:

( (




3 3

E

( )R1-X1-R0-XO
( )R2-X2 R0 X0
I0

. 01 .

KVA
KW

KVA
.
) ( KVA
DC

01
01 00
I= P / 3 * KV = 50000 / 3 * 11 =2.5 KA
5.0

311 011
5.0
7 = 011/5011



00 33
I= P / 3 * KV = 50000 / 3 * 33 =800 A
011

 5 = 011/011
6 5

:
-1
-A


P = V * I

0111 011 01
0111 011
51 011
011 01 5.0 0111

 =
0111 = 0111
/ = /
011 /
011
=
51
/
0
/ = /
01 /
5.0
=
51
/
0
/ = /
011 /
011
=
01
/ 5.0
-B


P = V * I

0111 011 5.0
0111 011
0
011 011 5.0 01
0111

=
0111 = 0111
/ = /
011 /
011
=
0
/
51

 / = /
5.0 /
01
=
0
/
51
/ = /
011 /
011
=
5.0
/ 01
-2
- - -
-3
- - SF6
-4
- ( - )
-5
-

00
551

00 33

33

 00

00
033

-1

511
( )220KV-400KV
( )132KV (
)66/KV/33KV/22KV/11KV


-0 0 01
00/33/035
-5 01 511
035/551/011
-3 511
00 035-551-011

- 2



((33kv -11KV -
6.6KV ) (415V 0
() ()
501

-1
-A

( )H 11KV 50KV 300KV

 -B


250KV 1500KV
11/0.415KV 33/0.415KV

-C


() 250KV
1500KV 11/0.415KV

 -D


( ) 250KV 1000KV
11/0.415KV

-2






-A

-B

 - C

-3
- A


.




.
.


.

 B


..........






01
%61
3000C
.
C 3111
.


.




() .

 -c sf6
) ( SF6

.

) ( SF6
) ( SF6 ) ( SF6
.
.

 0
A

C

/

 - 1 () :




:
-0 .
-5 .
-3 .
-0 ( ) .

-2
0.3



( )core ( )shall

-3


E

"
"
Skin Effect

-0 .
-3 .
-3 .

H1 H2
X1 X2
H1 H2 X1 X2

 -4

.


( )


"













- 0 ( U
- 5 T.
- 3 I
:




:

 -1 :


-2 :
01
.
05/ 01.
030
:
( )1.0.0 / 51.
-3 :
. ( 31 /)
( 01 / ) .
.
.
:
-A


31
-B


.

.

-5 ( ) ( Bushings ) Terminals


A, B, C, a, b,
c, n




.

( ) Epoxy resin 63
() Oil-impregnated 0011
Resin Impregnated Paper

0.5
= * 0.5

-0
-5
-3

-1
-0
-5
-3

-2 :

-1 ()
-2

 -3 ( )
-3 ()

. .
.

()

-4 :

.




00

25
3
5.2
111

35
3
13.1
251

35
3
22
511

35
3
52.5
1111

55
3
5..5
1511

55
3
115.2
2111

000

1
1
xlpe
4
1.5
1
333
251
1
1
xlpe
1
231
4
222
511
1
2
xlpe
1
231
5 1333 1111
2
3
xlpe
1
231
11 2111 1511
2
4
xlpe
1
231
14 2222 2111
-2







.
.

-5 Rod Gap :

.


32
24
12
/
4.5
3.5
311
A
132
132
115
B
211
111
51
C
215
515
425
L
-.



- A









.
-1 5

 -2 5
3

:
:

: 60
.
: .
: 61 .
: 00: .
( )
.

 -B



01
71
011



01
01
00

: -

00 = 30 + 01
01
.1

010 = 01 + 60
00
61
.1
011
:
- .
- .

-5 )(Conservator
%01

( )
( )


%0
%30
.
011

-11 ) Oil level indicator (:

:
.POLG
.MOLG

. .
* .
* .
* .

-11 (Breather( :

-A
01



-B .
( (

.


200 : 150 .

.

