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1
UNIT I
S.NO
2 MARKS
PAGE NO
Define strain.
2..14 10 8 KN / M 2
Define Poissons ratio. (Nov / Dec 04)
Find the force Pacting on the bar given in fig.(Apr/ May 04)
10
11
12
13
14
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2
15
16
17
18
19
20
G giga and
1G 10 9
1
volume of the bar, if and E 2.0 10 6 kg / cm 2
4
A bronze specimen has a E 1.2 10 6 kg / cm 2 and
C 0.47 10 6 kg / cm 2 . Determine
16 MARKS
11
S.NO
10
12
13
13
14
PAGENO
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19
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UNIT I
TWO MARKS:
1. Define stress and its types
When a body is acted upon by some load (or) external force, it undergoes
deformation (i.e. change in shape or dimensions)
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Stress is defined as the internal resistance offered by the material to the
extremely applied force, expressed per unit area.
stress
P applied load
A Area of sec tion
Types of stresses:
1.
Axial stress
2.
Bearing stress
3.
Bending stress
4.
Shear stress
Types of axial stress:
1.
Tensile stress
2.
Compressive stress.
2. Define strain.
Strain is defined as the ratio of change in length to the original length of the
member
Change in length (dl)
Strain =
Original length (l)
Tensile stress t
C.S . A
A
Tensile strain:
The strain corresponding to tensile stress is tensile strain.
Tensile strain e
l
l
Increase length
Original length
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t
e et
or
ec
Modulus of Rigidity:
It is defined as the ratio of shear stress ( ) to shear strain and is denoted by C,
N or G It is also called shear stress modulus of elasticity.
Bulk (or) Volume Modulus of Rigidity
It is defined as the ratio of normal stress (on each face of a solid cube) to
volumetric strain and is denoted by the letter K.
n
V
=
Distance from lower face
Volumetric strain:
It is defined as the ratio between change in volume and original volume of the
body
change in volume v
Original volume V
m2
l 50 mm (or) 0.05 m
P 100
KN
E 2.14 10 8 KN / m2
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Stress 1
E
100
P
250000 KN / m 2
A 0.0004
Stress
Strain
Strain
Stress
E
E
250000
2.14 10 8
l
250000
l
2.14 10 8
250000
0.05
2.14 10 8
Lateral strain
Longitudinal strain
8. Find the force P acting on the bar given in fig. (April / May 04)
Sum of all left direction force = Sum of all right direction force
50 + P = 45 + 15
P = 60 50 = 10 kN
9. What type of stress will be induced in a bar when the ends are restrained and
subjected to i) rise in temperature and ii) a fall in temperature? (April / May 04)
Thermal stresses: These are the stresses induced in a body due to
change in temperature. Thermal stresses are set up in a body, when the
temperature of the body is not allowed to expand or contract freely. i) Rise in
temperature compressive stress ii) a fall in temperature -tensile stress.
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10. Define principal plane and principal stress.
The plane, which have no shear stress, are known as principal planes. Hence
principal planes are the planes of zero shear stress. These planes carry only
normal stresses.
The normal stresses, acting on a principal plane, are known as principal
stresses.
11. Write down the relation between modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity
and that between modulus of elasticity and bulk modulus. (Nov/Dec 02)
The relation between modulus of elasticity and bulk modulus is given by
E = 3K (1-2/m)
The relation between modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity
E = 2G (1+(1/m))
12. When a rod of diameter 20mm is subjected to a tensile force of 40 kN, thje
extension is measured as 250 divisions in 200mm extension meter. Find the
modulus of elasticity if each division is equal to 0.001mm. (Nov/Dec 02)
Solution:
Diameter = 20mm ; P = 40 kN = 40 x 103 N ; Extension = 250 divisions
1 division = 0.001 mm; L = 200 mm
l = 250 x 0.001 = 0.25 mm
P / A 40 x10 3 / 314.16
E = /e =
0.25 / 200
l / l
Modulus of Elasticity = 101.85 x 103 N/mm2
13. What do you understand by the assumption, plane section remain plane even
after the application of load?
When some external load acts on the beam, the shear force and bending
moments are set up at aii sections of the beam. Due to the shear force and bending
moment, the beam undergoes certain deformation. After removal of the load the beam
will come to its original position based on that assumption.
