You are on page 1of 107

An Exposition on Efficacy of Homoeopathy in Sarcoidosis with Miasmatic Concepts

By Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma


B.Sc., B.H.M.S., M.D. (Organon & Homoeopathic Philosophy), hMD (U.K.), D.I. Hom. (London), D.Lit. (U.K.) etc

Homoeo Cure & Research Centre P. Ltd. NH 74 - Moradabad Road, Kashipur - 244713 Uttaranchal (INDIA)

An Exposition on Efficacy of Homoeopathy in Sarcoidosis with Miasmatic Concepts

AuthorDr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma

AddressHomoeo Cure & Research Centre P. Ltd. NH 74, Moradabad Road, Kashipur (Uttaranchal) 244713- India

Published byHomoeo Cure & Research Centre P. Ltd. NH 74, Moradabad Road, Kashipur (Uttaranchal) 244713- India

2009- 2010 All rights reserved with author. Price- Rs. 650/-

Dedication

Dedicated

To our parents- who devised us!

To our family- which sustained us!

To our collegues and friends- who shored up us!

&

To Homoeopathy- which endulged us!

&

dissolved we all into it!

Acknowledgement
I am unspeakably grateful to Dr. (Prof. Emeritus) V. K. Gupta, Dr. (Prof. Emeritus) V. K. Khanna and Dr. (Prof.) V. C. Acharya whose sharp intellect, scientific outlook, constant guidance, perpetual encouragement and abundant interest have always enabled me to effort hard through out the course of my research works. Without their teachings, no work in Homoeopathic Research would have been accomplished. I am extremely thankful to them for sparing their valuable time in guiding me time to time, out of their immensely busy schedules. I salute to the devotion of my friends and colleagues who, at times, counseled me in this tenure. In last, I thank to my family who suffered silently to support me and sacrificed their rights for the sake of accomplishment of this chore. My hospital personnels and acquaintances also deserve to be thanked in helping me in this regard.

(Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma)

Preface
Sarcoidosis refers to the life threatening granulomatous disorder of still unknown origin. The disease occurs worldwide; no race, sex or age is immune from it. Its unpredictable multisystemic presentation can involve any organ in the body. Owing to its diverse presentation, the disease easily crosses the artificial boundaries of medical specialities, and appears in the offices and clinics of practitioners of different disciplines. Though not common, it is often a disorder causing a deal of degenerations in all the organs of the patient. Sarcoidosis, like other disease, affects the person as a whole irrespective of the cause. The whole economy of the patient is altered producing signs of Sarcoidosis as well as a characteristic picture of sick individual including mentals and physicals specific to his personality. This disease picture, specific to that particular patient, is always different from that in another one. This difference is due to his particular identity proving him to be an Individual. The totality of symptoms depends upon the Miasms under-running the disease process in that individual. Since the aetiology of Sarcoidosis is not known, it becomes very difficult to treat it. Only on the basis of symptomatology, the final cure is not always possible. Therefore it becomes neccessory to understand its basic disease phenomenona in terms of Homoeopathy i.e. miasms and only then its proper eradication can be done. In this book, we have discussed the disorder in all possible angles covering the work as historical review, homoepathy overview, definition, incidence and prevalence, clinical staging, diagnosis, pathological differential diagnosis and treatment of Sarcoidosis. In later half, after the studies about homoeopathy, Sarcoidosis and Homoeopathy are correlated and explained with miasmatic analysis of signs and symptoms associated with it. In last, therapeutics and repertory of Sarcoidosis are given for its complete homoeopathic cure.

(Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma)

