHUUXSWRUGHSHGDOGH
IUHQR)\)

1R
SiJ

,QWHUUXSWRUGHSHGDOGH
HPEUDJXH)

1R
SiJ

%RUQH')DOWHUQDGRU

1R
SiJ

6HxDOGHYHORFLGDG

1R
SiJ

6HxDOHVVXSOHPHQWDULDV
5HJXODGRUGHYHORFLGDG

8QLGDGGHFRQWURO
GHO$%6-

8QLGDGGH
FRQWUROSDUD
ODUHGGH
DERUGR-

8QLGDGGH
FRQWUROGHOD
FOLPDWL]DFLyQ
-[[[

10

&XDGURGH
LQVWUXPHQWRV-

$OLJXDOTXHHQHOUHVWRGH,EL]D&yUGRED
ODXQLGDGGHFRQWUROHVWiXELFDGDHQHOYDQR
PRWRUHQXQVRSRUWHWUDVHOILOWURGHODLUH
(QODJHVWLyQGHPRWRU 0RWURQLF0(
HVGHGHVWDFDUHODFHOHUDGRUHOHFWUyQLFR\HO
FRQWUROGHODIXQFLyQ(2%'

&RQVXOWH
GLGiFWLFR

5HOpGHODERPED-\
ERPEDGHFRPEXVWLEOH*

)81&,21(6$680,'$6
,1<(&&,1'(&20%867,%/(

(OHFWURYiOYXODVGH
LQ\HFFLyQ11

&RQWUROGHOFDXGDOLQ\HFWDGR
,Q\HFFLyQVHFXHQFLDO
6LQFURQL]DFLyQSDUDDUUDQTXHUiSLGR
'HVFRQH[LyQGHPDUFKDSRULQHUFLD
/LPLWDFLyQSRUUpJLPHQPi[LPRGHUHYROXFLR
QHV

1R

SiJ

(1&(1','2
7UDQVIRUPDGRUGH
HQFHQGLGRGREOH1

&RQWUROGHODYDQFHGHHQFHQGLGR
5HJXODFLyQGHSLFDGRVHOHFWLYDSRUFLOLQGURV

1R
SiJ

6,67(0$'(&$5%1$&7,92

&RQWUROGHHPLVLRQHVGHOGHSyVLWR
&RUUHFFLyQPHGLDQWHUHJXODFLyQODPEGD
(OHFWURYiOYXODSDUDHO
GHSyVLWRGHFDUEyQDFWLYR
1

1R
SiJ

$FWXDGRUGH
PDULSRVD*

1R
SiJ

&DOHIDFFLyQVRQGD
ODPEGDSRVWHULRU=

1R
SiJ

&DOHIDFFLyQVRQGD
ODPEGDDQWHULRU=

1R
SiJ

5HOp-SDUD
ERPEDGHDLUH
VHFXQGDULR9

1R
SiJ

7HVWLJR(3&.

1R
SiJ

7HVWLJRGLDJQRVLV
H[FHVRGH
FRQWDPLQDFLyQ.

(67$%,/,=$&,1'(/5$/(17
5HJXODFLyQGHOUpJLPHQGHUDOHQWt
$PRUWLJXDFLyQGHFLHUUH
(VWDELOL]DFLyQGLJLWDOGHUDOHQWt

(2%'

&RQWUROGHOWHVWLJROXPLQRVR
&RQWUROGHODUHJXODFLyQODPEGD
'LDJQRVLVGHOVLVWHPDGHDLUHVHFXQGDULR
'LDJQRVLVGHOFDWDOL]DGRU
'LDJQRVLVGHOFLUFXLWRGHFDUEyQDFWLYR
'LDJQRVLVGHODVFRPEXVWLRQHV