14. A metal bar 50 mm x 50 mm section, is subjected to an axial
t = 50 mm
Area = 50 50 2500 mm 2
P = 500 KN
Length, l = 200 mm, l 0.5mm.
Increase in thickness, t 0.04mm
Youngs Modulus:
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pl
AE
500 10 3 200
0.5
E 80 KN / mm 2
2500 E
Poissions Ratio:
Lateral strain
Linear strain
1
0.0025 50
m
1
0.32
m
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1
p1l1 p 2 l 2 p3 l 3
AE
1
5 60 2 100 1 220
10 0.8 10 3
12
0.015cm 0.15mm
800
16. Steel bar is 900 mm long its two ends are 40 mm and 30 mm in
diameter and the length of each rod is 200 mm. the middle portion of
the bar is 15 mm in diameter and 500 mm long. If the bar is
subjected to an axial tensile load of 15 KN, find the total extension.
E 200 GN / m 2
G giga and
1G 10 9
P = 15 kN
A1 = 1256 mm2
A2 = 176.625 mm2
A3 = 706.50 mm2
l1 = 200 mm
l 2 = 500 mm
l 3 = 200 mm
Total extension of the bar:
l1 , l 2
l1
and l 3
pl1
A1 E
l2
pl2
A2 E
l3
pl3
A3 E
l l1 l 2 l 3
pl
pl1
pl
2 3
A1 E A2 E A3 E
P
E
l1
l
l2
3
A1 A2 A3
= 0.2454 mm.
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and E 2.0 10 6 kg / cm 2
L = 2 m = 200 cm, b = 2 cm, t = 1.5 cm.
Vol
1 1
m4
3 4
E 2 10 6 kg / cm 2
2
stress
e1
e
;
v
E
m
P 3000
1000 kg / cm 2
A bt
1000
1
6
2000
2 10
v
v
18.
1 2
1
2000 4
1
4000
1
600 0.15cm 3
4000
bronze
specimen has
6
2
C 0.47 10 kg / cm . Determine
E 1.2 10 6 kg / cm 2
and
Solution:
m 1.2 10 6
0.47 10
2m 1
6
mE
2m 1
0.94m 1 1.2m
0.94m 0.94 1.2m
0.94 1.2m 0..94m
0.94 m = 0.26 m
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1 0.26
1
0.277
m 0.94
m
19. Two parallel walls 6 m apart, are stayed together by a steel rod 20
mm passing through metal plates and nuts at each end. The nuts
are tightened home, when the rod is at a temp of 1000 C. Determine
the stress in the rod, when the temperature falls down 200C if.
a.
b.
E 2 10 6 kg / cm 2
and
12 10 / c
6
Solution:
Length of rod = l = 6m = 600 cm
of rod = d = 20 mm = 2 cm.
Temperature t = 1000 - 200 = 800 c
E 2 10 6 kg / cm 2 ; 12 10 6 / 0 C
tE
1 12 10 6 80 2 10 6 1920 kg / cm 2
when the ends yield by 1mm
2 12 10 6 8
0.1
6
2
2 10 158 kg / cm
600
n cos2 750kg / cm 2
t sin cos 433kg / cm 2
866 kg / cm 2
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21.
1 2
2
1 2
2
cos 2
1 2
2
Resultant stress
sin 2 433kg / cm 2
r n 2 t 2 1802 .8kg / cm 2
2 60 N / mm 2 ,
90 0 50 0 40
t 78.8N / mm 2
n 33.9 N / mm 2 ,
R 85.8 N / mm 2
Maximum shear stress;
t max
1 2
2
80 N / mm 2
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800 kg / cm 2 ,
Maximum intensity of stress:
2
tan 2
2 560
800
= 1.4
2 54 0 28'
27 014'
n1 2
2
2
2
n2
n 2 2 1088 .2kg / cm 2
2
2
2
2.5cm.
1500
305.5kg / cm 2
4.91
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1000
203.7kg / cm 2
4.91
Shear stress =
Angle which the plane makes with the longitudinal axis of the bolt = 60 0
Angle, which the plane makes with the normal to the longitudinal axis of the
bolt
90 0 60 0 30 0
Normal stress:
1 cos 2 sin 2
1
2
t sin 2 e cos 2
Shear stress:
= 30.5 kg/cme+
Resultant stress:
n 2 t 2
405.52 30.52
= 406.6 kg/cm.2
10 N / mm 2
Principal stresses:
n1
n2
1 2
2
1 2
2
2
2
2
1
61N / mm
2
2
2
2
2
1
41N / mm
2
2
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Maximum shear stress
n1 n 2
2
61 41
51N / mm 2
2
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Solution:
Outer diameter, D = 300 mm = 0.3 m
Thickness ,
t = 50 mm = 0.05 m
Length,
l=4m
E 1.5 10 8
KN / m2
d D 2t
0.3 2 0.05
= 0.2 m
i.
