Section A

Bahagian A
[60 marks]
[60 markah]
Answer all questions in this section.
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
1Diagram A shows the structure of a plant cell.
.Rajah A menunjukkan struktur satu sel tumbuhan.

Diagram A
Rajah A
(a) (i) Name structures P and Q.
Namakan struktur P dan Q.
P:
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q:
__________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) State the component that build up structure P and the content of Q.
Nyatakan komponen yang membina struktur P dan kandungan Q.
Structure P/Struktur P:
__________________________________________________________________________________
Content Q/Kandungan Q:
___________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) Explain one characteristic of structure P which is related to its function.
Terangkan satu ciri struktur P yang berkait dengan fungsinya.
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(c) Explain one role of structure Q to a herbaceous plant.

Terangkan satu peranan struktur Q kepada tumbuhan herba.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d) Diagram B shows the formation of xylem vessel through process X.
The plant cells undergo the process of differentiation.
Rajah B menunjukkan pembentukan salur xilem melalui proses X.
Sel tumbuhan tersebut telah mengalami proses pembezaan.

Diagram B
Rajah B
(i) Name process X.
Namakan proses X.
___________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Describe how xylem vessel is adapted to transport water in the plant.
Huraikan bagaimana salur xilem diadaptasi untuk mengangkut air dalam tumbuhan.
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

2 Diagram A shows two regions, R and S, which are separated by a semi-permeable membrane.
. Rajah A menunjukkan dua kawasan, R dan S, yang dipisahkan oleh satu membran separa telap.

Diagram A
Rajah A
(a)(i) Based on Diagram A, which region is hypotonic?
Berdasarkan Rajah A, kawasan manakah yang hipotonik?
___________________________________________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________________________________________
__
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Give one reason for the answer in (a)(i).
Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan dalam (a)(i).
___________________________________________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________________________________________
__
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iii After 20 minutes, an equilibrium is achieved between regions R and S.
) Complete Diagram B to shows the following:
The number of water molecules in both regions
The level of the solution in both regions
Selepas 20 minit, keseimbangan antara kawasan R dan kawasan S tercapai.
Lengkapkan Rajah B untuk menunjukkan perkara berikut:

 Bilangan molekul air dalam kedua-dua kawasan

Aras larutan dalam kedua-dua kawasan

Diagram B
Rajah B
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(iv)Name the process which occurs in (a)(iii).
Namakan proses yang berlaku dalam (a)(iii).
___________________________________________________________________________________
__
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b A few pieces of cabbage is immersed in a concentrated salt solution.
) Beberapa keping kobis direndam dalam larutan garam yang pekat.
(i) Explain why the above action is able to preserve the cabbage for a long period of time.
Terangkan mengapa tindakan di atas dapat mengawet kobis itu untuk jangka masa yang panjang.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) Complete Diagram C by drawing the condition of the cabbage cell after the preservation process.
Lengkapkan Rajah C dengan melukis keadaan sel kobis itu selepas proses pengawetan.

Diagram C
Rajah C
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(iii State the condition of the cabbage cell in (b)(ii).
) Nyatakan keadaan sel kobis di (b)(ii).
___________________________________________________________________________________
__

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c)A badminton player is advised to drink an isotonic drink during a tournament.
Give two reasons.
Seorang pemain badminton dinasihatkan meminum minuman isotonik semasa pertandingan.
Berikan dua sebab.
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

3. The diagram below shows three stages of mitosis, P, Q and R, in an animal cell.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tiga peringkat mitosis, P, Q dan R, dalam sel haiwan.

Diagram
Rajah
(a)Name the stages P, Q and R in the spaces provided in the diagram above.
Namakan peringkat P, Q dan R dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam rajah di atas.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(b Explain what happens at stage Q.
) Terangkan apa yang berlaku pada peringkat Q.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(c)State the chromosome behaviour at the following stages:
Nyatakan perlakuan kromosom pada peringkat berikut:
Stage P
Peringkat P
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Stage R
Peringkat R

_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d Explain the importance of mitosis in the process of cloning orchid plants.
) Terangkan kepentingan mitosis dalam proses pengklonan pokok orkid.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(e)The diagram below shows a cell at stage P. In the next stage, it is found that chromosome M is not
separated.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan suatu sel pada peringkat P. Pada peringkat seterusnya, didapati kromosom
M tidak berpisah.

Diagram
Rajah
Complete the diagrams for the two daughter cells which will be formed in the space provided below.
Lengkapkan rajah kedua-dua sel anak yang akan terbentuk pada ruang yang disediakan di bawah.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

4. The diagram below shows two types of twins.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua jenis anak kembar.

Diagram
Rajah
(a)(i) Name the type of twins Q.
Namakan jenis kembar Q.
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Explain how twins Q are formed.
Terangkan bagaimana kembar Q terbentuk.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b (i) Name the structure Y.
)
Namakan struktur Y.

