Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BERTHING MODES
Side berthing
Typical values
0 15
100mm/s V 300mm/s
60 90
Dolphin berthing
Tug
Typical values
0 10
100mm/s V 200mm/s
30 90
V
End berthing
Typical values
0 10
200mm/s V 500mm/s
0 10
Lock entrances
Typical values
0 30
300mm/s V 2000mm/s
0 30
Ship-to-ship berthing
Typical values
0 15
150mm/s V 500mm/s
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
60 90
1212
BERTHING ENERGY
The kinetic energy of a berthing ship needs to be absorbed by a suitable fender system and this is most commonly
carried out using well recognised deterministic methods as outlined in the following sections.
EN = 0.5 M VB2 CM CE CC CS
Where,
EN = Normal berthing energy to be absorbed by the fender (kNm)
M = Mass of the vessel (displacement in tonne) at chosen confidence level.*
VB = Approach velocity component perpendicular to the berthing line (m/s).
CM = Added mass coefficient
CE = Eccentricity coefficient
CC = Berth configuration coefficient
CS = Softness coefficient
* PIANC suggests 50% or 75% confidence limits (M50 or M75) are appropriate to most cases.
Berthing velocity (VB) is usually based on displacement at 50% confidence limit (M50).
EA = FS EN
Size
FS
Largest
Smallest
1.25
1.75
Container
Largest
Smallest
1.5
2.0
General cargo
Where,
EA = Abnormal berthing energy to be absorbed by the fender (kNm)
FS = Safety factor for abnormal berthings
Choosing a suitable safety factor (FS) will depend on many factors:
B
B
B
B
B
B
1.75
RoRo, ferries
2.0
2.0
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
1213
SHIP DEFINITIONS
Many different definitions are used to describe ship sizes and classes. Some of the more common descriptions are
given below.
Vessel Type
DWT
Small feeder
200m 23m 9m
Feeder
Panamax1
Post-Panamax
Comments
1st Generation container
<1,000 teu
2nd Generation container
1,0002,500 teu
3rd Generation container
2,5005,000 teu
4th Generation container
5,0008,000 teu
5th Generation container
>8,000 teu
All vessel types in Suez Canal
Seaway-Max3
Handysize
Bulk carrier
Cape Size
130,000200,000 dwt
Bulk carrier
>200,000 dwt
Bulk carrier
200,000300,000 dwt
Oil tanker
>300,000 dwt
Oil tanker
1. Panama Canal
Lock chambers are 305m long and
33.5m wide. The largest depth of the
canal is 12.513.7m. The canal is about
86km long and passage takes eight
hours.
2. Suez Canal
The canal, connecting the Mediterranean
and Red Sea, is about 163km long and
varies from 80135m wide. It has no
lock chambers but most of the canal has
a single traffic lane with passing bays.
3. St Lawrence Seaway
The seaway system allows ships to
pass from the Atlantic Ocean to the
Great Lakes via six short canals totalling
110km, with 19 locks, each 233m long,
24.4m wide and 9.1m deep.
The ship tables show laden draft (DL) of vessels. The draft of a partly loaded ship (D) can be estimated using the
formula below:
LWT
MD = LWT + DWT
DWT
=
MD
DL LWT
MD
DL (MD DWT)
MD
DL
75%
Ship tables originally appeared in PIANC 2002. They are divided into
Confidence Limits (CL) which are defined as the proportion of ships of the
same DWT with dimensions equal to or less than those in the table. PIANC
considers 50% to 75% confidence limits are the most appropriate for design.
Please ask Trelleborg Marine Systems for supplementary tables of latest
and largest vessel types including Container, RoRo, Cruise and LNG.