(or)
P
A
P A 75000
75000
ii.
0.3
4
D
4
d2
0.2
P = 2945.2 KN.
Longitudinal strain produced e:
Using the relation,
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strain, e
iii.
Stress
75,000
0.0005
E
1.5 10 8
strain
change in length
Original length
0.0005
l
4
l 0.0005 4
0.002 m = 2 mm
Hence decrease in length = 2 mm.
P
40
3.18 10 4 KN / m 2
A
0.042
4
Stress,
Strain, e
l
l
0.0304
0.000152
200
Stress 3.18 10 4
Strain 0.000152
2.09 10 8 KN / m2
E
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(ii)
161
(iii)
0.042
12.8 10 4 KN / m 2
Ultimate stress:
Maximum load
Ultimate stress =
Area
242
(iv).
0.042
19.2 10 4 KN / m 2
Percentage elongation:
Length of specimen at fracture original length
Percentage elongation =
Original length
249 200
0.245
200
= 24.5 %
d s 3mm, l s 0.75mm
Es 2.0 10 5 N / mm 2 ,
l b 2.5m,
d b 2mm
l b 4.64m
Modulus of Elasticity of brass, Eb :
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From Hookes law,
Wl
AE
l3
Wl3
As E s
0.75 W 2 1000
2
3 10 5
4
32
W 0.75
4
1
2 10 5
2000
(1)
Case 2:
For brass wire
lb
4.64
W lb
Ab E b
W 2.5 1000
2 E b
2
22
W 4.64
4
1
Eb
2500
(2)
0.75
32
4
2
1
1
2 10
4.64
Eb
4
2500
2000
2
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Eb 0.909 10 5 N / mm 2
4. A member formed by connecting a steel bar to an aluminium bar as
shown in fig. Assuming that the bars are prevented form buckling
sidewise; calculate the magnitude of force p1 that will cause the total
length of the member to decrease 0.25 mm. The values of elastic
modulus of steel and aluminum are 2101 KN / mm2 and 70 KN / mm2
Solution:
Given:
As 50 50 2500 mm 2
AA 100 100 10,000 mm 2
Length of steel bar = l3 = 300 mm.
= l 3 = 380 mm
l 0.25mm
E A 70 10 3 N / mm 2
Es 210 10 3 N / nn 2 :
l1
l
2
A1 E1 A2 E 2
l P
P = 224.36 KN
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Area at the reduced section
0.05
4
0.025 2 0.001472 m 2
1
Stress in the reduced section,
100 1000
0.001472
67.93 10 6 N / m 2
2.5 x .x
E
0.731 10 3
50.92 10 6 2.5 x 67.9 10 6 x
0.731 10 3
9
9
200 10
200 10
50.92 10 6 2.5 x 67.9 10 6 x 200 10 9 0.731 10 3
50.92 10 6
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e 200 10 9 N / m 2
Length of the bore x:
Stress in the solid rod,
P 100 1000
50.92 10 6 N / m 2
A
0.052
4
50.92 10 6 2.5
10 10 5
x
x
10
40
8
x
x
Ax 110 10 cm 2
8
8
Stress,
P
5000
kg / cm 2
x
Ax
10
8
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5000
1
x
x
6
40010
10 2 10
8
8
x
Strain, x E
ex.dx
dx
x
40010
8
cm
The total extension of the bar may be found out by integrating the above
equation between the limits 0 and 40.
(ie.)
400
40
dx
10
x
8
40
1
x
log
10
8 0
1
400
8
1
log e 5 log e 10
50
1
log e 10 log e 5
50
1
10
log
e
50
5
1
log e 2cm
50
1
2.3 log10 2cm
50
2.3 0.3010
50
log e
2.3 log 10
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10
3
A 50 50 2500 mm 2
and v 50 50 50 125000 mm 3
v
V
e X eY e Z
eX
x
E
Y
mE
Z
mE
P 6 10 3
2.4 N / mm 2
A 2500
P 8 10 3
Y
3.2 N / mm2
A
2500
PZ 4000
1.6 N / mm2
A 2500
eX
10 E
10 E
E
E
eY
E
10 E
10 E
E
eZ
10 E
10 E
E
E
v
v
e X eY e Z
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v
125 10 3
E
E
E
v 125 10 3
0.32
3
0
.
