Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy Edited by Fathi Habashi ‘Volume II: Primary Metals Secondary Metals Light Metals ® WILEY-VCHReargcomnm Preface rweemitee stint potherctin py ene sess ‘Siete tg apeiceeta eooceareccip eee noeeeem tenon ol Tie ng “Seat ry ss * A a ieeaoace Souter Siimewaiteidtasre Sviatenmcnrs : Ssacasende Scammer. a Stents ERTS ES, +i pe core re oe ES enoese masons canoe Sees Soret alec rere ee Se fw ray Soe Es Sa ‘ic ene cin Hn ese | ,geeveacenae a ee Eee Siena Reon eet reindSacarciess Sa cecrenitpha dae Lee om ‘Muar hwe ates Knowledge oma ening: RPEAOON eae Seer tome oer =r as are iSlagy an emit hemac ese 2 See aloe af mele ‘Seals deta of hws nar PR week. ema ee Seah pega tre ea moaned miuaaly fos dawnt ir ste Pepeaine Seanad | Rivnstestooy ia eisinpaaat «Sore te Igo wot of eke eee Newtons eter ‘Segment | latte oct (Betta ete ee ‘caf at ey Chena Exper’ ‘Tam pif eer VE Ves stl oer By yo fo ent fe et ake ope eit eat reste Iame fare es Kara Sow wn flowed oe At Halos hoped atthe Fj save nope 18 alJean Fang Mori Lal Une oe Epc mec ‘Spm et abi wae court re ptt a ‘Selene come er Soe Ee nt cer ‘Sty weave ti How il a females (rom or dons bt van ea forbsennee mean Table of Contents otone Part One The Metal Industry 1 Than Ceo 5 fepetngot wes 2. { bpPdmaMenle Port Two Rerrous Metals, 6 Sa ie 4 Female ‘es Vole I 77 j 10 Zoe | Parr Four Secondary Metals 1 Amey ms Port Five Light Metals Vote Part Six Precious Metals Part ‘seven Part Eighe Part Nine Part Ten Part leven Port Twelve Refractory Metals 2 haya Seattered Metals 34 Gene 3 Tun Radioactive Metals Rare Earth Metal etme 17 erroalloy Metals ‘Steen Akal Metals a9 191 tas) osom i Part Three Pat Adaline Earth Metts Primary Metals Tarien Sedat 2 thors ass _ . x fe Name Inde... 8 ue ele[s oF im Sanject Index. ..208 ifs fer a x [ea] se |v | cra] ro be | ose] ¥ 2 |e oo] Rh Fe me 1 | 1 [ce[me)ns|om fs] [oe ASSESSSSScesccc)t 8 Copper tren 4m. 4613 cm tg 8 82 By papei Sein 22 Chomal ope, a = ‘et Cpe Cm Se Th Siete: est Cot = 1D Seen ‘eat arn s te meet oan Sa = Bd Rog 2s 2 Caper ome m84. Introduction oly Bone ements lor tert 1 eran oly ser neon ei ee ec osepanuieaieea us canon alas, pray as aod ee gear Ce Tesi pvc ‘Buti let rahe dango ‘aya Acting ml. egos. etre or Ape) ws he Serna n f Cypnay Somes Reapog Gre sheep auc SRL Ree ‘Ene he ume need pam, et ‘Sinton Theta rhe igre ert ett omega wet a ‘Recor earned heplepe cae (Ghia orgy) coe ee, ‘Seca ra apt "Ao wis and, om he ey pthread at of Wen ‘Seeded tr sign mea eel ‘try 2-20, The et mata fd by ‘ese man ow pnd ope ae Seenienee ie Tree eg Insuber ase wig Un scaty Se dele coger inlet ‘feminine woe pesmedione te Seeing am TI nit ted an ming ine oe me Sass rou Sete coon eent Sees Sones eee Botan Sopescthe Spica Feeney sneer oe er eee ganas Bape eee ee eee Peon Sacer een