$872',$*167,&2
&RQ FDGD HOHPHQWR VH LQGLFD D VX ODGR HO
GLGiFWLFR\SiJLQDHQTXHHVWiQH[SOLFDGRV
/RVHOHPHQWRVTXHDTXtVHPXHVWUDQFRUUHV
SRQGHQDPRWRUHVFRQQRUPDWLYDDQWLFRQWDPLQD
FLyQ (8,9 R 7,(5 FRQ (2%' 3DUD FLHUWRV
SDtVHV HV SRVLEOH OD FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ GH HVWH
PRWRUVHJ~QODQRUPDDQWLFRQWDPLQDFLyQ86
(Q HVH FDVR GHVDSDUHFH HO WHVWLJR . OD
IXQFLRQDOLGDG GHO VLVWHPD GH DLUH VHFXQGDULR \
ODVIXQFLRQHVGHOVLVWHPD(2%'
1RWD3DUDPiVLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHODVIXQFLRQHV
GHOVLVWHPDFRQVXOWHHOGLGiFWLFRQR0RWUR
QLF0(\SDUDODVIXQFLRQHVHVSHFtILFDV
GHO(2%'FRQVXOWHHOQR0RWRUO99

1R
'
SiJ
'

11

SENSORES
$FRQWLQXDFLyQVHSUHVHQWDQORVVHQVRUHV\DXVDGRVHQDQWHULRUHVJHVWLRQHVGHPRWRUUHVXPLpQ
GRVHORVGHWDOOHVSURSLRVGHFDGDXQR\UHVDOWiQGRVHODVQRYHGDGHVTXHDSRUWDQDKRUD

'

'

'

621'$/$0%'$3267(5,25$/&$7$/,=$'25
*
3DUWLFLSDHQHOFRQWUROGHODUHJXODFLyQODPEGD\HQODYLJL
ODQFLDGHOFDWDOL]DGRUGHODIXQFLyQ(2%'
6H LQVWDODUi HQ WRGRV ORV YHKtFXORV DXQTXH HQ DTXH
OORVSDtVHVTXHQRLQFRUSRUHQHOVLVWHPD(2%'HOGLDJQR
VLVGHOFDWDOL]DGRUQRHVWiDFWLYR

75$160,6257(03(5$785$'(//48,'2
5()5,*(5$17(*
6HWUDWDGHXQDUHVLVWHQFLD17&
(QFDVRGHDXVHQFLDRIDOORHQODVHxDOODWHPSHUDWXUD
WRPDUi XQ YDORU GH  R& R  R& HQ IXQFLyQ GH VL HVWi
LQWHUUXPSLGDRFRUWRFLUFXLWDGD
(QHVWRVFDVRVODXQLGDGGHFRQWUROGHWHFWDODDYHUtD\IXQ
FLRQDSRUFXUYDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDHOWLHPSR
WUDQVFXUULGRGHVGHTXHVHSDUySRU~OWLPDYH]HOPRWRU
0(','25'(0$6$'($,5(*
(V XQ PHGLGRU GH PDVD TXH GHWHFWD ODV FRUULHQWHV GH
UHIOXMR
,QFRUSRUDODUHVLVWHQFLD17&GHOVHQVRUGHWHPSHUDWXUDGH
DLUHGHDGPLVLyQ*
(QFDVRGHDYHUtDODXQLGDGXWLOL]DODVHxDOGHOSRWHQ
FLyPHWUR GH OD PDULSRVD GH JDVHV * SDUD VDEHU TXp
FDQWLGDGGHDLUHHQWUDDOPRWRUPHGLDQWHXQFiOFXORLQWHUQR6L
HVWDVHxDOWDPELpQIDOODHOPRWRUVHSDUD
75$160,625'(5e*,0(1*
(VXQVHQVRUGHWLSRLQGXFWLYR
6LH[LVWHIDOORRDXVHQFLDGHHVWDVHxDOFRQHOPRWRUHQ
PDUFKDpVWHVHSDUD(VSRVLEOHDUUDQFDUHOPRWRUSRVWHULRU
PHQWHDXQTXHHOUpJLPHQGHOPRWRUTXHGDOLPLWDGRDXQ
Pi[LPRGHUSP\HOUDOHQWtVHHOHYDDUSP

&RQVXOWH
GLGiFWLFR

1R
SiJ

1R
SiJ

1R
SiJ

1R
SiJ

'

'

75$160,625+$//*
6H DWRUQLOOD D OD FXODWD PHGLDQWH XQ SOHWLQD TXH KDFH GH
VRSRUWHSDUDHOHOHPHQWRGHPHGLFLyQ
(Q FDVR GH DYHUtD GHO VHQVRU HO PRWRU VLJXH IXQFLR
QDQGR HQ FDVR GH HVWDU HQ PDUFKD R VHUi GLILFXOWRVR
DUUDQFDUORVLHVWiSDUDGR
(QFXDOTXLHUDGHORVGRVFDVRVVHDFWLYDUiHOWHVWLJRDQWL
FRQWDPLQDFLyQ.VLVHWUDWDGHXQYHKtFXORFRQ(2%'