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
1214
50%
SHIP TABLES
smaller
larger
Wind area
Type
General
cargo ship
Bulk carrier
Container
ship
Oil tanker
DWT/GRT
Displacement
M50
LOA
LBP
FL
DL
Lateral
Front
Full Load
Ballast
1000
1580
63
58
10.3
1.6
3.6
227
292
2000
3040
78
72
12.4
1.9
4.5
348
3000
4460
88
82
13.9
2.1
5.1
447
5000
7210
104
96
16.0
2.3
6.1
7000
9900
115
107
17.6
2.5
6.8
10000
13900
128
120
19.5
2.7
15000
20300
146
136
21.8
3.0
20000
26600
159
149
23.6
30000
39000
181
170
26.4
40000
51100
197
186
5000
6740
106
98
7000
9270
116
108
10000
13000
129
15000
19100
20000
25000
30000
50000
Full Load
Ballast
59
88
463
94
134
605
123
172
612
849
173
236
754
1060
216
290
7.6
940
1340
274
361
8.7
1210
1760
359
463
3.1
9.6
1440
2130
435
552
3.5
10.9
1850
2780
569
709
28.6
3.7
12.0
2210
3370
690
846
15.0
2.3
6.1
615
850
205
231
16.6
2.6
6.7
710
1010
232
271
120
18.5
2.9
7.5
830
1230
264
320
145
135
21.0
3.3
8.4
980
1520
307
387
157
148
23.0
3.6
9.2
1110
1770
341
443
36700
176
167
26.1
4.1
10.3
1320
2190
397
536
59600
204
194
32.3
4.8
12.0
1640
2870
479
682
798
70000
81900
224
215
32.3
5.3
13.3
1890
3440
542
100000
115000
248
239
37.9
5.9
14.8
2200
4150
619
940
150000
168000
279
270
43.0
6.6
16.7
2610
5140
719
1140
200000
221000
303
294
47.0
7.2
18.2
2950
5990
800
1310
250000
273000
322
314
50.4
7.8
19.4
3240
6740
868
1450
7000
10200
116
108
19.6
2.4
6.9
1320
1360
300
396
10000
14300
134
125
21.6
3.0
7.7
1690
1700
373
477
15000
21100
157
147
24.1
3.9
8.7
2250
2190
478
591
20000
27800
176
165
26.1
4.6
9.5
2750
2620
569
687
25000
34300
192
180
27.7
5.2
10.2
3220
3010
652
770
30000
40800
206
194
29.1
5.8
10.7
3660
3370
729
850
40000
53700
231
218
32.3
6.8
11.7
4480
4040
870
990
50000
66500
252
238
32.3
7.7
12.5
5230
4640
990
1110
60000
79100
271
256
35.2
8.5
13.2
5950
5200
1110
1220
1000
1450
59
54
9.7
0.5
3.8
170
266
78
80
2000
2810
73
68
12.1
0.7
4.7
251
401
108
117
3000
4140
83
77
13.7
1.0
5.3
315
509
131
146
5000
6740
97
91
16.0
1.4
6.1
419
689
167
194
7000
9300
108
102
17.8
1.7
6.7
505
841
196
233
10000
13100
121
114
19.9
2.0
7.5
617
1040
232
284
15000
19200
138
130
22.5
2.6
8.4
770
1320
281
355
20000
25300
151
143
24.6
3.1
9.1
910
1560
322
416
30000
37300
171
163
27.9
3.7
10.3
1140
1990
390
520
50000
60800
201
192
32.3
4.9
11.9
1510
2690
497
689
70000
83900
224
214
36.3
5.7
13.2
1830
3280
583
829
100000
118000
250
240
40.6
6.8
14.6
2230
4050
690
1010
150000
174000
284
273
46.0
8.3
16.4
2800
5150
840
1260
200000
229000
311
300
50.3
9.4
17.9
3290
6110
960
1480
300000
337000
354
342
57.0
11.4
20.1
4120
7770
1160
1850
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
1215
50%
SHIP TABLES
smaller
larger
Type
RoRo ship
Passenger
(cruise) ship
DWT/GRT
Displacement
M50
LOA
LBP
FL
DL
Wind area
Lateral
Front
Full Load Ballast Full Load Ballast
1000
1970
66
60
13.2
2.0
3.2
700
810
216
217
2000
3730
85
78
15.6
2.9
4.1
970
1110
292
301
3000
5430
99
90
17.2
3.6
4.8
1170
1340
348