gecgumemenas Seat aia Saas seem int c cocaine Sears Shigeo ens LS ected Pe oveeeeeeetoralare Steele oan as Beare mas meee Sra Svar Se pre my eH ag een ett ely fm Sree Seen ts sere eee [aoa ee ee es 9) hme bee acre get, The Lecce Fiesta jaye ‘i ena 8) mie a uc me nay cE. She Io ars it ined 82. Physical Properties“ Man pope of lic append on es tov copper ete otk Qa) ae eoneecs ‘ees Ts denn et ti "Te vos proper ad SSL vid Sao so ‘yest impersonal ten). ‘eof sper ene ms NS SePOaet cc io (eho eu BS Sistem Tete aoie ce pew gut meng iis he aig Foe mente 3 af which Seehing he gan etcn Caiesaciogeria Sth teepatope ererig cma sce, Ame pone, Sem dc ie bi, pin, 2 nclg peace 7 pe uewinacene tan so ee Goel acy ies eh Segall fe ilove diac to nr ia ea aes ee Pad ‘SEUSGotgtt epi nana 22 ‘SSinefarkas gon oid oe & Santina ate 1g DOE COS Pox ceps yong a aR “he domty ofeonmmc come depots tae wn tin Decee cottsopalin orca Saco etn Sa es te ep SEE per, lien te wacgey ata thea igs ee af ah Recline Sere ee SEeoaahcepae, ERAS, tec ctheemesfmeres ch irae eat el ne ele eereenr eee pour buccamapnsticont Santen areet “Fagen opel mechan ap Sacer — = Ese a saute _ ee Saas Seva see sieveene a0 Cede etc Ai mci mr gechge Soe npr cual evaguny ‘Mecano neat meta a es we et oat oe Sos ss scene dice ee Ca Sie ie en heading ‘ring inmecss teers se tele| Thermal Proper, npn femal va Seng eried'watecoppe; sve ure empl tT The Sec weenie Satrem ree att Boerne See sone eet wad nb Unie Scheer ore eanasectE Srior ree ee To cea ae poeemee eis ead ve mane eet Seetoass sens fr ni cng pe orton gly Cogr may eso a tt enc y cl ng nme oboe taing eet fhe feta vue Tee a ge le he [Sere copper tn iowersiomduciy ae eng a Evia aereetar plane Sain eee uBio Nem gS), tl he Lecter See eas Sess ‘Caine ema rr Dex edna we get er Fromage pcr cnsnon maeTee die oe 3 eco t? eighth mts ceorn coe eaten, ela ede Soe Fan (Ge) wis pce Mtl ‘is ah ee ‘ps et aoe anemone s Hi __ Desai Ste ah (125) Sige ceed ei 1S seis 1, ce ere en pain compton wi owe o ere “Beavo n Ae Cope in ey a om ‘enponare soiy dca +a pee ‘Sit eoppar) ee Orig 9h imate tae cyanins icareot ‘Fery Se ne pte whch ce Sy fe es th se ‘Seas Gis Sia ou cocng ‘Ste ey nin he oe of ac ‘Stastny he eee fc tie" Ciper nh alin for fe ‘Mic uu hype se ‘ace nosnlog sch is ‘Sin bet hi ‘Disltn of ope poser ao fron of cpise - Snes pe Siete eae Sa pecterrro aerate ‘iy ated yea pone ee ees mete Semitic 7 Corde 29-90 M1 ou ‘pet nap ition daa or Sis aha sour incor C21 So sot pent Snes SS eet so come Cp Ast cri ore erste Sieteeeeemnce™ Seema ceeee heater sak ecm Some yon comity se ae (neat form ee The sbi fa lowe Sr i, ng rpertonal he ‘sue oro te pr res bo be tleser den no Hons te ‘clue Hyannis pe say Be ‘Ste itseonty nl sna vole root used ogee sof mee iepe eapeaa0tiny ce a praca niin de {Si copper ieccatons erly So et ‘ct wi