12

1R
SiJ

SISTEMA DE AIRE SECUNDARIO

/RVPRWRUHVOGHN:TXHFXPSOHQ
IDVHVDQWLFRQWDPLQDFLyQ(8,9R7,(5LQFRUSR
UDQXQVLVWHPDGHDLUHVHFXQGDULRWDO\FRPR
VHPXHVWUDHQHOHVTXHPDLQIHULRU
6XFRPSRQHQWHSULQFLSDOHVODERPEDGHDLUH
VHFXQGDULR9TXHVHDORMDHQWUHHOUDGLDGRU
\HOPRWRU
(O VLVWHPD VyOR HQWUD HQ IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GX
UDQWHHODUUDQTXHHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSRWUDQV

%RPEDGHDLUH
VHFXQGDULR9

FXUULGRGHVGHOD~OWLPDSDUDGDGHOPRWRU\GHOD
WHPSHUDWXUDGHOOtTXLGRUHIULJHUDQWH
'HHVWDIRUPDHOVLVWHPDIXQFLRQDUiGXUDQWH
PLQXWRDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHVLHOPRWRUHVWiIUtR
\VyORVHJXQGRVVLODWHPSHUDWXUDGHOOtTXLGR
UHIULJHUDQWHHVWiHQWUHR&\R&
3RUHQFLPDGH R &GHWHPSHUDWXUDGHO
OtTXLGRUHIULJHUDQWHHOVLVWHPDGHDLUHVHFXQGD
ULRQRHVDFWLYDGRSRUODXQLGDGGHFRQWURO

9iOYXODGHDLUH
VHFXQGDULR
'HODERPED
GHDLUH
VHFXQGDULR
9

$OFROHFWRU
GHHVFDSH

&DWDOL]DGRU
'

9/98/$'($,5(
6(&81'$5,2

(VODYiOYXODHQFDUJDGDGHHYLWDUODHQWUDGD
GHJDVHVGHHVFDSHHQHOFLUFXLWRGHDLUHVHFXQ
GDULRFXDQGRODERPED9QRHVWiDFWLYDGD
6HVLW~DVREUHHOSURWHFWRUWpUPLFRGHDOXPL
QLRTXHFXEUHHOFROHFWRUGHHVFDSH
(VWiFRQVWLWXLGDSRUXQDPHPEUDQDWHUPR
UHVLVWHQWHRSULPLGDSRUODDFFLyQGHXQPXHOOH
/DSUHVLyQGHODLUHHQYLDGRSRUODERPED
9YHQFHDHVWHPXHOOHSDUDTXHODYiOYXOD
DEUDSDVR
8QWXERPHWiOLFRLQWURGXFHHODLUHHQHOLQWH
ULRUGHOFROHFWRUGHHVFDSH\ILQDOPHQWHHOSUR
SLRFROHFWRUORGLVWULEX\HDFDGDXQRGHORV
RULILFLRVGHODFXODWDSDUDOOHYDUORDODVDOLGDGH
ODVYiOYXODVGHHVFDSH
(OIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODYiOYXODHV WRWDO
PHQWHPHFiQLFRQRH[LVWLHQGRHOHFWURYiOYXOD
GHFRQWUROSDUDHOVLVWHPDGHDLUHVHFXQGDULR

'

13

ESQUEMA ELCTRICO DE FUNCIONES

S
75A

30

86

30

S
15A

J643

J17
87

S
5A

86

85

87

85

30
S
10A

S
10A

N152

G39
T16

28

W
DF

B
G

14

&2',),&$&,1'(&2/25(6
6HxDOGHHQWUDGD
6HxDOGHVDOLGD
$OLPHQWDFLyQGHSRVLWLYR
0DVD
6HxDOELGLUHFFLRQDO
6HxDO&$1%XV

/(<(1'$

S
5A

S
5A

&
))
)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

S
10A

S
10A

J299

V101

J234

58

60

T50

T49

J104

11

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

15

J285
T4R/1

K83
T2/7

-
-
-[[[
.