2
mm
200 10 3
Youngs Modulus:
P 60 10 3
84.9 N / mm 2
A
302
4
l
l
0.09
0.00045
200
E 188.67 KN / mm 2
ii.
Poissons ratio:
Lateral strain d / d
Linear strain
e
d / d
iii.
0.00039
0.00013
3
0.00013 13
45
m
0.00045 45
13
Modulus of rigidity:
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45
188.67 10 3
mE
C
13
73.19 KN / mm 2
2m 1
45
2 1
13
iv.
Bulk Modulus:
45
188 .67 10 3
mE
K
13
148 .95 KN / mm 2
3m 2
45
3 2
13
9.
At a point within a body subjected to two mutually
perpendicular directions, the stresses are 80 N/mm2 tensile and 40
N/mm2 tensile. Each of the above stresses is accompanied by a shear
stress of 60 N/mm2. Determine the normal stress. Shear stress and
resultant stress on an oblique plane inclined at an angle of 450 with
the axis of minor tensile stress.
Solution:
Given,
Major tensile stress, 1 80 N / mm 2
Minor tensile stress, 2 40 N / mm 2
Shear stress, q = 60 N/mm2
Angle of oblique plane, with the axis of minor tensile stress.
Normal stress ( n )
i.
1 2
2
1 2
2
cos 2 sin 2
80 40 80 40
n 120 N / mm 2
ii.
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1 2
2
28
sin 2 cos 2
80 40
sin 2 45 60 cos2 45
2
t 20 N / mm2
iii..
Resultant stress
n 2 t 2
= 121.665 N / mm2
1 600 cos 30 0
600 sin 30 0
2 400
Location:
lan2
2R
0 39 0 21'
1 2
Principal stress
n1
1 2
2
2
1
2
2
2
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= 766 kg/cm2
n2
1 2
2
2
2
1
2
2
= 154 kg/cm2
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UNIT II
ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSS, THIN CYLINDERS / SHELLS
Stability and equilibrium of plane frames types of trusses analysis of forces in
truss members method of joints, method of sections, method of tension
coefficients thin cylinders and shells under internal pressure deformation of
thin cylinders and shells.
S.NO
2 MARKS
PAGE NO
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10
S.NO
16 MARKS
1
Analyze the given truss using method of joints.
4
5
6
7
8
PAGENO
8
11
12
13
15
17
18
20
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UNIT II
TWO MARKS:
1.
Solution:
Given,
d = 1 m = 100 cm
t = 1 cm
Head of water, h = 100 m = 10,000 cm
Water pressure = P = wh = 1 x 10,000 gm/cm2
= 10 kg/cm2
w = 1 gm/cm2
Hoop stress:
f1
pd 10 100
500 kg / cm 2
2t
2 1
Longitudinal stress:
f2
2.
pd 10 100
250 kg / cm 2
4t
4 1
f1
pd
p 40kg / cm 2
2t
since the circumferential stress (ie) f1 is double the longitudinal stress (ie) f2.
There maximum stress is taken as the circumferential stress.
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f1
pd
p 40kg / cm 2
2t
f2
pd
p 80kg / cm 2
4t
Now the allowable pressure, in the gas cylinder is to be taken the lesser of the
two . Therefore allowable pressure P = 40 Kg/cm2
3.
t = 1.5cm ,
f.o.s 3.0, 1
f1
0.80
pd
2 1 t
100
15 d
2 0.80 1.5
working stress f 1
ul tensile stress
f .o.s
300
3
= 100 N/mm2
d = 160 cm = 1.6 cm
4.
5.
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To find out the reaction components at the supports and internal
forces in the frame, so far we have used three static equilibrium
equations. If the static equations are satisfied then it is called stable
frame.
6.
7.
f1
Pd
2t
f1 = Circumferential stress
P = internal pressure
d = diameter of thin cylinder
t = thickness of the cylinder
8.
l 0.70,
f1
(i)
Pd
2t
c 0.30
f2
Pd
2t
f1 = 120 N/mm2
f2 = 120 N / mm2
d = 1260 mm
d = 1080 mm
Maximum = 1080 mm
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9.