copper A ucepton. eye (Gyo actan peri fo ‘he Maly expinie eapper sce Coe, sn Ca et ete ee ‘tated it cope age ep tn erg cop 50 Se Ot ear aes 10 pm erat seca ais vas [Rpm Cope hind of nde fists it reste pe BA Copper Mineral et aso, btel ee 2 feruncs cope (Neo esau ocr (gee snd lc) opp a op clo sana ‘oie io pc oe a sie, ‘nly calcopyt, ai, ed clos, ee aconpuned 87 Pyne ple‘Scary cope er (Quote tt on aneree rte copper afte Pe ere Meow Spe et tae cn ep ti Fes eran go Stal ear ‘Sts ounin xs comple oe For Se Seton uy Oa cae ton Zs ba Zam tel cr fons see amo mae 3 Se Se met io fap om nt Orne igre .cearieatte ee ‘pore ie panoply alta to ore, [ee SS See Secs ee Oe se hae Fie doen aes peieercaree seh eceoes “apne peace dope de ‘psa colag of maga Tete il ep of ‘ Yoioderm pt eaty te ‘Spy ou sy 5 wt oman ‘pear ech Nein Coca a Be ce Gore Sao pie iets este Seeeereesae °c fun amas Yanai eh soe meena ‘nein snes een Ea cMes arenas ae ESS Sores -Erceergateen epi ‘Say Samaria Saar Saas Saaceer SESS ar =a ‘Sereeiare 843 Copper Ore Deposits Coit re cr eens Epes ee “gp ct cs “ibs a ee Sa Es * Neca aN far nx: een Pn (foie Rae (ec, Keane, ad ‘ian ber ‘inn od ey + Bowe: aan Ses, gavin ‘ude Non Swen soda se Ame yan inert ereB44 Copper Resourcer ese he ett (nein ‘lie “unico Opps an Sree meee ae of on siete pees ae pa ort bo) Oe wd exec ‘re exe a S05 1 copy Tae Sic ltotcogper eee ieee Sp Ptr pn ‘Boater 2h ra elon ‘omit ame tach wi ‘itt hocen ae by nye ee ‘onisancy espn tmein ) SAS Mining tetra cata teete euimeeeeeee so peel cca ee Sie eioners Slstacsiyeamel taxon Mk fn, meats te oe Sine of eng ofcpe Tenney Ea, eocia Aatw cone ow oer ines ost em aie See pees fe pan eee cueaanst Save Sp errrns Saenecnanees gneeeeats: Scotia reed Somes SSS EVvracoanats Stooge U3 ca ant 05% (eas 1.48) Coe ity gue ie ve calc an it ene ie Boab cee verte er oper aon mabe ate tun ced coal eon tc of te ae C3 {2 owe ey compa, C) meme ‘Surceqer giz) eral ‘Bip fapenton sn proved ty a Pioeaderne become gee {Deewana 1 ie veces mt tgs epee Pe env aly Ses Pomec: Sipe meio exon ae wing Benson yt ata tcc + Op ni asing tn oint + Fveane pram eament "woman mae Someta maby net cose Correo) comer agit ees mn oo “Veneta meen Deeley Be puty ecw sat alee ued) ot oh Se Sot ge 82 oes he mot ora patos scopy evo ant 854 Renetcaton ‘lj eee Sting a ncakconigmica ‘eon ceive Sass espe orSe ‘Som pena aay be fe Shespipinie onenessSeen {Saino wing some (png inn nd bl il oo mesh by eopes lng alee pe =Secae aaa (Hosp Teton fo rig ao pce Sate ating ‘ng tony ed =o Tonya een —Smsroge stem see oasoete sioner tant ead =o amma Sopa ae nee Sea oe Pree reece eee ae Aentatrbaeuhacgpeeme a cates nt clorzay eal feu ‘ee ery cate sce cra Sees eS poten ad apes raat mess 2S ae sete Siac 853° Roasting ‘Romsng my dt pape sie conn tse froth {STerhcronenngen open Pre Scheel "pecman” be pap ‘Spina evel frame cnper me a (dune pbc anes 1 Ciscting esa sce 2 yen cig ee ou ce ea so nescan ‘Resto ocr Because mai he many ‘ewcyaen eu eo pt ‘Bittner ty eer elersy Gage) Tarot ‘Spon jou se FoeEirccewtacyynttar nr —— oe hte mea aa sat the fon tse lls ees a Sees Sarzese eee Eas Intaote sore gun tant Seneca whe iin mt Sonnyoasoe Ak rate, iets Atami a ‘ence sei lor dat meing wcnsenly d ‘sic in oa rs ees pace Sang owing cr ow 550- SGC rm mifuce Toads toe wea oe ‘ee wh te et oa cpp cee ‘Sean tc dry tn De ‘Shek Geo edo prt fo seat chi Eig doen ep oot ° ia HOO ne pve Oe ‘he nh Vanessa pss wch oe ols oe of ‘cesar deed cae ‘Srempeote| ‘en ewe sr at ‘ane Sih apes ge en so Hig tempers The wl oo he ‘inning ges gs| amr sy af ne to Matchen fame, wich pce ater ay wart oe wey Saye eens moda grt wal [Bows nest ams ta See sin cm tnt os Sara saz aaron ene nears se {Bas of rr on ln sod Samana ‘Sie ges ar Ponce Sting Fad sang aces comicerusng i wang tse ot oe ae Sewage {tunes a sonst ac plas. The SO, B54 Behavior ofthe Componente stn at ese OS rtd th oe cs i etl x Ligon le ee Riri ste Sto RA, ‘tic engine omar ope sheng pose CC) Es SL ccmacmaee Slee mene age ‘ine mia ep ne a ‘orienta stanogeror ca ot ‘Sipe anon dese pens S7ea RS oyeemSee ler Se a tig pine rcp oe Tanecmgcere cores Snitch ace cain Serer Sasa eat pt sel or ee are aS et aes e sich Reet ‘Semty of per meen agen gece Reena Sain SAS. Slags Ses fm copes mate sing enn 0 nate oom nr ‘Sesame preg n 109, sat ‘en in, Suc pen coed ‘rerun ondeineC20 e0 Sy {eller em othemanety iw 2 ‘Suto ot ng be pes et O"Reoy 9) fl (eae 8) Tey ‘rome ea thr into ‘Zoe tod ine tt 0) ie Soest gue comps of oe Soe eee “The ccs of mate ameng ce sete tp omnes me ‘Simncogpe atte Sag aie IRepopesf nga nests tsp Helou row lig nr oa 8 oe ny of ad gn 31-36, ‘eat ae ance ey be Scenes mattis 1 Son ely vey htt ‘Terie wei ett cea =a Soe ee tne ‘Sgr anning 08% copper wear ‘sor silo hw of Scat ‘ui oan anor). Whee {ip cnaswy oom» ee [psi fo era ration rie ‘ernie ry a ui so ‘Son, poy oe pt wae ‘Greening sa tai SSeS rosy prin ee BSAA Oxidizing Smelting Processes eri ton et pa aoc CE hago noon oh ‘Seat eny tems oe co ‘Ene, emf caper ah pond me npr ish oe ‘Sere ang he eae rere ‘Palo Sn aera Sn th ne ‘os fh sing poet ih shee (ge comerag hr ce peeran Kemet ieee de mtes ‘ecg wae Sats eat ‘ren, ae 0 compu ep ages td pene of pe rae ‘ii eg ee apts Ese th pled dat iy coaerbiy (Gein econ dpe ote ee ‘macnn wis ° Sct tir cet rence oma } wee cope ‘pyran 08 ie Cony Se ieee] Nec ew ae ro r oe I | | I ‘esonofcore ios oan te se “he receiy pops temrelcson | eer ano ‘oan pot sncte eannye, Aner preach owed co See pert oe cae S55 Traditional Bath Smelting es he Garman Soin ng SRR a Rice mes ‘sey ing t,he we ia? Neh oper ening oo sh ge at oer) fam ‘cps Laney ect ae eke wo ved 8551 Blast Fornace Smelting sting