22-02-2010

Contents
Efficacy of homoeopathy in sarcoidosis with miasmatic concepts Sarcoidosis the historical review ORIGIN OF WORDS- SARCOIDOSIS History of sarcoidosis The pioneers of sarcoidosis SARCOIDOSIS IN INDIA Studies related to homoeopathy ORIGIN OF HOMOEOPATHY Sarcoidosis Incidence and prevalence Clinical staging of sarcoidosis DIAGNOSIS OF SARCOIDOSIS CRITERIA OF DIAGNOSIS OF SARCOIDOSIS CLINICAL AND/OR RADIOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF SARCOIDOSIS DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR SARCOIDOSIS SERUM ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME LAB STUDIES FOR SARCOIDOSIS PATHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS THE CONDITIONS POSSIBLE BUT MOST UNLIKELY WITH SARCOIDOSIS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SARCOIDOSIS Treatment of sarcoidosis Homoeopathy- a breif study CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES THE LAW OF SIMILARS THE LAW OF SINGLE REMEDY THE LAW OF MINIMUM DOSE HOLISTIC APPROACH AND THEORY OF INDIVIDUALISATION CONCEPT OF VITAL FORCE CHRONIC DISEASES MIASM PHASES OF MIASMS TYPES OF MIASMS SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MIASMS TOTALITY, CONSTITUTION AND THE MIASMS IDIOSYNCRACY Sarcoidosis and homoeopathy MIASMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH SARCOIDOSIS LITERATURE RELATED WITH SARCOIDOSIS FOUND IN VARIOUS HOMOEOPATHIC BOOKS THERAPEUTICS Repertory of sarcoidosis Bibliography 8 8 8 9 11 16 18 19 22 24 28 43 43 44 45 45 46 53 54 54 56 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 60 61 62 62 63 65 65 66 66 66 67 73 79

Efficacy of Homoeopathy in Sarcoidosis with Miasmatic Concepts


Sarcoidosis is a NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD complex multisytem disease. The lungs are the most commonly involved organs, but no structure of the body is known to be immune to its wrecks. It is a commonplace inflammatory disease, characterised by the formation of noncaseating granulomas. The granuloma is a battle clashed on a genetically susceptible ground between an unrecognised antigen(s) and a highly organised squad of lymphocytes and macrophages. The disease occurs worldwide; no race, sex or age is immune from it. Its unpredictable multisystemic presentation can involve any organ in the body. Owing to its diverse presentation, the disease easily crosses the artificial boundaries of medical specialities, and appears in the offices and clinics of practitioners of different disciplines. The cause of sarcoidosis is not known till now. Early studies about the role of atmospheric influence, soil, plants, pollen, propinquity to woods and forests, exposure to pets and farm animals etc. proved to be of no reward. The disease most likely represents an inflammatory response to one or many agents (e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses, chemicals) in a person with either an inherited or acquired predisposition. Though not common, it is often a disorder causing a deal of mental stress and worry to the patient, often leading to permanent failure or disabilities of the organs ultimately leading to the end of vital functions. Sarcoidosis, like other disease, affects the person as a whole irrespective of the cause. The whole economy of the patient is altered producing the signa of Sarcoidosis as well as a characteristic picture of sick individual including mentals and physicals specific to his personality. This disease picture specific to that particular patient is always different from that in another one. This difference is due to his particular identity proving him to be an Individual. The totality of symptoms depends upon the Miasms under-running the disease process in that individual. The Psora being the fundamental miasm plays maximum role in altering the physiology rendering the entire imbalance. While in combination with other miasms, it produces the worst stage of the sickness. The syphilis produces destruction of tissues. To combat it, Sycosis and Psora play their vital part. This combination in turn increases the destruction as well as new tissue formation too, producing granulomas and fibromas publishing the complete portrait of Sarcoidosis. The illness can be self-limited or chronic, with episodic recrudescence and remissions. The course and prognosis may correlate with the mode of onset and the extent of the disease. This exposition examines the current understanding of sarcoidosis, including the epidemiology, etiology, immunopathogenesis, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and prognosis especially in terms of Homoeopathy. Since the aetiology of Sarcoidosis is not known, it becomes very difficult to treat it. Only on the basis of symptomatology, the final cure is not always possible. Therefore it becomes neccessory to understand its basic disease phenomenona in terms of Homoeopathy i.e. miasms and only then its proper eradication can be done.

Sarcoidosis the Historical Review


9

Origin of Words- SarcoidosisThe word "sarcoidosis" comes from the Greek word "sarkodes," meaning "fleshy," and the Greek suffix "-osis," meaning "condition."

History of Sarcoidosis

3.6 Million Years Ago


Sarcoidosis claims its first victim as a female Australopithecus ancestor who falls out of tree while in the throes of a Sarcoidosis coughing fit and is promptly eaten by a saber tooth tiger waiting below. Her family troop continues to eat leaves, unfazed.