T4R/2

J500

K132

.
1
1
1
1
1

T2/8

S2/9

S2/12

J519
S6/3
A10

S6/5

1
0
7
9
=
=

A9

Jxxx

$OWHUQDGRU
,QWHUUXSWRUHVGHSHGDOGHIUHQR
,QWHUUXSWRUGHSHGDOGHHPEUDJXH
%RPEDGHFRPEXVWLEOH
7UDQVPLVRUGHUpJLPHQ
6RQGDODPEGDDQWHULRUDOFDWDOL]DGRU
7UDQVPLVRU+DOO
7UDQVPLVRUGHWHPSHUDWXUDGHODLUH
6HQVRUGHSLFDGR
7UDQVPLVRUGHWHPSHUDWXUDGHOOtTXLGRUHIULJH
UDQWH
6HQVRUGHSLFDGR
0HGLGRUGHPDVDGHDLUH
7UDQVPLVRUGHSRVLFLyQGHODFHOHUDGRU
6RQGDODPEGDSRVWHULRUDOFDWDOL]DGRU
7UDQVPLVRUGHSRVLFLyQGHODFHOHUDGRU
$FWXDGRUGHPDULSRVD
3RWHQFLyPHWURGHPDULSRVD
3RWHQFLyPHWURGHPDULSRVD
5HOpGHODERPEDGHFRPEXVWLEOH
8QLGDGGHFRQWUROGHO$%6
8QLGDGGHFRQWUROSDUD0RWURQLF
8QLGDGGHFRQWUROGHODLUEDJ
5HOp GH DOLPHQWDFLyQ GH ODV ERELQDV GH
HQFHQGLGR
&XDGURGHLQVWUXPHQWRV
5HOpSDUDODERPEDGHDLUHVHFXQGDULR
8QLGDG GH FRQWURO GH OD VHUYRGLUHFFLyQ HOHF
WURKLGUiXOLFD
8QLGDGGHFRQWUROSDUDODUHGGHDERUGR
5HOpGHSUHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHFRPEXVWLEOH
8QLGDGGHFRQWUROGHODFOLPDWL]DFLyQ
7HVWLJR GH GLDJQRVLVH[FHVR GH FRQWDPLQD
FLyQ
7HVWLJR(3&
(OHFWURYiOYXODGHLQ\HFFLyQGHOFLOLQGUR
(OHFWURYiOYXODGHLQ\HFFLyQGHOFLOLQGUR
(OHFWURYiOYXODGHLQ\HFFLyQGHOFLOLQGUR
(OHFWURYiOYXODGHLQ\HFFLyQGHOFLOLQGUR
(OHFWURYiOYXOD SDUD HO GHSyVLWR GH FDUEyQ
DFWLYR
7UDQVIRUPDGRUGHHQFHQGLGRGREOH
/XFHVGHIUHQR
&RQHFWRUGHGLDJQRVLV
%RPEDGHDLUHVHFXQGDULR
&DOHIDFFLyQVRQGDODPEGDDQWHULRU
&DOHIDFFLyQVRQGDODPEGDSRVWHULRU

6(f$/(6683/(0(17$5,$6

&RQWDFWR


'

15

5HJXODGRUGHYHORFLGDG

AUTODIAGNOSIS
3DUD DFFHGHU DO VLVWHPD GH GLDJQyVWLFR HV
QHFHVDULRHQWUDUDWUDYpVGHOFyGLJRGHGLUHFFLyQ
(OHFWUyQLFDGHPRWRU
/DVIXQFLRQHVVHOHFFLRQDEOHVVRQODVUHVDOWD
GDVHQODLPDJHQDGMXQWD