 -12 :
.
-13 :
.
-14
-A

- B Sudden Pressure Relay :

 ,
.

-15 ) Buchlez ( :











)

 Bladder Relay :



( ) .

-12

 00 / 33 33 31
%0
01.0 00
00
%010 = 01.0/00 00

00/33
011 311
33 31 33 30

33 31 30
- A 33
= * /
= 00 = 311 / 011 * 33
- B 34
= 00.3 = 311 / 011* 30
- C 31
= 01 = 311 / 011* 31









.
33 31 30
00
- A 33
= * /

 = 311 = 00 / 011 * 33
- B 30 00
= 31. = 00 / 011* 30
- C 31 00
= 575 = 00 / 011* 31







- A 33 00
= * /
= 311 = 00 / 011 * 33
- B 05 33
= 570 = 05 / 011* 33
- C 31 00
= 331 = 01 / 011* 33







.
-0 ( )OFLTC

0 .
-5 ( )ONLTC

0

-0
035/551 66/035

-5
00/33 3.3/00


-1 5



0 7
5.0 %


.

00 6.6 00
6.6
033 0 7
7

00 6.6
0 00
5 6.6

0 7
3 0 00

 033
000 1.0
%5.0
00111 = 0

= *
= 570 = 011/5.0 * 00111

= +
3
= 3 + 0
00570 = 570 + 00111 = 3
2
= 5 + 3
00001 = 570 + 00570 = 5
1
= 0 + 5
00050 = 570 + 00001 = 0

= -
5
= 0 - 0
01750 = 570 - 00111 = 0
2
= 6 - 3
01001 = 570 - 017500 = 6
5
= 7 - 5
01070 = 570 + 01001 = 7

1.000/00 7


1
11.25
2
11551
3
11255
4
11111
415
5
11525
2
11451
5
11155
-2 5







()



0.




V = I * R

R v1/v2 = n1/n2




R

33
070 0511 5
.11 00
050 311
51

 050 077
00 01 = 611/ 077
1..6 0.7 = 3/01
33 30
5
0 070 06.

00 05


5 3

 -1

MASTER FOLLOWER

-2

ONTC

07

OFTC

0 7

511

 - 1 Rated Power :


= * * 3
3 *KVL* I = KVA
= * *3
= * * 3
( ) S
( ) ( )KVA
-2 ( ) %






%0.70 0111 %6
0011 %0 5111

%51


.

Us.c

 .
%3.5 %5 . %0 %0



011
.
= * / *

= / -

0111 1.000/00
= * 0.73( / )
= 0330.. = ) 1.033*0.73( /0111
000
0330..

0.5.0
= /
%0.00 = 011*1.1000 =00111 /0.5.0 = %




033/00111 %0
%0
%0
= 331 = 011/ 3 * 00111

10670 = 330 11000 = V2
331


0111
011 5011
5011 0111
0111 7111
7111 05111
05111 31111
31111

0%
6%
7%
0%
.%
01%
05.0%

00 / 33

00

33

565.0

00

700.0

%6.0

33
= * = 5.507 = 1.160 * 33
5507
565.0
= /
= 0.06 = 565.0/ 5507
000
0..5

33

 %6.0 %6.7
%1.0
-3 :

 01
01
ONAN
O .
N .
A .
N .

0
5
3
0
0
6

ONAN
ONAF
OFAF
ODWF
AN
AF

( )
( .

- 1 ( ) Ir

0111 1.033/00

 -5 () Vector Group Connection

31
31
31
361 05 31 31
05
00 331=31*00

-( (Dyn11
331
00 VG
Dyn11
D
.
y
.
n .
( ) 00 0 0 1
31
()331= 31*00 ( ) 001= 31*0 ( )31 = 31*0( ) 1 = 31*1

0 5 3 31 31

 61 .1 00 331
31

( /) ( /)
0 31

( / ) ( /)
6 001
( / ) ( /)

Yd1
Yd11 Dy1
Dy11 Ynyn0 - Dyn1
Yz1 H Yz11

1
001
( 31)( 31 +)

Yy0 - Dd0 - Dz0 - Zd0

Yy6 Dd6 Zd6 Dz6
Dy1 Yd1 Yz1 Zy1
Dy11 Yd11 Yz11 Zy11

 301 00
501 6.6
(BIL) Impulse level

.
Basic insulation level, kV
)(standard 1.5- 40-s wave

 .