364
5000
8710
119
109
19.5
4.7
5.8
1480
1690
435
464
7000
11900
135
123
21.2
5.5
6.6
1730
1970
503
544
10000
16500
153
141
23.1
6.7
7.5
2040
2320
587
643
15000
24000
178
163
25.6
8.2
8.7
2460
2790
701
779
20000
31300
198
182
27.4
9.5
9.7
2810
3180
794
890
30000
45600
229
211
30.3
11.7
11.3
3400
3820
950
1080
1000
850
60
54
11.4
2.2
1.9
426
452
167
175
2000
1580
76
68
13.6
2.8
2.5
683
717
225
234
3000
2270
87
78
15.1
3.2
3.0
900
940
267
277
5000
3580
104
92
17.1
3.9
3.6
1270
1320
332
344
7000
4830
117
103
18.6
4.5
4.1
1600
1650
383
396
10000
6640
133
116
20.4
5.0
4.8
2040
2090
446
459
15000
9530
153
132
22.5
5.9
5.6
2690
2740
530
545
20000
12300
169
146
24.2
5.2
7.6
3270
3320
599
614
30000
17700
194
166
26.8
7.3
7.6
4310
4350
712
728
50000
27900
231
197
30.5
10.6
7.6
6090
6120
880
900
70000
37600
260
220
33.1
13.1
7.6
7660
7660
1020
1040
1000
810
59
54
12.7
1.9
2.7
387
404
141
145
2000
1600
76
69
15.1
2.5
3.3
617
646
196
203
3000
2390
88
80
16.7
2.8
3.7
811
851
237
247
5000
3940
106
97
19.0
3.3
4.3
1150
1200
302
316
7000
5480
119
110
20.6
3.7
4.8
1440
1510
354
372
10000
7770
135
125
22.6
4.2
5.3
1830
1930
419
442
15000
11600
157
145
25.0
4.7
6.0
2400
2540
508
537
20000
15300
174
162
26.8
5.2
6.5
2920
3090
582
618
30000
22800
201
188
29.7
5.9
7.4
3830
4070
705
752
40000
30300
223
209
31.9
6.5
8.0
4660
4940
810
860
1000
2210
68
63
11.1
1.0
4.3
350
436
121
139
2000
4080
84
78
13.7
1.6
5.2
535
662
177
203
3000
5830
95
89
15.4
2.0
5.8
686
846
222
254
5000
9100
112
104
17.9
2.7
6.7
940
1150
295
335
7000
12300
124
116
19.8
3.2
7.4
1150
1410
355
403
10000
16900
138
130
22.0
3.8
8.2
1430
1750
432
490
15000
24100
157
147
24.8
4.6
9.3
1840
2240
541
612
20000
31100
171
161
27.1
5.4
10.0
2190
2660
634
716
30000
44400
194
183
30.5
6.1
11.7
2810
3400
794
894
50000
69700
227
216
35.5
9.6
11.7
3850
4630
1050
1180
70000
94000
252
240
39.3
12.3
11.7
4730
5670
1270
1420
100000
128000
282
268
43.7
15.6
11.7
5880
7030
1550
1730
Ferry
Gas carrier
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
1216
75%
SHIP TABLES
smaller
larger
Wind area
Type
General
cargo ship
Bulk carrier
Container
ship
Oil tanker
DWT/GRT
Displacement
M75
LOA
LBP
FL
DL
Lateral
Front
Full Load
Ballast
Full Load
Ballast
1000
1690
67
62
10.8
1.9
3.9
278
342
63
93
2000
3250
83
77
13.1
2.3
4.9
426
541
101
142
3000
4750
95
88
14.7
2.5
5.6
547
708
132
182
5000
7690
111
104
16.9
2.8
6.6
750
993
185
249
7000
10600
123
115
18.6
3.0
7.4
922
1240
232
307
10000
14800
137
129
20.5
3.3
8.3
1150
1570
294
382
15000
21600
156
147
23.0
3.6
9.5
1480
2060
385
490
20000
28400
170
161
24.9
3.9
10.4
1760
2490
466
585
30000
41600
193
183
27.8
4.3
11.9
2260
3250
611
750
40000
54500
211
200
30.2
4.6
13.0
2700
3940
740
895
5000
6920
109
101
15.5
2.4
6.2
689
910
221
245
7000
9520
120
111
17.2
2.6
6.9
795
1090
250
287
10000
13300
132
124
19.2
2.9
7.7
930
1320
286
340
15000
19600
149
140
21.8
3.3
8.6
1100
1630
332
411
20000
25700
161
152
23.8
3.6
9.4
1240