__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) State two functions of structure Y.
Nyatakan dua fungsi struktur Y.
1 _______________________________________________________________________________
2 _______________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c)State two differences between twins P and twins Q.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara kembar P dengan kembar Q.
1 __________________________________________________________________________________
2 __________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]
(d Twins P are brought up by two different adopted families. The twins do not have the same body size when
) they are adult.
Explain why.
Kembar P dibesarkan oleh dua keluarga angkat yang berbeza. Kembar itu tidak serupa saiz badan
apabila dewasa.
Terangkan mengapa.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(e)A woman who is a heavy smoker become pregnant.
Explain why she should stop smoking.
Seorang perempuan yang kuat merokok disahkan hamil.
Terangkan mengapa beliau mesti berhenti merokok.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

5 The diagram below shows a sequence of stages in the synthesis of an extracellular enzyme in a human
. pancreatic cell. The stages are labelled as Stage I, Stage II and Stage III. Stage I shows a change in the
specific part of a DNA strand. The DNA strand involved contains three nitrogenous bases, CTC.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan turutan langkah-langkah dalam sintesis suatu enzim luar sel dalam sel
pankreas manusia. Langkah-langkah itu dilabelkan sebagai Langkah I, Langkah II dan Langkah III.
Langkah 1 menunjukkan perubahan bahagian tertentu rantai DNA. Rantai DNA yang terlibat mengandungi
tiga bes nitrogen, iaitu CTC.

Diagram
Rajah
(a)Explain the changes that occurred in the double helix of the DNA strand during Stage I.
Terangkan perubahan yang berlaku dalam rantai heliks ganda dua DNA semasa Langkah I.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b Based on the diagram above:
) Berdasarkan rajah di atas:
(i) State two differences between the structure of the protein polypeptide molecule and the DNA molecule.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara struktur molekul polipeptida protein dengan molekul DNA.
1
. __________________________________________________________________________________
2
. __________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii Differentiate between the structures of DNA and RNA.
) Bezakan antara struktur DNA dengan RNA.
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c)Explain how the protein formed at the ribosome is transformed into the extracellular enzyme so that it can
be secreted from the cell.
Terangkan bagaimana protein yang terbentuk di ribosom diubah bentuk menjadi enzim luar sel supaya
boleh dirembes keluar daripada sel.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(d The diagram below shows a gene mutation that occurs in the DNA strand containing the base sequence
) CTC.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan mutasi gen yang berlaku pada rantai DNA yang mengandungi urutan bes
CTC.

Diagram
Rajah

Explain how the mutation affects the specific characteristic or trait controlled.
Terangkan bagaimana mutasi ini mempengaruhi ciri atau trait tertentu yang terkawal.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

Section B
Bahagian B
[40 marks]
[40 markah]
Answer any two questions from this section.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.
6. (a) The diagram below shows the digestive system and organs associated with digestion.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sistem pencernaan dan organ-organ berkaitan pencernaan.

Diagram
Rajah
Explain how steamed fish is digested in parts R, S and T in the system.
[10 marks]
Terangkan bagaimana ikan kukus dicernakan di bahagian R, S dan T di dalam sistem itu.
[10 markah]
(b) The diagram below shows three types of food.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tiga jenis makanan.

Diagram
Rajah
Explain the long term effects of consuming excess of these foods on an individualss health.
[10 marks]
Terangkan kesan jangka masa panjang pengambilan makanan-makanan tersebut yang berlebihan ke
atas kesihatan individu.
[10 markah]
7. The diagram below shows tissue P and cell Q. P is found in a multicellular organism.
Q is found in a unicellular organism.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tisu P dan sel Q. P terdapat dalam organisma multisel.
Q terdapat dalam organisma unisel.

Diagram
Rajah

(a) Based on the diagram above, explain the cellular respiration process that occurs in P and in Q.
[4 marks]
Berdasarkan rajah above, terangkan proses respirasi sel yang berlaku di P dan di Q.
[4 markah]
(b) The diagram below shows two individuals, M and N, in two different situations.
M is in a vigorous activity while N is at rest.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua individu, M dan N, dalam dua situasi yang berbeza.
M sedang melakukan satu aktiviti cergas manakala N berada dalam keadaan rehat.