2,353 B.C.
The first ever Sarcoidosis biopsy occurs when Thog the Conqueror is speared through his mediastinal lymphadenopathy by a Bronze Age villager who didnt feel like being conquered. No one hangs around long enough to make a diagnosis.

501 A.D.
Sarcoidosis sufferer, and professional peasant, Theodoric Dung, discovers an easy pathway to universal enlightenment, a perfect utopian society, and how to achieve peace and prosperity for the entire world. Unfortunately he feels like crap, sleeps most of the time, and never tells anyone. The Dark Ages linger on for another thousand years.

1287
King Henrik the Expectorate is thought to be the first monarch in history to show signs of Sarcoidosis, as coughing aloud, all day long, become very fashionable among the nobility of his court.

1877
Dr. Jonathan Hutchinson, a London surgeon-dermatologist, is the first to thoroughly describe a new disorder like Sarcoidosis for his colleagues, then admits he was just kidding; its actually all in the patients imagination. The doctors all laugh merrily and shortly retire to brandy and cigars.

1889
Norwegian dermatologist Dr. Cesar Boeck names the process multiple benign sarcoid of the skin. He also showed that patients with Sarcoidosis were a great source of steady income! Doctors everywhere rejoice.

10

1920
The term Sarcoidosis becomes official. It is derived from the Latin root Sarc for Sarcastic the root Oid meaning Comment and Osis for the Greek Oh, its you again, whats wrong now?

1941
There is a sharp rise in cases of Sarcoidosis, discovered as thousands of men are drafted into World War II and have their chests x-rayed in routine medical examinations for military service. Doctors determine that, in spite of the evidence, standing in line in your underwear is not a trigger for Sarcoidosis.

1958
Scientists and doctors from all over the world meet at Brompton Hospital in London for the first ever conference about Sarcoidosis. Since nobody knows anything about the disorder, they shortly retire to brandy and cigars.

1965
The synthetic corticosteroid drug Prednisone becomes available and doctors around the world begin prescribing it immediately regardless of the diagnosis. Drug companies everywhere rejoice.

1972
The first-ever holistic approach to Sarcoidosis is discovered by one Susan moonchild Coombs of San Francisco, California, when she stuffs her bouquet of wild flowers in her doctors mouth and leaves his office to find an alternative to western medicine.

1977
Doctors around the world celebrate 100 Years of Knowing Nothing about Sarcoidosis by prescribing a Limited Edition Commemorative Prednisone Pack in a collectable tin suitable for framing. Drug companies everywhere rejoice.

1996
The Internet becomes widely available to peoples everywhere allowing Sarcoidosis sufferers a way to reach out to each other and bitch about their doctors. Sensing this, doctors worldwide rename themselves Primary Care Physicians, and shortly retire to brandy and cigars.

2002
In a modern medical breakthrough, the World Consortium on Sarcoidosis Research Redundancy announces they have undeniable proof that Sarcoidosis does, in fact, go 11

into remission. Stating: this is clearly demonstrated by sheer number of times a patient will have flare-ups, and as anyone knows, one can not have a flare-up without having a remission in between.

2007
A new congress takes office in America and Sarcoidosis Research is cued up to receive government funding in its traditional slot between Mouse Flatulence Research and The Taskforce on Hangnails.

The Pioneers of Sarcoidosis

1-

Jonathan Hutchinson

Jonathan Hutchinson The first case of sarcoidosis was identified at Kings College Hospital, London by a surgeon dermatologist, Sir Jonathan Hutchinson (18281913) more than a century ago.

The first patient with sarcoidosis described by J. Hutchinson had multiple, raised, dusty-red patches on his feet, fingers and arms

12

2-

Robert Willan

Robert Willan (17571812) The term erythema nodosum was first introduced by Robert Willan (17571812), the father of modern dermatology. He described the lesion as elevated, painful, red protuberances on the legs, occurring mostly in female servants. Much of the current terminology of skin disease can be attributed to Willan, who was also the first to use the term wheal for skin lesions that occur in nettle rash.

3-

Ernst Henri Besnier

Ernst Henri Besnier (18311909) was the first to report lupus pernio. He described the skin lesions on his patients face as lupus pernio de la face-synovites fougueusses (scrofulo-tuberculoses) symetriques des extrmities superiures. He introduced the term biopsy, in its more archaic biopsie.