.
( ) Traveling Waves
.
( . ) Natural frequency
IEEE
)(BIL
KVpeak

IEC

Highest PowerVoltage Frequency

KVrms
KVrms

HV

Lightning
)Impulse (BIL
KVpeak

PowerFrequenc
KVrms

NV

45

15

2.4

20/40

10

3.6 3.3

60

19

40/60

20

7.2 6.6

75

26

8.7

60/75

28

12 - 11

95/110

34

15

75/95

38

17.5 15.5

125/150

40/50

25

95/125

50

24 - 22

200

70

34.5

145/170

70

36 - 33

350

140

69

325

140

72.5 - 66

650

275

138

550/650

230/275

145 - 132

900/1050

395/460

230

850/1050

360/460

245 - 220

1300

1300

345

1175/1425

510/630

420 - 400

- 1 ()



3


= * 3
= /

- 2



=
= /

VP = VL 3 VL = 3 VP
IP = IL
IL = IP

IL = 3 IP

-3 / :

IP = IL 3

VL = VP

VP = VL

:
( ) .

() .
() .

:

-0 .

() .

() .

-4 / :

:
( ) .
() ( ) .

() .
:



N
-3 /

:
( ) .
() .
:
() .
() .
-5 / :

 .




:
( ) .
() .
() .
() .
()
-2 :


/ .




-
-
-

000
/ 000

 / = 53..6 = 3 /000
/ = 53..6 = 3 /000
/ = 000

:
A,B,C
a, b ,c .n
.




.






.




.


:

.
05 00
51 55 1.0








-1
:

0
033

-2


05
00 51 55
( )
( ) ( )
1.0

( 1.0)


.

. .
:
- 1

.
2

.
- 3



( - )


( -
- - ) :

 -A
-0
-5
-3
-0
- B
-0
-5
-3
-0




-A 5
0


.
-0
-5

 -B 5
0 :
-1 11
A HRC
B +
-2 415
A MJNH
A ACB MCCB


0
0
. .
00

-A

-B

 -1
-A Expulsion fuses




.

.
.

 -B ()HRC
( )RMU

00

000 .
0111

- 0 HRC
=( / * 0.5 * ) 3
I=(KVA/1.73*KV ( *1.2
=1000/(1.73*11) =52.5A
ICB=52.5*1.2=63A

11KV
10

50

16
31.4
45-63
.1-100

100
500
1000
1500

-A

631 011

-B

631 011
ACB MCCB

 0.433 /11
0111
1.033
I=(KVA/1.73*KV)*1.2=1000/(1.73*0.433) = 1334 A
ICB = 1334*1.2=1600A


250KVA
500KVA
1000KVA
1500KVA

411 MCCB
.11 MCCB
1211ACB
2511 ACB

1511
11
=( / * 0.5 * ) 3
= 70.0=00*0.73/0011* .1=0.5
433
=( / * 0.5 * ) 3
= 5111=1.033*0.73/0011* 5011=0.5
511
11
=( / * 0.5 * ) 3
= 56=00*0.73/011* 30.0=0.5
433
=( / * 0.5 * ) 3
= 666=1.033*0.73/011* 011=0.5

011
= * ()1.0
= 011= 1.0*011
%01
351 = 1.0 * 011 =%01

0.7 011
073.5 = 0.735* 011

%.1
1
321
511
511
311
%.1
1
241
1111 1111
211

 511
1211
2211
2211

1511 1511
2111 1111
45111 1111
4511 1511

521
241
241
521

1
2
3
2

%.1
%.1
%.1
%.1

011 311 011

0111 611 0111
3111 0011 3 0111
0011
11KV/433V
kva
HV

LV

511 11KV 22.5 3*35mm2 XLPE 433V 222.2

4*1*630mm2
XLPE
1111 11KV 52.5 3*35mm2 XLPE 433V
1333
7*1*630mm2
XLPE
1511 11KV 5..5 3*95mm2 XLPE 433V
2111 11*1*630mm2
XLPE
4*1*630mm2 XLPE
0 631
xlpe