then, amp coper oe. HE ‘st fic coca we wae ey mat ‘tage ying le ‘een bl ce ti perme ‘Spiny compe econ een SRR aon ve ine [5s imermcdite dies (eg coment Sxeccerpeh one re {a nd comperatr ane eeunglr ewe develmen it ‘See nay tate bx pi Shean ct bgcatoae om af mane opecning eae afte sede ats tha i, mete, {5a imi acne wi seve bo ‘Sin ie The me oe (bag se (he perma, wae opr sabe Sane dn. ‘emg ii os nts wee il le rote ‘esta ed preter ie Sen Gotal ade Goe ispunbukapprtsbecayaneoaciy. Pes tig The we owe bone cae be ted thet oc ma and ng ‘pen val cin a Oe at ‘Stn ih sneenasons oe ‘toy ae om pe chine exopoe ‘Sus auch pea eaten ‘erate hsm ne Moss feds pn (195) nope ‘SS lat) rwsl Eco oe at hs eras emi ay Chey, Shea Ps. 8552 Reverberatory Furnace Smelting ‘Spy herrea formar Gove) be (teen pie epper ae ‘ii ee ey ‘Stine sranmof recede et tm ow ep ly a ape he emtctin sche Slows in pw 810 Tis ua mace ‘heey ing ee ek ‘eemhy mae ir pnd o> “Engrs, sec eo. Sige pcease sonal nde peda a mae wi echnpale ec "Thsghar cn ors 100 a ‘sitesi se se ad ISneson) an eppereanverer sa. forsterite er ‘Eyre fee exe ato cn mogtm mgr ar Sita pein On cn [Shrenmen athena Sire pene) Svomntnatnbse domes sacra rs er teehee ee Il pening he oto ough ‘Swath in Figo 0 Pol (a rue tery fr of ot ‘Smee eed we eae ‘ene ervey ances: ‘oie lly xing eral Th (Bs (0-100) ows raph wae penne pe Tec cd ng saps 7 copper sis he cp of ne mato hc {Penal cn rsa 60-80 cfr ‘spl poem i event cea eaten highaeing mane (2 ene to es of Inge chang oars wae ae ‘fen aoe geee cen sane pues cn smeared Toatg wd cu 2 m0 bo pein at, ol te tcc “The every soc ht he Habs eer Tapes prea (pence fame cose et SO ‘fod tn incre to ‘Soyer Onna neing8553. Modern Reverberatory Smelting sea nen sciegrage ‘ar pds i New eee: ‘Srey by ang nygcn and eballng exa Spee deans (2 conte 2 envi ot ‘fp tebe or sali sd poe +2 cl ry ning Se ‘Be vealy remo oe ‘Seabee Te weg a my kee pig 1 Gre sine meting A sent ol ative an of ce rior pe brent fee at {ere conceal ee Ui ed a ayaee OF) grea 8 ‘eh gas mate Coming eo 75 Co ‘ie piney « Pipe ang pe ee 1 Be cre ing pcs BIS SSSA_ Hletrc Furnace Smelting erect aopat Sieh pee ets meee meets See Sesame eons Goteoecmes Sheer ae Ba arth pec in wer bre coss- Shae oee Sea taeeatenteel pee emanate Seeaemecs Saiesoicces tthe pepe cieoreces ee Ee mere cnr gt ve phew nape, whee eee mate pee Semeemseies Seseetcee ered Eisieeece peeeronteees penton the beens the dese piasoteasons: ere fee eee Reem ‘The it i iiimomcs See ‘etlows tn ei) e sneer fate ‘soe Proce Li eps (ane Foe ea a hr wh ‘Newt deadue costs we ced {nates y coal ins el poe Gear flee fee (2500 fy Sm danse), iced epee 0 Cd Seopenin sine dere 56 Aste Seng * ‘gee te Swine See Sa eer Sama aes Sera gti te coma emataice SS ae eee Sarat Sys Imeem ieeeSameer Sees ‘poses tml comeed compere cs ‘nr Dp ie th SS See (Solow win ype anne af TE ma tr soon “hoa cece on re Senne 1 Becaagl ape sor wn es Sue aues Tang Swi eade 7 SS orga Yn omen cage tors seocistanceseaiaen ‘encom at wc re =e a eno ‘rycen at sez et Epccretcocens eas Bees Riera oct ise ee Sacscenes seep 2S Se nomenaemenss Sees ceeranens rave me ceineetean SSeeeene sta ceo To rece ote ‘oct te pombe ech Seed ‘ie can aha 10% of ep cocemremens 0: sumeeeorenne: Seneca a “shaming See ioneean Sasmeaeearan Titsocnanarconpents tr or oo + Seam re Mi ‘Sipe tts nh or onper eho eotaemes ate tomes Tare ey ny Serer eee ee oe Sree te teed ite FSFE (ah Setng Tames SPS es So i eR Fe Tubs § udev 34 operon Rite Sek meocciante {wo cnstuge the hgh coer of Sores Soe cicero Sigemments ioe Sntwweneae +e gt inca Nw Sa eecaramrs ‘eee enw en ‘Serey approaching coatinous smehiog ad 8562 INCO Flash Smelting ‘SSacheraay rena thas ‘Stopes sig Aron he ‘eto wo rte we pti ican een 0b Soares marae = ‘Seino hgtes Sm bated mony GSise ae tows bey eesSage cucaes cinerea nies Seah m sieatiiras sec Soveaeceecuent Seesctiger ace Sacseyiacese Hsthes ress Basneee "iowerer te INGO gece emo aly soll ex, ge a Shas nye eine hee [River de ni emote foe fap Ris rm gen vor om, Skincemie Tie dcp per Te dela ar cee ‘pa fmt Coie in Gin Ke et I ENS eiescsemoma ee ee ee Ret Cony pees Be) Goon Sey SE EERE Sher Pce sodealapal oeectin peo ee ae Ecce aes e Sakai Sesee Sree ee Sateen art Si eeeoraee Th of volume i sal, and te perch tuna oe soe, SESS ees Sores tue eeestaes Seeeaooen Ze" Sere82, comering veer meme cea ee Sd geeckeneaisear tn ag ae 8-9 £521 Coven hemenamantort: teammate Socahecract Ee iret een eRe sera as re a es Tri romeo Semmes mith dntomentae Seer emg soiteconmnes ees Suncet Ea tion meso the Cua he Saeee SER Seer evan mae nt ease, fa we bere cone ser nent ths eeerieereris nn eb eh Converter Stag Tess Gm he es ep ‘Sec ter oat rp i gk ‘grote 15-00% Fo Toe ‘enpr e:Ts yen sp igre oii ry, agri seind maphave pet SEE ec sudan ied it ed oe comer “Tmpertae Conver i ge ee a ‘Sppeienn iin om ome ‘ecm (ep comem opr. See ie se et vt 90) “etlowng ert converter Type Te cape cov wet rey rd secon tions gy tec Sloe opt eet 8, Sere a ecco ‘Sec hig Cs, Ue Sa =a5ZG Tear oye wy omnis beis (eget ro ages) ht eetemecae ipa wpe Does eee eee Soahsiebaie sSoegpeco sar ae Sooo tps tenebar es ‘igen peed ‘Sow seh tei Pla apron Siesta Shae hee Emigusssirse Ute the ofa ie ds oe. rire ce acy ge ur ibe Creer poet ‘oso mat he aie ar Renee leo Tees moti EoStcerrur ox ae 108) he mae tos oriucnagug cea he Sie frioteetaes seruseelcaes "Sacer ogi ht oes eed ~Drect meting of sens (cn, ‘cop wh meee ‘Spe pola Rar mehr (Goce oa AD, Seen = Sus tom mfdeconmarae eng ‘eae copperec tend arenes mein tn mc ater secondary tera so cing pee ita po sora es so Soe ine: ‘ove Palanan nt it Seasons 857.2 Continuous Converting ie ms sper etn 0 ‘Sty sow the Weer wa bo ‘ey te tee ve et # aor ‘osha femme met tc Seeing mies (Secon ovine Sheing we Conve The Pe Woe Man br apg sc ‘neti ion fet Reno Coser Caps Si hol ome de toe le mace fone conerng poe Sliema ‘fs sang tc connie ae et commarl npn ge ee (Scr ng and op enn Sobsos S58 Continuoos Smelting and Converting Receay, copper mess bae a ‘ecm oeton eps dc ‘Gute Oschenge aces for ey cid prec ‘Shs poo arnt eo ‘Blonisg_be,comtusne it tough ‘aye in moe a an ot reaming te 9 pes nt an) tai sna Meta ecoppeing 8581 Mitsubishi Process meet ett aoe Soca nies Eames saoonisRewetit fo Soting «Stree. Dred once, es (en ete, per font um cavers oe th fom sg ec a i ec ce by ion cok ed ane se ‘ee cperig ee es sees Ses SS“le 15 oi pla x Be seme re Th uso ‘ere en copee of ‘Se aged coven Tis en cor Ee poss, twee ive! sob inf by kes Ea os Seles, Nochers Ontario, Canade [19, Sie acca oon 8582. Noranda Process “Th et of it pet cannons conn eng paces bps nants (Sa patna pre 2 at ne seer ern Ms La) No ‘ane, Ges Cac Te igs Sigs cma ‘Tate ie ou pes pwd tie mince mi be eed ae ‘ee "Pe fimacelecouimoualy he oe adi ps conan o wet oe con See ioe Hye Bd areola enue. ia msm da move inti he ‘jr cna a bth Paes reg inte masse ap coped Son cranes ote mean ‘edb a da he ig 15 Cs) Se dae ler cop a ‘Stecaiigidnet Seon poet fede expen ected The 0, Zt fd gus ewe Be eamieeSeoeecmeetoe ‘at fom nen af canes seh Pip stoges tation Ne ‘in pce es sven anges ‘aig mee Tapegeeonnne eee Sefemenet ts ay ad Sant ac per Gryeonenrucsec card (Sead imps Ton Meet Ide te Mera pecs wa ec igeceumeeeereae SRrermsseeet vee SBvieacnes ee in 197. Ua Copper Dvian af Kew eee cermaee ta Gr cern Un Und 8583. Other Processes ‘fom vero. Ware a oe any Cnn sn oi ng Seniors For kay ho Se a ‘Bed war ct ehnicaly ceil an thet ec dpe Howe eat Sy See ge sea nn aes ape, ‘ed ncn ae hare an sd ‘it sss bw ma coumeeenet Toe ‘geet femhet ie cooyy comm nade epic cet pe Te ‘Salmon ee deen Somes qty hott mete Emenee fhe aeees eso Saket ae GaSe eres aco EE Geaaa=aig inn with ton mos nt ‘Sorts ced nen ceiacmremetores Spare Sige ot eae aoe ‘ene and face coon hac enact ey pues speceraaieae! yp gn ge Siem etc pre ase, RSSan ss cesta, ane nd Sintec eens. ttn, 859° Recovery of Copper from Secondary Material oper rece om meas. Stee as do, wh, ren, a ‘ow pin wate ca ec ‘slcomenar we pte me {estima meted. Cope aly sap chat Sisto te en tres en nation ‘ener ie ge scan geeciseeae Boer clase et hoa esis peta as ieeay eae ‘Sp is isn See cate See Sees SeksS ie eo ay ‘Beat iomtea (30-31 85.10. Hydrometallurgical [Extraction ste meet Sa sean mg ale pret Sie pelon meas Sn ons Oe Beas ciemes Ee aescarey, 19% a pinay wa cppet pid by seme Sl fe pete ce 5401 Pie rr eee Sane eee mee See ectey mine ree «Sperone of coger a ot ‘ype caput char EO. 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