Pd
2t
f1
Pd
2t
d = 1.5 m = 1500 mm
f2 = 120 N/mm2
p = 1.68 N / mm2
p = 1.44 N / mm2
10.
f2
Pd
4t
f1 = Longitudinal stress
P = internal pressure
d = diameter of thin cylinder
t = thickness of the cylinder
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RB 12 8 1.5 3 4 6 8 = 72
R B 6 KN
and RA = Total vertical loads - RB
3 6 RB
= 3KN
AC
AC
2.5.
AC 2 cd 2
22 1.52
8KN
cos
2
0.8
2.5
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sin
1.5
0.6
2.5
Joint A:
Resolving the forces vertically,
FCA Sin 3KN
FCA
3
5KN (comp)
sin
Horizontally
sin FCF
sin
FCA FCF
Horizontally,
FCD FCA cos FCF cos
FCD 8KN comp
Joint F:
Resolving vertically,
FDF 0
Resolving Horizontally,
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FGF 16 KN Tensile
Joint D
Resolving vertically,
f DG sin f Df sin
f DG 0
Resolving Horizontically,
f DE f CD 8KN
f DE 8KN comp
Joint G
Resolving vertically,
f GE sin f DG sin 6
f GE 10 KN Tensile
Resolving Horizontally,
f GB 16 f GE Cos
16 10 0.8
= 8 KN (Tensile)
Joint E
Resolving vertically,
f GE sin f BE sin
f BE FGE 10
f BE 10 KN (comp)
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2.
P = 2 N/mm2
f1
pd
2 l t
t = 2 cm
l 0.90
120 2 0.9 2
216.0cm
2
f2
pd
4 c t
f1 = 120 N/mm2
(i)
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d = 192 cm
If d is taken as equal to 216.0 cm , the longitudinal stress (f2) will be more than the
given permissible value
f2
3.
pd
135 N / mm 2
4 C t
i.
1
0.3
m
Change in diameter
pd 2
1
d
1
2tE 2m
2 1000
2 10 2 10 5
2
2m
= 0.425 mm
ii.
Chang e in length
pdL 1 1
2tE 2 m
2 1000 3000 1
0.3
5
2 10 2 10 2
= 1.5
0.2
= 0.3 mm
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iii.
Change in volume
v
V
d
d
L
L
0.425 0.3
2
1000 3000
1000 2 3000
pd
8t
= 25 N/mm2
4.
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And
VA=(2+4) 3.5
=2.5t.
Methods of joints:
Consider the joint A. Let the directions of FAB and FAE be assumed as
shown in fig.
Resolving the forces vertically and equating the same,
FAB sin 60 =2.5
FAB= 2.5 / sin 60
=2.9t (Comp)
Resolving the forces horizontally and equating the same.
FAE FAB cos 60 =0
FAE = FAB cos 60
=2.9*0.5
=1.45t
Now consider joint D. Let the directions of FCD and FDE be assumed as shown.
Resolving the forces vertically and equating the same.
FCD sin 60 =3.5
FCD=3.5/sin60
=4.04t (Comp)
Now resolving the forces horizontally and equating the same.
FDE = FCD cos 60
=4.04*0.5
=2.02t (Tension)
Now consider joint B. Let the directions of FBC and FBE be assumed as shown.
Resolving the forces vertically and equating the same.
FBE sin60= FAB sin60 -2
=2.9*0.866 2
=0.5t.
FBE= 0.5 / sin60
=0.58t (Tension)
Resolving the forces horizontally and equating the same.
FBC=2.9 cos60 +(0.58cos 60
FBC=1.74t ( Comp)
Now resolving joint C. Let the direction of FCE is assumed as shown in fig.
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5.
The truss is hinged at A and hence the support reactions at A will consists of a
horizontal reactions HA and a vertical reaction RA.
AC=4 cos = 4*0.866 = 3.464 m.
AB=2*AC = 2*3.464 = 6.928m.