)81&,21(6
$XWRGLDJQyVWLFRGHOYHKtFXOR

(OHFWUyQLFDGHPRWRU
$01
/97,(5
&RGLILFDFLyQ
&yGLJRGHWDOOHU

6HOHFFLRQDU
ODIXQFLyQGHGLDJQyVWLFR


&RQVXOWDUODPHPRULDGHDYHUtDV



'LDJQyVWLFRGHHOHPHQWRVDFWXDGRUHV



,QLFLDUDMXVWHEiVLFR



%RUUDUODPHPRULDGHDYHUtDV



)LQDOL]DUODVHVLyQ



&RGLILFDUODXQLGDGGHFRQWURO



/HHUEORTXHGHYDORUHVGHPHGLFLyQ



/HHUYDORULQGLYLGXDOGHPHGLFLyQ



$GDSWDFLyQ



3URFHGLPLHQWRGHDFFHVR
'HVEORTXHR3,1
$GDSWDFLyQGHOFDQDOSLQ



&yGLJRGHGLVSRQLELOLGDG
/RFDOJXLDGD
GHDYHULDV

0yGXORGH
PHGLFLyQ

,UD

,PSULPLU

$\XGD

'

)81&,1&2168/7$5/$0(025,$'($9(5$6

(QODPHPRULDGHDYHUtDVGHODXQLGDGGHFRQWUROVHUHFRJHQORVIDOORVGHORVVHQVRUHV\DFWXD
GRUHVFRORUHDGRVGHDPDULOORHQHOVLJXLHQWHFXDGURVLQySWLFR\ORVFRORUHDGRVGHQDUDQMDVRQ
UHJLVWUDGRVSRUHOFXDGURGHLQVWUXPHQWRV/DORFDOL]DFLyQGHODDYHUtDGHEHUHDOL]DUVHDWUDYpVGHOD
GLDJQRVLVJXLDGD

'

16

)81&,1',$*167,&2'((/(0(1726$&78$'25(6

/DIXQFLyQ'LDJQyVWLFRGHHOHPHQWRVDFWXDGRUHVDFWLYDORVVLJXLHQWHVHOHPHQWRV
HOHFWURYiOYXODGHSyVLWRGHFDUEyQDFWLYR1
UHOpGHODERPEDGHDLUHVHFXQGDULR-
YiOYXODGHLQ\HFFLyQFLOLQGUR1
YiOYXODGHLQ\HFFLyQFLOLQGUR1
YiOYXODGHLQ\HFFLyQFLOLQGUR1
YiOYXODGHLQ\HFFLyQFLOLQGUR1

)81&,1/((5%/248('(9$/25(6'(0(',&,1

&RQHVWDIXQFLyQVHYLVXDOL]DQORVSULQFLSDOHVYDORUHVGHWUDEDMRGHOPRWRU
(QODVLJXLHQWHWDEODVHLQGLFDHOVLJQLILFDGRGHFDGDFDPSR
1R'(
*5832

&$0326'(,1',&$&,1




UpJLPHQGHOPRWRU
USP

WHPSHUDWXUDGHOOtTXLGR
UHIULJHUDQWH
R&

UHJXODFLyQODPEGDDQWHULRU
DOFDWDOL]DGRU


HVWDGRGHOPRWRU
[[[[[[[[



UpJLPHQGHOPRWRU
USP

PDVDGHDLUHDVSLUDGR
JV

iQJXORGHODPDULSRVD
R

iQJXORGHHQFHQGLGR
R927



UpJLPHQGHOPRWRU
USP

WHQVLyQGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ
9

WHPSHUDWXUDGHOOtTXLGR
UHIULJHUDQWH*
R&

WHPSHUDWXUDGHODLUH
DVSLUDGR
R&



UpJLPHQGHOPRWRU
USP

FDUJDPRWRU


YHORFLGDGGHOYHKtFXOR
NPK

HVWDGRGHFDUJD
WH[WR



UpJLPHQGHOPRWRU
USP

FDUJDPRWRU


IDOORHQFHQGLGRWRWDOHV


GHWHFFLyQGHIDOORVDFWLYDGD
WH[WR



IDOORHQFHQGLGRFLO


IDOORHQFHQGLGRFLO


IDOORHQFHQGLGRFLO


GHWHFFLyQGHIDOORVDFWLYDGD
WH[WR



IDOORHQFHQGLGRFLO


OLEUH

OLEUH

GHWHFFLyQGHIDOORVDFWLYDGD
WH[WR



HVWDGRIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
VRQGDODPEGDDQWHULRU
[[[

HVWDGRIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
VRQGDODPEGDSRVWHULRU
[[[

