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Sequence
(n)
(n-k)
u(n)
an u(n)
sin(on) u(n)
Basic z-Transforms
1.
Unit sample
2.
3.
4.
Unit step
Exponential
Sinusoidal
Unit ramp
z-Transform Properties
Note: 1 + z
z sin 0
z 2 2 cos 0 z + 1
cos(on) u(n)
5.
z-Transform
1
z-k
z/(z-1)
z/(z-a)
+ z + z + .... + z
( N 1)
z 2 z cos 0
z 2 2 cos 0 z + 1
nu(n)
z
( z 1) 2
Sequence
x(n)
x(n-k)
an x(n)
x(-n)
x(n)*y(n)
n x(n)
z-Transform
X(z)
z-k X(z)
X(z/a)
X(z-1)
X(z).Y(z)
-z (dx(z)/dz)
1 zN
=
1 z 1
z-Transform Properties
Sequence
x(n)
z-Transform
X(z)
x(n-k)
z-k X(z)
an x(n)
X(z/a)
x(-n)
X(z-1)
x(n)*y(n)
X(z).Y(z)
n x(n)
-z (dx(z)/dz)
1 j
j
e +e
2
1 j
j
sin =
e e
2j
cos =
X ( ) =
x(n)e
jn
...
n =
1
x(n ) =
2
X ( )e jn d
= digital frequency ;
s+b
1 e bT z 1
b>0
T Sampling Period
Bilinear Transformation:
2 1 z 1
s=
T 1 + z 1
T sampling period
1
1 +
c
2n
Butterworth Polynomials
S+1
2
3
s2 + 2s + 1
(s
+ s + 1 ( s + 1)