1900
369
470
30000
37700
181
172
27.0
4.1
10.6
1480
2360
428
569
50000
61100
209
200
32.3
4.7
12.4
1830
3090
518
723
70000
84000
231
221
32.3
5.2
13.7
2110
3690
586
846
100000
118000
255
246
39.2
5.9
15.2
2460
4460
669
1000
150000
173000
287
278
44.5
6.7
17.1
2920
5520
777
1210
200000
227000
311
303
48.7
7.3
18.6
3300
6430
864
1380
250000
280000
332
324
52.2
7.8
19.9
3630
7240
938
1540
7000
10700
123
115
20.3
2.6
7.2
1460
1590
330
444
10000
15100
141
132
22.4
3.3
8.0
1880
1990
410
535
15000
22200
166
156
25.0
4.3
9.0
2490
2560
524
663
20000
29200
186
175
27.1
5.0
9.9
3050
3070
625
771
25000
36100
203
191
28.8
5.7
10.6
3570
3520
716
870
30000
43000
218
205
30.2
6.4
11.1
4060
3950
800
950
40000
56500
244
231
32.3
7.4
12.2
4970
4730
950
1110
50000
69900
266
252
32.3
8.4
13.0
5810
5430
1090
1250
60000
83200
286
271
36.5
9.2
13.8
6610
6090
1220
1370
1000
1580
61
58
10.2
0.5
4.0
190
280
86
85
2000
3070
76
72
12.6
0.8
4.9
280
422
119
125
3000
4520
87
82
14.3
1.1
5.5
351
536
144
156
5000
7360
102
97
16.8
1.5
6.4
467
726
184
207
7000
10200
114
108
18.6
1.8
7.1
564
885
216
249
10000
14300
127
121
20.8
2.1
7.9
688
1090
255
303
15000
21000
144
138
23.6
2.7
8.9
860
1390
309
378
20000
27700
158
151
25.8
3.2
9.6
1010
1650
355
443
30000
40800
180
173
29.2
3.9
10.9
1270
2090
430
554
50000
66400
211
204
32.3
5.0
12.6
1690
2830
548
734
70000
91600
235
227
38.0
6.0
13.9
2040
3460
642
884
100000
129000
263
254
42.5
7.1
15.4
2490
4270
761
1080
150000
190000
298
290
48.1
8.5
17.4
3120
5430
920
1340
200000
250000
327
318
42.6
9.8
18.9
3670
6430
1060
1570
300000
368000
371
363
59.7
11.9
21.2
4600
8180
1280
1970
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
1217
75%
SHIP TABLES
smaller
larger
Type
RoRo ship
Passenger
(cruise) ship
DWT/GRT
Displacement
M75
LOA
LBP
FL
DL
Wind area
Lateral
Front
Full Load Ballast Full Load Ballast
1000
2190
73
66
14.0
2.7
3.5
880
970
232
232
2000
4150
94
86
16.6
3.9
4.5
1210
1320
314
323
3000
6030
109
99
18.3
4.7
5.3
1460
1590
374
391
5000
9670
131
120
20.7
6.1
6.4
1850
2010
467
497
7000
13200
148
136
22.5
7.3
7.2
2170
2350
541
583
10000
18300
169
155
24.6
8.8
8.2
2560
2760
632
690
15000
26700
196
180
27.2
10.7
9.6
3090
3320
754
836
20000
34800
218
201
29.1
12.4
10.7
3530
3780
854
960
30000
50600
252
233
32.2
15.2
12.4
4260
4550
1020
1160
1000
1030
64
60
12.1
2.3
2.6
464
486
187
197
2000
1910
81
75
14.4
2.9
3.4
744
770
251
263
3000
2740
93
86
16.0
3.4
4.0
980
1010
298
311
5000
4320
112
102
18.2
4.2
4.8
1390
1420
371
386
7000
5830
125
114
19.8
4.7
5.5
1740
1780
428
444
10000
8010
142
128
21.6
5.3
6.4
2220
2250
498
516
15000
11500
163
146
23.9
6.2
7.5
2930
2950
592
611
20000
14900
180
160
25.7
7.3
8.0
3560
3570
669
690
30000
21300
207
183
28.4
9.8
8.0
4690
4680
795
818
50000
33600
248
217
32.3
13.7
8.0
6640
6580
990
1010
70000
45300
278
243
35.2
16.6
8.0
8350
8230
1140
1170
1000
1230
67
61
14.3
2.1
3.4
411
428
154
158
2000
2430
86
78
17.0
2.6
4.2
656
685
214
221
3000
