DELAY LINE CANCELLER (MTI RADAR)

Delay line canceller acts as a filter to eliminate the dc components. In this the current signal
is delayed by one pulse time period (reciprocal of pulse repetition frequency) and
subtracted from the signal coming next. Only fluctuating signal from moving targets
remain and signal from stationary targets are cancelled out. In the indicator, the positions
of stationary targets will show dark patches whereas moving targets will show spots which
periodically fluctuate in brightness.

BLIND SPEED
Blind speed is defined as the radial velocity of the target at which no shift appears making
the target appear stationary and as a result echoes from these targets are cancelled. Blind
speed corresponds to phase difference of 2 radians between successive pulses and for this
the MTI response is zero.
In delay line canceller, the signals are delayed by one pulse time period (T=1/prf) and then
subtracted. When the signal from moving target fluctuates in such a way that signal after
this time delay T is same as the signal before this time delay, then the resultant signal after
subtraction is zero. Thus, the radar fails to detect, or is blind to, the presence of such a
moving target.
This happens when Doppler frequency shift f d is a integer multiple of pulse repletion
frequency fp i.e.
fd = n* fp ; n=1,2,3..

vr =

vr

= n* fp

nf p n
=
2
2T

where n=1,2,3,.. and T=1/ fp

TRACKING RADAR
A tracking radar system
1) Measures the coordinates of a target
2) Provides data which may be used to determine the target path and to predict its future
position

Radar range, elevation angle, azimuth angle and Doppler frequency shift may be used in
predicting future position.
Types of tracking radar
1. Continuous tracking radar:
It supplies continuous tracking data on a particular target. The antenna beam in
this radar is positioned in angle by a servo mechanism actuated by an error signal.
The various methods for generating error signal may be classified as:
i.
Sequential lobing
ii.
Conical scan
iii.
Simultaneous lobing
iv. Monopulse
2. Track-while-scan (TWS) radar:
This type of tracking radar supplies sampled data on one or more targets. Here the
radar allocates part of its power to tracking target or targets while part of its power
is allocated to scanning. This helps to get an overall view of the airspace and helps
maintaining better situational awareness.

FM-CW RADAR