Diagram
Rajah
Based on the diagram above, explain the difference in the physiological process that occurs in organs R,
S
and T, for individual M and individual N.
[6 marks]
Berdasarkan rajah di atas, terangkan perbezaan proses fisiologi yang berlaku pada organ R, S dan T
bagi individu M dan individu N.
[6 markah]
(c) A pond contains a lot of aquatic plants. The diagram below is a graph which shows the changes in the
percentages of dissolved oxygen and dissolved carbon dioxide in the pond over a period of 24 hours.
Sebuah kolam mengandungi banyak tumbuhan akuatik. Rajah di bawah ialah graf yang menunjukkan
perubahan peratusan kandungan oksigen terlarut dan karbon dioksida terlarut dalam kolam itu bagi
tempoh 24 jam.

Diagram
Rajah
Based on the graph in the diagram above, explain the differences in the percentages of dissolved oxygen
and
dissolved carbon dioxide in the pond during stage X, stage Y and stage Z.
[10 marks]
Berdasarkan graf pada rajah di atas, terangkan perbezaan perubahan peratusan kandungan oksigen
terlarut dan karbon dioksida terlarut dalam kolam itu di peringkat X, peringkat Y dan peringkat Z.
[10 markah]

8. (a) Diagram A shows three recycle bins P, Q and R. These recycle bins are used to collect used materials.
Rajah A menunjukkan tiga tong sampah kitar semula P, Q dan R. Tong sampah kitar semula ini
digunakan untuk mengumpul bahan-bahan terpakai.

Used paper
Kertas terpakai

Used glass
Kaca terpakai
Diagram A
Rajah A

Used plastic
Plastik terpakai

The used materials are from natural resources.

Paper from trees
Glass from minerals
Plastic from petroleum
Explain how the practice in recycling of the used materials in Diagram A contribute in maintaining the
balance of nature.
[10 marks]
Bahan-bahan terpakai tersebut adalah daripada sumber bahan semulajadi.
Kertas daripada pokok
Kaca daripada mineral
Plastik daripada petroleum
Terangkan bagaimana amalan mengitar semula bahan-bahan terpakai dalam Rajah A
menyumbangkan kepada pengekalan keseimbangan alam.
[10 markah]
(b) Diagram B shows the daily used appliances in homes.
Rajah B menunjukkan alatan kegunaan harian di rumah.

Aerosol spray
Penyembur aerosol

Air conditioner
Penyaman udara
Diagram B
Rajah B

Refrigerator
Peti sejuk

Spraying of aerosol and leakage of air conditioner and refrigerator release chlorofluorocarbon (CFC).
Explain the effect of the released chlorofluorocarbon on human health and ecosystem.
[10 marks]
Penyemburan aerosol dan kebocoran penyaman udara serta peti sejuk membebaskan
klorofluorokarbon(CFC).
Terangkan kesan pembebasan klorofluorokarbon ke atas kesihatan manusia dan ekosistem.
[10 markah]
9. The diagram below shows the stages of growth, X, Y and Z, at the tip of a plant shoot.

Zones 1, 2, 3 and 4 shows the changes that occur in the cells during the stages of the growth.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat pertumbuhan, X, Y dan Z, pada hujung pucuk
tumbuhan.
Zon 1, 2, 3 dan 4 menunjukkan perubahan yang dialami oleh sel-sel semasa peringkat pertumbuhan
tersebut.

Diagram
Rajah
(a) Based on the diagram above, explain the meaning of growth.
[4 marks]
Berdasarkan rajah di atas, terangkan maksud pertumbuhan.
[4 markah]
(b) (i) Auxin is a plant hormone which helps in plant growth.
The diagram below shows the growth of a plant shoot towards light.
Auksin adalah hormon tumbuhan yang membantu pertumbuhan tumbuhan.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pertumbuhan pucuk tumbuhan ke arah cahaya.

Diagram
Rajah
Explain the role of auxin in the growth of the plant shoot as in the diagram above.
[4 marks]
Terangkan peranan auksin dalam pertumbuhan pucuk tumbuhan seperti pada rajah di atas.
[4 markah]
(ii) State two commercial values of auxin in agriculture.
[2 marks]
Nyatakan dua nilai komersil auksin dalam pertanian.
[2 markah]
(c) (i) State three differences between primary growth and secondary growth.
[3 marks]
Nyatakan tiga perbezaan antara pertumbuhan primer dan pertumbuhan sekunder.
[3 markah]
(ii) Explain the benefits to the plants that undergo secondary growth as compared to those that do not

undergo secondary growth.

How does this affect their economic value?
[7 marks]
Terangkan kebaikan tumbuhan yang mengalami pertumbuhan sekunder berbanding dengan
tumbuhan yang tidak mengalami pertumbuhan sekunder.
Bagaimanakah keadaan ini menjejaskan nilai ekonomi tumbuhan tersebut?
[7 markah]