3620
99
91
18.8
2.9
4.8
862
903
259
269
5000
5970
119
110
21.4
3.5
5.5
1220
1280
330
344
7000
8310
134
124
23.2
3.9
6.1
1530
1600
387
405
10000
11800
153
142
25.4
4.3
6.8
1940
2040
458
482
15000
17500
177
164
28.1
5.0
7.6
2550
2690
555
586
20000
23300
196
183
30.2
5.5
8.3
3100
3270
636
673
30000
34600
227
212
33.4
6.2
9.4
4070
4310
771
819
40000
45900
252
236
35.9
6.9
10.2
4950
5240
880
940
1000
2480
71
66
11.7
1.1
4.6
390
465
133
150
2000
4560
88
82
14.3
1.5
5.7
597
707
195
219
3000
6530
100
93
16.1
2.0
6.4
765
903
244
273
5000
10200
117
109
18.8
2.6
7.4
1050
1230
323
361
7000
13800
129
121
20.8
3.2
8.1
1290
1510
389
434
10000
18900
144
136
23.1
3.9
9.0
1600
1870
474
527
15000
27000
164
154
26.0
4.8
10.1
2050
2390
593
658
20000
34800
179
169
28.4
5.5
11.0
2450
2840
696
770
30000
49700
203
192
32.0
6.7
12.3
3140
3630
870
961
50000
78000
237
226
37.2
10.5
12.3
4290
4940
1150
1270
Ferry
Gas carrier
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
70000
105000
263
251
41.2
13.4
12.3
5270
6050
1390
1530
100000
144000
294
281
45.8
16.9
12.3
6560
7510
1690
1860
1218
0.8
a
b
c
d
e
0.7
VB
e
0.6
Berthing condition
Easy berthing, sheltered
Difficult berthing, sheltered
Easy berthing, exposed
Good berthing, exposed
Difficult berthing, exposed
d
0.5
c
0.4
most commonly
used conditions
0.3
b
0.2
a
0.1
USE WITH CAUTION
0
1,000
10,000
100,000
500,000
Deadweight (DWT)*
* PIANC suggests using DWT from 50% or 75% confidence limit ship tables.
Velocity, VB (m/s)
a
1,000
0.179
0.343
0.517
0.669
0.865
2,000
0.151
0.296
0.445
0.577
0.726
3,000
0.136
0.269
0.404
0.524
0.649
4,000
0.125
0.250
0.374
0.487
0.597
5,000
0.117
0.236
0.352
0.459
0.558
10,000
0.094
0.192
0.287
0.377
0.448
20,000
0.074
0.153
0.228
0.303
0.355
30,000
0.064
0.133
0.198
0.264
0.308
40,000
0.057
0.119
0.178
0.239
0.279
50,000
0.052
0.110
0.164
0.221
0.258
100,000
0.039
0.083
0.126
0.171
0.201
200,000
0.028
0.062
0.095
0.131
0.158
300,000
0.022
0.052
0.080
0.111
0.137
400,000
0.019
0.045
0.071
0.099
0.124
500,000
0.017
0.041
0.064
0.090
0.115
DWT
caution.
B Values are for tug-assisted
berthing.
B Spreadsheets for calculating the
approach velocity and berthing
energy are available at
www.trelleborg.com/marine .
B Actual berthing velocities can be
measured, displayed and recorded
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
1219
CB =
MD
LBP B D SW
where,
MD = displacement of vessel (t)
LBP = length between perpendiculars (m)
B = beam (m)
D = draft (m)
SW = seawater density 1.025t/m3
Container vessels
General cargo and bulk carriers
Tankers
0.60.8
0.720.85
0.85
Ferries
RoRo vessels
0.550.65
0.70.8
LBP
MD CB LBP B D SW
PIANC (2002)
for
KC
0.1
for
KC
D
KC
D
0.5
VB
KC
Vasco Costa*
(1964)
0.5
KC
D
CM = 1.875 0.75
CM = 1.5
CM =
D
2 CB B
CM = 1 +
2D
B
where,
D = draft of vessel (m)
B = beam of vessel (m)
LBP = length between
perpendiculars (m)
KC = under keel clearance (m)
1219
CM = 1.8
for 0.1
Quay
CM = 1.1
Recommended by PIANC.