4-

Caesar Peter Moller Boeck

Caesar Peter Moller Boeck (18451917) described skin lesions of a patient with lymphadenopathy as lymphoma cutis multiplex/multiple benign sarcoid of the skin.

13

5-

Jorgen Schaumann

Jorgen Schaumann (18791953) Jorgen Schaumann (1879 1953) was the first to report systemic sarcoidosis, calling it lymphogranulomatosis benigna.

6-

Sven Lfgren

Sven Lfgren (19101978) Sven Lfgren (19101978) was the first to link erythema nodosum with sarcoidosis. The association is now called Lfgrens syndrome.

7-

Louis Eliot Siltzbach

Louis Eliot Siltzbach (19061980) Louis Eliot Siltzbach (19061980) established the specific diagnostic value of the Kveim test in 1954, which is now, appropriately called the Kveim Siltzbach test. 14

8-

Carol Johnson Johns

Carol Johnson Johns (19232000) Carol Johnson Johns (19232000) was the first woman to organize an International Conference on Sarcoidosis, held at the Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore in 1984.

9-

Keitzo Nobechi

Keitzo Nobechi (18901978) Keitzo Nobechi (18901978) was the first to report the uneven geographic distribution of Japanese cases of sarcoidosis.

D. Geraint James, Founder President WASOG

10- Om P Sharma
President of WASOG.

15

Om P Sharma

Sarcoidosis milestones Year 1869 1888 1892 1897 1902 1906 1909 1910 1915 1915 1915 1937 1941 Event J. Hutchinson: first account of skin lesions E. Besnier: coined term lupus pernio M. Tenneson: defined histology C. Boeck: described a policeman with skin lesions R. Kienbock/K. Kreibich/O. Jungling: described bone changes DarierRoussy syndrome: subcutaneous nodules described H. Schumacher/Christian Heerfordt/F. Bering: recognized uveitis J. Schaumann: emphasized multisystemic disorder E. Kuznitsky: classified skin lesions A. Bittorf: described lung lesions W. Bruins-Slot/L-M. Pautrier/W.T. Longcope/J. Pierson/ J. Costa Waldenstrom: uveoparotid fever A. Kveim: introduced Kveim test S. Lo fgren: described Lo fgrens syndrome 1958 1958 K. Wurm: first proposal for radiographic staging 1st International Conference on Sarcoidosis: London, UK 16

1961 1967 1981 1976 1984 1987

1st USA conference: Washington, DC, USA H. Reynolds, G. Hunninghake, R Crystal: bronchoalveolar lavage Commemorative publication dedicated to L. Siltzbach: Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York G. Rizzato: starts journal Sarcoidosis (now called Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis and Diffuse Lung Diseases) G. Rizzato: founds World Association Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG); D.G. James elected the first president of Sarcoidosis and Other

1987

Commemorative publication dedicated to D.G. James: Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis in India
Although a short review of sarcoidosis with a case report was published as early as 1957 in the Indian Journal of Dermatology, the disease remained hidden under the menace of widespread tuberculosis for a long time. The late S. Gupta shared his experience on clinical aspects of sarcoidosis in India at various national and international conferences. In his hometown, Kolkata (previously known as Calcutta), India, on February 22, 2003, the Indian Association of Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders (IASOG) was inaugurated. The first annual meeting of the IASOG was held on January 12, 2004 and was organized by A. Shah. The events came too late for S. Gupta, a pioneer in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, who had passed away earlier on September 9, 2002.In a clinical study Efficacy of Homoeopathy in Sarcoidosis with Miasmatic Concepts, the following results were obtained-

Sex incidenceThe most affected are females than males. Males- 04%, Females 07%.

Age incidenceThe incidence of Sarcoidosis is maximum in age group of 31-50 years and least in prepuberty and aged group.

Marital status incidenceIt was more in married patients (82%) than singles (18%).

Physical built incidenceMaximum cases were recorded from moderate built persons.

Caste incidenceThe Hindu were more affected than muslims and the Sikhs.

17

Occupational incidenceThe prevalence of Sarcoidosis was mosty in working patients (46%), House wives (27%), Students (18%) and non working ones (09%).

Socioeconomic incidenceSarcoidosis was most prevalant in rich persons (46%) and least in average (20%).