-1

Copper
loss

%.1

 -2




2
-A ()I R

%5-0
( Critical
) Saturation point
.
-B -:




Xm

-C




3.211
521
5.151
1.151
12.211
1..15
12.511
2.421

211
511
1111
1511

**Parallel Operation:






00

00

00

0
06


- 1 .

33
00
- 2 ( . Z% ) Impedance Voltage %




X/R


Z R X Z%

70 R%
percentage impedance check
301
X%
X%= applied voltage*rated current\ rated voltage *measured current
011 ( ) Z= R2 + X2 R
3
01
4 -:

 .
.



%1.0
3
3
5 -:

.

.


Sr.No

1

or Yy
2
Yy
Yy or
3
y
y or Y
4
Y
Y or y


Sr.No

1

y
2
y

3
Y
Yy
4
Yy
Y
-2 ( )


051

 051

051

 -5

.
-0 () efficiency

-5 ( ) availability

-3 ( )reliability

-0 ( ) flexibility


-0
-5
-3
-0


















= /

= ([ -0 / )(+ / )]


011
5011
7011
1.0

= + = 01111 = 7011 + 5011
= = 011=0 011
= ( +) = 0.99 = )0+011 ( 011 %..

011 501
= 250 1 = 250 1.05
= 0070= 0.52 7011
= 1..03= )500.370( 501=)) 5.0+0.070 ( + 501( 501 %.0.3
1..
1.0 = 511= 1.0 501
= 1..7= )500.370( 511=)) 5.0+0.070 ( + 511( 200 %.7.3
1..
1.0 = 011 = 1.0 011
= 01111=7011 + 5011 01
= 1..76 =)01+ 011 ( 011%.7.6

0.0 %6
= 50 = 1.16 / 0.0
- -:

# #

K.V.A
311 151
511 311
511 511
1111 - 511
1511 - 1111

dB


55
52
55
5.
21

25
25
25

25
5.
25
21
25
22
25
24
25
25

55
55
21
23
24

2111 - 1511
3111 - 2111

21
22

25
25

25
51

22
2.

25
22

# #
K.V.A

45
51 31
42
111 55
45
121 125
4.
251 211
51
411 311
52
231 511
54
1111 .11
52
1211 - 1211

.

54
52
5.
21
22
24
-

51 21

* :
-: -0 .
-5 .
-3
-: -0 .
-5 ( ) .
-3
.

 -0

-0 .
-6
.
-7


.
-3 ( )

-1 :





.

 :
V1/ V2 = I2/I1 = N1/N2
( )S :
S = V1 * I1 = V2 * I2
. :
-0 ( )P 2 :
)P2 = (V1 V2)* (I2- I1
-5 ( )P1 :
P1 = (V1 V2) * I1



0.0 3 .

011.. 00 000
011.. ( )0 :
= . = 00111 / 011111
= 501 = 000 / 011111

 = 530 = . - 501
.

.


( /)

( ) N ( ) A B -C
() a b - c

( /)
( ) A B -C

 () a b - c

( /)

-2 :


011
551

 -3 ( )


-4 ()

.
.
-4











: -:



0 0

 -1
-A " " Primary Winding

-B. " " Secondary Winding

.

" " 200-400/5/5
( ) 200/5
( ) 400/5


.
-2








-:



0/011
011 0
01 0/011
0=011001

1
-A

* B

-2
-0 0
-5 0
0
P =R*I2
-3
- A

.

GIS

00/33


-1
31 -00 - 01 -0 -5.0
-2 ()

3- 0 1.0 - 1.5 31- 51 - 00 - 01 0 -3
01 01111 0 0





p1
s2 p2 s1

" " Burden

( )VA
.61- 31- 00- 01- 0 .