1220
LBP
y
B
2
berthing line
VB
V
VL
VL = longitudinal velocity component (forward or astern)
x+y=
R=
LBP
2
y2 +
B
2
Quarter-point berthing
K = (0.19 CB + 0.11) LBP
x=
2
CE =
LBP
4
CE 0.40.6
K + R cos
Third-point berthing
K2 + R2
x=
where,
B = beam (m)
CB = block coefficient
LBP = length between perpendiculars (m)
R = centre of mass to point of impact (m)
K = radius of gyration (m)
LBP
3
CE 0.60.8
Midships berthing
x=
LBP
2
CE 1.0
Dolphin berths
Tug
V
R
V
a
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
1221
Mode b)
Mode c)
15
Breasting
dolphins
Outer end
A
A
V1
Breasting
dolphins
0.25LS
Approach
V1
1.05LL
0.25LS
15
V2
0.25LS
V2
0.25LS
Inner end
V3
V3
0.25LS
0.25LS
Fender
Side
B
C
Side
End
Typical values
100mm/s V1 300mm/s
60 90
300mm/s V2 500mm/s
N/A
200mm/s V3 500mm/s
0 10
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
Fender
Side
Typical values
1000mm/s V1 3000mm/s
0 50
B
C
Side
End
500mm/s V2 1000mm/s
200mm/s V3 500mm/s
0 50
0 10
1222
Closed structure
Semi-closed structure
PIANC recommends the following values:
Open structures including berth corners
Berthing angles > 5
Very low berthing velocities
Large underkeel clearance
CC = 1.0
B
B
B
B
CC = 0.9
CS = 0.9
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
1223
Reaction
FENDER SELECTION
ENERGY
= area under curve
Deflection
Comparing efficiency
Fender efficiency is defined as the
ratio of the energy absorbed to
the reaction force generated. This
method allows fenders of many sizes
and types to be compared as the
example shows.
Comparisons should also be made
at other compression angles, speeds
and temperatures when applicable.
Super Cone
SCN 1050 (E2)
SeaGuard
SG 2000 3500 (STD)
E = 458kNm
R = 843kN
D = 768mm
P = 187kN/m2 *
E = 454kNm
R = 845kN
D = 1200mm
P = 172kN/m2
E
= 0.543 kNm/kN
R
* for a 4.5m2 panel
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
E
= 0.537 kNm/kN
R
1224
FENDER PITCH
Bow radiu
s,
RB
P/
2
h = H F
P/
2
Fender pitch
LOA2
8B
where,
RB = bow radius (m)
B = beam of vessel (m)
LOA = vessel length overall (m)
The bow radius formula is
approximate and should be checked
against actual ship dimensions
where possible.
Caution
Large fender spacings
may work in theory but
in practice a maximum
spacing of 1215m is more
realistic.
Bow radius
RB
Cruise liner
Container ship
200
Bulk carrier/
general cargo
150
100
50
0
0
65
Displacement (1000 t)
140 0
425
Displacement (1000 t)
Displacement (1000 t)
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
1225
RB
F2
2-fender contact
RB
RB
F1
RB
F2
Berthing
H line
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
P/
2
P/
2
Berthing
line
ANGULAR BERTHING
The berthing angle between the fender and the ships hull may result in some loss of energy absorption. Angular berthing
means the horizontal and/or vertical angle between the ships hull and the berthing structure at the point of contact.
There are three possible conditions for the effects of angular berthing: flare, bow radius and dolphin.
Flare
Bow radius
Dolphin
Bow
s, RB
u
radi
P
sin =
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007
P
2RB
1226
Full-face contact
Low-level impact
Double contact
nT
F1
R1
R2
F2
Steel Properties
PIANC steel thicknesses
Standard
EN 10025
Grade
Temperature
N/mm
psi
N/mm
psi
S235JR
(1.0038)
235
34 000
360
52 000
S275JR
(1.0044)
275
40 000
420
61 000
S355J2
(1.0570)
355
51 000
510
74 000
-20
-4
S355J0
(1.0553)
355
51 000
510
74 000
32
SS41
235
34 000
402
58 000
32
SS50
275
40 000
402
58 000
32
SM50
314
46 000
490
71 000
32
A-36
250
36 000
400
58 000
32
A-572
345
50 000
450
65 000
32
12mm
9mm
8mm
JIS G-3101
The national standards of France and Germany have been replaced by EN 10025. In the
UK, BS4360 has been replaced by BS EN 10025. The table above is for guidance only
and is not comprehensive. Actual specifications should be consulted in all cases for the
full specifications of steel grades listed and other similar grades.
Light duty
Medium duty
200250kg/m2
250300kg/m2
Heavy duty
Extreme duty
300400kg/m2
400kg/m2
M1100-S12-V1.1-EN
Trelleborg AB, 2007