Pathological incidenceThe most frequent was Idiopathic Sarcoidosis (100%), The second one being Sarcoidosis with pulmonary manifestations (55%), then Sarcoidosis with arthritis (37%), then Sarcoidosis with other manifestations was 9%.

Menstrual incidenceIt was maximum seen in the females without menses especially those with amenorrhoea or postmenopausal ones. In females with menses, it was mainly in normally menstruating ladies than those with scanty menses.

Miasmatic incidenceThe Sycosis was found to be the top ranking miasm causing Sarcoidosis (37%), the next being Psora ( 36%) and then Pseudopsora (27%).

Mode of prescriptionThe mode of prescription in various cases was based on totality of symptoms. The way to reach the similimum remedy was either through mental to physical generals and particulars; or through the key of rare and peculier symptoms if available in some cases.

Gross Cure incidenceThe Homoeopathic treatment was found to be miraculously effective in treatment of Sarcoidosis. The data revealed- Cured- 27%, Relieved- 73% and Not Cured- 00% .

Cure incidence based on Socioeconomic StatusThe cure rate was highest in poor patients and the lowest in rich.

Cure incidence based on Menstrual statesFemales with normal menses were 50% cured those with scanty menses were 100% cured, those with amenorrhoea were 100% relieved and postmenopausal ones were 100% relieved.

Cure incidence based on MiasmsThe highiest percentage of cure was in Sycosis (50%) with 50% relief and the least in Psora (00%) with 100% relieved. Those with Pseudopsora were 33% cured with 67% relief.

18

STUDIES RELATED TO HOMOEOPATHY


The word Homoeopathy is derived from two Greek words, Homois- meaning similar and pathos- mean suffering. Homoeopathy simply means treating diseases with remedies, prescribed in minute doses, which are capable of producing symptoms similar to the disease when taken by healthy people. It is based on the natural law of healing- Similia Similibus Curantur which means likes are cured by likes. Dr. Christian Friedrich Samuel Gottfried Hahnemann (Thursday, 11:55 PM, 10th April 1755Sunday, 05:00 AM, 02nd July 1843) gave it a scientific basis in the early 19th century. It has been serving suffering humanity for over two centuries and has withstood the upheavals of time and has emerged as a time-tested therapy. The scientific principles propounded by Dr. Hahnemann are natural and well proven and continue to be followed with success.

Dr. Christian Friedrich Samuel Gottfried Hahnemann Homoeopathy today is a rapidly growing system and is being practiced almost all over the world. In India it has become a household name due the safety of its pills and gentleness of its cure. A rough study indicates that about 10% of the Indian population solely depends on Homoeopathy for their health care needs. It is more than a century and a half now that Homoeopathy is being practiced in India. It has blended so well into the roots and traditions of the country that it has been recognized as one of the National Systems of Medicine and plays an important role in providing health care to a large number of people. Its strength lies in its evident 19

effectiveness as it takes a holistic approach towards the sick individual through promotion of inner balance at mental, emotional, spiritual and physical levels.

Origin of Homoeopathy
The principle of Homoeopathy has been known since the time of Hippocrates from Greece, the founder of medicine, around 450 BC More than a thousand years later the Swiss alchemist Paracelsus employed the same system of healing based upon the principle that like cures like. But it was not until the late 18th century that Homoeopathy as it is practiced today was evolved by the great German physician, Dr. Samuel Hahnemann. He was appalled by the medical practices of that time and set about to develop a method of healing which would be safe, gentle, and effective. He believed that human beings have a capacity for healing themselves and that the symptoms of disease reflect the individuals struggle to overcome his illness. Over two hundred years ago, the German physician Dr. Samuel Hahnemann discovered the principle that what substance could cause in the way of symptoms, it could also cure. Dr. Hahnemann was struck by the effect that certain drugs, when taken by him while quite healthy, produced symptoms that the drug was known to cure in sick. For instance, when he took Cinchona Bark, which contains quinine, he became ill with symptoms that exactly mimicked intermittent fever (now called malaria). He wondered if the reason Cinchona worked against intermittent fever was because it caused symptoms indistinguishable from intermittent fever in a healthy human as demonstrated bt Dr. William Cullen in his Materia Medica. Hahnemann caught the essence of this action of cinchona while translating the works of Dr. Cullen in 1789 giving birth to the true and the only system of medicine based on natures law of cure, treating a person as awhole, not its parts or organs, therefore also called as the holistic system of treatment.