 (Accuracy limit factor ( ALF

30VA -5 P 20
P
0 51
51
31
" " Name Plate

-: 5 :
0.5 P 20 - 15 - 30 VA - 011/0/0

 011 0
VA00 ( 1.0 )%1.0
. VA 31 ( P20 )%0
P20 %0 51
51 .








n


.

E F&O.C E.F
n


S1 S2
Knee voltage
S1 S2- S1 -

.


-0
00/33 /
33
00

:
-0 If
2
-5 () I .Rr- I2.Rc - I2.Rct
.

 311
0 31
2.25= Rct 50
1.00=Rc Rr
= 1.00
= *
5.505 = 5.50*0=Rct
= *
= 1.00 = 1.00 * 0
= *
= 1.00 = 1.00 *0


= Ra + Rc Rr
1.6= 1.00+1.00 =Ra
31=Rr
5 p 10 01=n

= = ]) Rct +Ra (/ )Rct +Rr([*n
=003.10 = ]) 2.25 +0.6 (/ )2.25 +30([* 01
= /
= 03.33 = 311/ 50111

03.33>003.10

=[ ( ) / ] *111

= [(%30.66 = 011* ] 03.33/ )003.10-03.33

( knee voltage( VK Knee voltage
320= VK
VK1
VK1 =If/Ip *(Rct +Rc +Rr) = 25000/300 *(2.25+0.45+0.15)=237.7
320=VK 537=VK0


= * ( / )
= 07.0 = )5111/0( * 30111
= /
= 011 = 0/ 5111
= *
= 55.0= ) 5+ 1.30(* 07.0

= * 4.44 * * *
= 71.13 =) 011* 3.50* 01* 0.00(/ 515.0 5

33 50

511/5 111

33 Kv

36 Kv

500-1000 A

5A

= 0.30 = 011/030

33
01

5/1111 211

33 Kv

36 Kv

0100-5000 A

5A

= 0.30 = 511 / 076

- 2 11/33
33
5 50

511/5 111

33 Kv

36 Kv

5A

500-1000 A

= 0.30 = 011/030
- 3 00

5/1511 311

11 Kv

12 Kv

0600-3100 A

= 0.37 = 311/0303
11

5A

 011 5 0/011
311 5 0/311 5
011 5 0/011
: " " Voltage Transformer

551 001
011-551

000

001

( ) 011 -001 -551

 -1


011

-2
VT PT





.

( ) VA ( Burden


011-311-511-011-70-01-00-01


0..-0.0-0.5



( )


33
-0
33 3
3 / 33111 =3 / VL = Vph
33 011
011 /33111 = 100/ VL= V
-5
011 001
011 3
07.73 = 3 / 011 = 3 / Vs = Vphs
63.00 = 3 / 001 = 3 / Vs = Vphs
3
33.33 = 3 / 011 = 3 / Vs = Vphs

10 - 15 - 25 - 30 - 50 - 100 - 110 VA.


-1

-2

-3 ( )






( ) H.R.C 00
00


MCB

.




.
-1 :

.




-:
- 0
- 5 .
- 3 .



-0
= * /
)R = C * KV (P-n) / (KVA
-5
= * /
)R = C * KV (P-P) / (KVA
( ) C
-0 0.0
-5 51
51

Temperature correction Factor

30
86
1.98
40
104
3.95
50
122
7.85

1.000/00 0011 /
51 01
21
- 0 00
= * /
00 = 056 = 0011 / 00111 * 0.0

 - 5 000
= * /
= 06 = 0011 / 000 * 0.0
51
51
01 = 050.6 = 7.00* 06
00 01 = 3361 = 7.00*056
( -)

0.3
00
00 0.3




-
3
( )a-b-c-n ( )aE-bE-cE-nE
0111 0
311



5011 A
( ) a b c n
))A a) (A b) (A c) ( A n
))B a) (B b) (B c) ( B n
))C a) (C b) (C c) ( C n
1

0111

) (A - E ( ) ( B - E (( C - E
0 311

5011
0111
0111
0111
0111

311

311
511

5
5

0 01
1 01

0 01
1 01

311
511

311
()Winding Resistance test

 ( ) B - C ( ) A - C ( ) A B


1

))a n) ( b n) ( c n) ( a b) ( a c) ( b c

 -2



5.0
=[( - ) / ]*011
5.0

* -:

 . . .* -:

Dy11
7 5.0
4 11
410 4
45 05


N1
V1
=T.R
=
=
N2
V2

083

 0 000
. .
( ) VL ( ) VL
" "0
5.0
" "5
" "3
. " "0
. " "0

5.0
( 514-083)

011
00 \ 33 0
5501 1.16. = 33111 \ 5501
011 = % 6..

 Measurement of zero sequence impedance

/
551

551

60MVA

13800V
2510A

8
132000V
262A

129.67

Z=28.64%

4.67A

Z=33.25%

127.6V
6.6A

Z=19.94%

Z=22.21%

13.1V
130A

Z=7.22%

Z=9.9%9

10.9V
132A

Z=9.52%

Z=12.49%

])Z% = [ (V*Ir) / (Vr * I

V Vr I
Ir

-4

( /) ( )yd11
- 0
- 5 A B C
- 3 a b- c -n
000
B b
3


2.202
225.66
221.15
224.48

A-n
B-n
C-c
C-b

224.52
224.59
228.14
---------

B-b
B -c
A-B
------

Dyn11
B c B b Cc
Cb An + Bn AB

Bb = Bc
Cc < Cb
AB = An + Bn

224.52 = 224.59
221.15 < 224.48
228.14 = 2.202 + 225.66

OK
OK
OK

Dyn1 1W-2W = 1W-2V=1V-2V < 1V-2W

Dyn11 1W-2W = 1V-2W=1V-2V < 1W-2V
Ynd1 1W-2V = 1W-2W=1V-2V< 1V-2W
OPEN CIRCUIT





%0

I2 R

A
B
C

C-A

B-C

A -B
1
2
3
4
5

:


.

- 0
- 5
- 3 ( ) MPIS
- 0
- 0

:
Break down voltage 5.0
)(IEC 60296

30 50
.1 0 6 0

:
:
( 701 0011 (
* ( 30 (
*
:
) (37 50

* -:
( . ) Oil Tester
* ( 5.0
* -:
551 (
) .
.
.
01.

* -:
" " .
" " .
.



" "
. .
5.0 .
5 . /
.

. .

.
( ) B.D.V



51
31 .
00
50
00
33
30
61
551
00
71
011




0
55
55



() .
.

.






.
:
- :

01 - 01 0 / 0 5 .
01- 01
0.5 / 0 8
.
- :
0111 51
0511 5 .
0
220.

- :

611-011
.
- :
1.3 - 1.5/
.


Alarm
:

-A

3 .
P1 P2

S1 S2
S

- B



= ( / )

- C

- D




= *

001
311 5.0 5 5

= 5.75 = 001/ 311

= 00.0= 5* 5.75 = I2 *RL
=
= 0.0 = 5* 5.7


-1
A n
006
3.3
a N
00..3

a N
005.3
.

-2 1
0

011

 0111 5011
0

- C

 - D




= *

 -1

.
k
k

-2

-5 LOOP RESISTENCE

 -2 ( ) Back energization test

00

-0

 -5

-0
-5
-:

.
( )


.
.
:

-1 .

( r = )AC ( r = )AB ( 2r = )BC




( r = )an ( r = )bn ( =)cn
.cn

.

 -2 -:



.
.


.
-3 -:



.
- 4 :




.
- 5 -:




.
- 2 :
51. 5.0
( )
01.

- 5 -:

 - 1


--- ----

-2 ---- percentage impedance test ----
--- short ---
000 A-- B--- C







.
01


-0
-5 .
-3
-0 .
-0 ( ).
-6 .
-7
-0
11
- 0 ( )

-5
.
- 3 -0
.
- 0 .
- 6 .
- 7 .
- 0
- . .