OLEUH

OLEUH



UHJXODGRUODPEGD
DQWHULRU


WHQVLyQODPEGD
DQWHULRU
9

OLEUH

OLEUH



UpJLPHQPRWRU
USP

WHPSHUDWXUDGHOFDWDOL]DGRU
R&

OLEUH

YHULILFDFLyQHQYHMHFLPLHQWR
VRQGDODPEGDDQWHULRU
WH[WR



WHQVLyQODPEGD
SRVWHULRU
9

YHULILFDFLyQHQYHMHFLPLHQWR
VRQGDODPEGDSRVWHULRU
WH[WR

OLEUH

OLEUH



UpJLPHQUHDOGHOPRWRU
USP

UpJLPHQWHyULFRGHOPRWRU
USP

VLQDSOLFDFLyQ

HVWDGRRSHUDWLYRGHO
FRPSUHVRU
WH[WR

17

AUTODIAGNOSIS

1R'(
*5832

&$0326'(,1',&$&,1




UpJLPHQPRWRU
USP

UpJLPHQPRWRU
YDORUWHyULFR
USP

UHJXODFLyQGHUDOHQWt


HVWDGRVSDUDODFRUUHFFLyQ
GHOUDOHQWt
[[[[[



SRVLFLyQSRWHQFLyPHWURGH
PDULSRVD*


SRVLFLyQSRWHQFLyPHWURGH
PDULSRVD*


WUDQVPLVRUSRVLFLyQ
DFHOHUDGRU*


WUDQVPLVRUSRVLFLyQ
DFHOHUDGRU*




YHORFLGDG
NPK

SRVLFLyQFRQPXWDGRUHV
HPEUDJXHIUHQR\*5$
[[[[

YHORFLGDGWHyULFDGH
UHJXODGRUGHYHORFLGDG
NPK

SRVLFLyQGHFRQPXWDFLyQ
*5$
WH[WR



FyGLJRGHFRQIRUPLGDG
[[[[[[[[

WHPSHUDWXUDGHOOtTXLGR
UHIULJHUDQWH*
R&

WLHPSRGHVGHHODUUDQTXH
VHJXQGRV

HVWDGRVFRQWDGRU(2%'


)81&,1$'$37$&,1

0HGLDQWHHVWDIXQFLyQHVSRVLEOHPRGLILFDUHOUpJLPHQGHOPRWRUDUDOHQWt
(VWRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHOFDQDOVLHQGRSRVLEOHODYDULDFLyQGHOQ~PHURGHUHYROXFLRQHVHQWUH
\USP
(VWDRSHUDFLyQVyORVHHIHFWXDUiHQFDVRVH[FHSFLRQDOHV\DTXHODJHVWLyQGHPRWRU0(UHD
OL]DODDXWRDGDSWDFLyQGHOUpJLPHQGHUDOHQWt

)81&,1&',*2
'(',6321,%,/,'$'

$XWRGLDJQyVWLFRGHOYHKtFXOR
&yGLJRGHGLVSRQLELOLGDG

/DFRQVXOWDGHOFyGLJRGHGLVSRQLELOLGDGHVHO
HTXLYDOHQWHDODFRQVXOWDGHOFyGLJRGHFRQIRU
PLGDG
3HUPLWHYHULILFDUVLORVWHVWVGHFRPSUREDFLyQ
GH ORV VLVWHPDV SHUWHQHFLHQWHV DO (2%' UHDOL
]DGRVSRUODXQLGDGGHFRQWUROVRQFRUUHFWRV
(VWH FyGLJR HV HOLPLQDGR FDGD YH] TXH VH
ERUUDODPHPRULDGHDYHUtDVRVHGHVFRQHFWDOD
EDWHUtD
3XHGH JHQHUDUVH D WUDYpV GH /RFDOL]DFLyQ
JXLDGDGHDYHUtDVRGHODIXQFLyQ$MXVWH
EiVLFRGHODXWRGLDJQyVWLFR

18

(OHFWUyQLFDGHPRWRU
$01
/97,(5
&RGLILFDFLyQ
&yGLJRGHWDOOHU

6HOHFFLRQDU
ODIXQFLyQGHGLDJQyVWLFR

7HVWLQFRPSOHWR

/RFDOJXLDGD
GHDYHULDV

0yGXORGH
PHGLFLyQ

,UD

,PSULPLU

$\XGD

'

CAS93cd