Dr. William Cullen, Pharmaceutical Bottle of Quinine used by Hahnemann and Front Page of Cullens Materia Medica Master Hahnemann continued to experiment, noting that every substance he took, whether a herb, a mineral, an animal product or a chemical compound, produced definite distinct symptoms in him. He further noted that no two substances produced exactly the same set of symptoms. Each provoked its own unique pattern of symptoms. Furthermore the symptoms were not just confined to the physical plane. Every substance tested also affected the mind and the emotions apart from the body. 20

Eventually, Dr. Hahnemann began to treat the sick on the principle let likes be treated by likes. From the outset he achieved outstanding clinical success.

Page No. 151 of Cullens Materia Medica showing Cinchona Pharmacology- Adopted from The Works of Willium Cullen by John Thomson- Edinburgh Hahnemann divided sickness into1- Indisposition- slight alteration in the state of health manifested by one or more trivial symptoms. Slight alteration in diet or/and regimen will dispel it. 2- Surgical diseases- the diseases with gross pathological, often irreversible changes. 3- Dynamic diseases- the diseases due to functional derangement of normal hormony of health, often reversible. A. Acute Diseases- any disease or illness which can disturb the health of a person temporarily in a negative way. They are rapid in course, intense in pain and severity, short or moderate in duration and end in recovery or death. a. Individual- occurring only in one individual at a time with different group of 21

symptoms. b. Sporadic- attacking several persons at a time in different localities with somewhat similar symptoms. viz. Viral Fever, Influenza, Dysentery, Typhoid etc. c. Endemic- diseases prevalent in a particular locality due to some local circuminstances. d. Epidemic- attacking a large numbr of persons of a vast area at a time with similar set of symptoms. i. Immunizing- occur only once in the life time of an individual, profylacting against second attack. viz. Small pox, Chicken pox, Measles, Whooping Cough, Scarlet Fever, Mumps etc.. ii. Non immunizing- may occur several times in life of an individual. viz. Cholera, Plague, Yellow Fever, Diphtheria etc. e. Pandemic- attacking a large area of the world with similar symptoms. viz. influenza. B. Chronic diseases- the diseases appearing incidiously, running indefinitely and leaving life long conseqences or terminating in death, often based on activities of one or more miams, the fundamental causes of all the chronic diseases. a. Artificial- iatrogenic diseases. i.e. diseases due to excessive use of drugs. b. Inappropriately named chronic diseases- false chronic diseses, persisting due to some maintaing cause. viz. occupational diseases; bad habits, dust exposure etc. c. True Natural or Miasmatic diseases- chronic diseases with constitutional signs and symptoms. i. One sided diseases- having very few perceptive symptoms. a) Internal- affection of an internal kind, viz. chronic headache or diarrhea. b) External- affection of an external kind localized in one part only, viz. venous stasis, varicose veins etc. ii. Diseases with full developed symptoms- these are full fledged chronic diseases. a) Single diseases- having only one miasm at a time. i. Psorathe disturbances in physiology only. ii. Sycosis- the exfoliations, tumorization etc. 22 functional mal-growth miasm miasm, causing causing

iii. destructions.

Syphilis- the degenerating miasm, causing

b) Compound Diseases- diseases having combination of the more than one miasms. i. Psora-sycosistumors, keloids etc. abnormal growths. viz.

ii. Psora-syphilis- also called Pseudopsora, or Tubercular miasm, causing tubercular degenerations etc. viz. phthisis etc. iii. Syco-syphilis- causing cystic degenerations. viz. Tubo-ovarian mass etc. iv. Psora-syco-syphilis- also called cancerous miasm, causing worst forms of diseases like cancer.

SARCOIDOSIS Definition of SarcoidosisIt is hard to provide a concise definition of a disease whose cause is yet to be discovered. Scadding and Mitchell recommended the following: "Sarcoidosis is a disease characterized by the formation in all of several affected tissues of epithelioidcell tubercles without caseation though fibrinoid necrosis may be present at the centre of a few, proceeding either to resolution or to conversion into hyaline fibrous tissue".