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Taking moments about A,
RB * 12 = (2*AC) +(1*AD) +(1*AE)
RB=1.77kN
Total vertical components of inclined loads,
=(1+2+1) sin 60 + 1
=4.464 kN
RA= Vertical component of inclined loads
= 4.464-1.77
=2.69 kN
HA= Sum of all horizontal components
=2kN
Resolving vertically,
FAC sin30 + (1*sin 60) = 2.974
FAC=4.216 kN(Comp)
Resolving horizontally,
FAE = 2+(FAC cos 30 ) (1*cos 60)
= 5.15 kN (Tensile)
Joint C:
FCE=2 kN (Comp)
FCD=FAC=4.216 kN (Comp)
Joint E:
Resolving vertically,
1+(2*sin60) = FED sin60
FED=3.155 (Tensile)
Resolving horizontally,
5.15-(2*cos60) FED cos 60 - FEF=0
FEF=8 kN (Tensile)
At the joint G, two forces FBG and FDG are in the same straight line and hence the third
force FGF should zero.
Joint F:
In vertical,
FDF sin 60=0
FDF=0
In horizontal,
FFB=FEF=2.58 kN (Tensile)
Joint B:
In vertical,
FBG sin 30 = 1.49
FBG=2.98 kN(Comp)
Joint G:
FGD=FBG=2.98 kN
FGD=2.98 kN(Comp)
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16
6.
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17
(10*3) + (F1*4) =0
F1=-7kN (Comp)
Now taking moments about point C,
(F2*3) (9*3) +(F3*4) = 0
Substituting the value of F3,
F2=-1.0 kN (Comp)
F1=FCD=7kN(Comp)
F2=FDG=1 kN (Comp)
F3=FGH=7.5 kN(Comp)
7.
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18
(RC*8) + (50*3) = (100*4)
RC=31.25 kN
RA + RC=100
RA=68.7 kN
HC=50kN
Coefficients:
A=(0,0)
B=(4,3)
C=(8,0)
D=(4,0)
Joint A:
tAB(XB-XA) + tAD(XD-XA)=0
tAB(YB-YA) + tAD(YD-YA)=0
tAB(4) + tAD(4) =0
tAB(3) + tAD(0) =0
Equating this equation,
tAB=0 and tAD=0;
FAB=tAB*LAB=0
FAD=tAD*LAD=0
Joint B:
tBA(XA-XB) + tBD(XD-XB)+tBC(XC-XB)-50=0
tBA(YA-YB) + tBD(YD-YB)+tBC(YC-YB)=0
tBA(-4) + tBD(4-4)+tBC(8-4)-50=0
tBA(-3) + tBD(-3)+tBC(-3)=0
tBC = 12.5 kN
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19
8.
=sin-(4/5)
=53.13
Taking moment A,
(RC*6) = (8*3) +(6*4)
=8kN
RA=Total Load - RC
=0.
HA=6kN
Coefficients:
A=(0,0)
B=(3,0)
C=(6,0)
D=(6,4)
E=(3,4)
Joint A:
tAB(XB-XA) + tAE(XE-XA)=0
tAB(YB-YA) + tAE(YE-YA)=0
tAB(3) + tAE(3)=0
tAB(0) + tAE(4)=0
Equating this equation,
tAE=0 and tAB=0.
FAB=tAB*LAB=0
FAE=tAD*LAE=0
Joint B:
tBA(XA-XB) + tBC(XC-XB)+tBE(XE-XB)=0
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20
tBA(YA-YB) + tBC(YC-YB)+tBE(YE-YB)-8=0
-3tBA+ (3tBC) = 0
tBA and tBC are zero.
4tBE=8
tBE=2
FBA=tBA*LBA=0
FBC=tBC*LBC=0
FBE=tBE*LBE=2*4
=8 kN (Tension)
Joint C:
tCB(XB-XC) + tCE(XE-XC)+tCD(XD-XC)-6=0
tCB(YB-YC) + tCE(YE-YC)+tCD(YD-YC)+8=0
-3tCB 3tCE-6 = 0
4tCE+4tCD+8=0
Equating this equation,
tBC=0;
tCE=-2;
tCD=0;
FCD=0; FCB=0; FCE=(tCE x LCE) = -2 x 5 = -10 kN (Comp)
Joint D:
tDE (XE XD) + tDC (XC XD) +6 =0
tDE (YE YD) + tDC (YC YD) + 0 =0
-3tDE + 6 = 0 . This implies tDE = 2.0
-4tDC = 0 Therefore tDC = 0
FDC = 0:
Result:
FAB = FAE = 0
FBE = 8 kN (T)
FBC = 0
FCE = 10 kN (c)
FCD = 0
FCE = 6 kN (T)