Other Definitions of Sarcoidosis A systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause, especially involving the lungs with resulting fibrosis, but also involving lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands; granulomas are composed of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little or no necrosis. Syn: BesnierBoeck-Schaumann disease, Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann syndrome, Boeck's disease, Boeck's sarcoid, Schaumann's syndrome. o X Term Medical Dictionary A systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause, especially involving the lungs with resulting fibrosis, but also involving lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands; granulomas are composed of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little or no necrosis. Syn: BesnierBoeck-Schaumann disease, Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann syndrome, Boeck's disease, Boeck's sarcoid, sarcoid(1), Schaumann's syndrome. o Stedmans Electronic Medical Dictionary V. 4.0 A chronic disease of unknown cause marked by the formation of nodules in the lungs and liver and lymph glands and salivary glands. o wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn Sarcoidosis (sarc = flesh, -oid = like, -osis = a process), also called sarcoid or Besnier-Boeck disease, is a multisystem disorder characterized by non23

caseating granulomas (small inflammatory nodules). The cause of the disease is still unknown. o en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoidosis A rare inflammation of the lymph nodes and other tissues throughout the body. sella turcica - bony structure that houses the pituitary gland. suprarenal glands another name for the adrenal glands. o www.methodisthealth.com/tmhs/basic.do A systemic disease involving the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangial bones, and parotid glands, characterized by granular nodules. Its cause is not known. o www.cdc.gov/cfs/cfsglossary.htm A condition that causes small, fleshy swellings in the liver, lungs, and spleen. o ukhealthcare.uky.edu/patient/glossary/glossary-s.htm A disease of unknown origin that causes small lumps (granulomas) due to chronic inflammation to develop in a great range of body tissues. Sarcoidosis can appear in almost any body organ, but most often starts in the lungs or lymph nodes. o www.emedicinehealth.com/arthritis/glossary_em.htm A chronic, progressive, systemic granulomatous reticulosis of unknown etiology, involving almost any organ or tissue, including the skin, lungs. o courses.washington.edu/hubio567/lang/term2.html An inflammatory disease marked by the formation of granulomas (small nodules of immune cells) in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs. o www.ecancerawareness.com/cancer_glossary/s.php A rare disease with no known cause that leads to inflammation in tissues throughout the body, including the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, skin, and eyes. o www.american-depot.com/services/resources_gl_s.asp Sarcoidosis is a multi system disorder characterized in affected organs by a type of inflammation called granulomas. The cause is unknown. Some people with sarcoidosis affecting their pituitary glands can develop diabetes insipidus. o www.diabetesinsipidus.org/whatisdi_glossary.htm A rheumatic disease that often involves a sudden onset of arthritis in the feet and ankles. o www.arthritis.org/disease-center.php An inflammatory disease that can affect almost any organ in the body. It causes heightened immunity which means that a person's immune system, which normally protects the body from infection and disease, overreacts, resulting in damage to the body's own tissues. o www.stopsarcoidosis.org/sarcoidosis/glossary.htm A disease characterized by granulomas (small growths of blood vessels, cells, and connective tissue) that can lead to problems in the skin, lungs, eyes, joints, and muscles. o womenshealth.about.com/library/bl_autoimmune12.htm Some doctors use melatonin to help treat sarcoidosis (a condition where fibrous tissue develops in the lungs and other tissues). A few clinical studies suggest that melatonin may be helpful for those who do not improve from conventional steroid treatment. 24

dukehealthsystem.adam.com/content.aspx

Sarcoidosis - Synonyms
Language English Hindi Africans Chinese Czech Dutch German Greek French Italian Japanese Korean Potugese Russian Turkish Synonym Sarcoidosis Sarcodose sarkoidza sarcodose Sarkoidose sarcodose sarcoidosi sarcoidosis sarcoidose sarkoidoz

Incidence and Prevalence Geographical Incidence


Europe- the prevalence ranges from 3-50 cases per 100,000 population, with the disease most frequently affecting persons aged 20-40 years. Sweden- the highest reported incidence of sarcoidosis in Europe, ranging from 64 cases per 100,000 population using mass radiographic screening to 641 cases per 100,000 population using autopsy studies. United Kingdom- the overall prevalence of sarcoidosis is approximately 20 per 100,000 population. Denmark- One review reported that the approximate incidence of clinically recognized sarcoidosis in Danish children younger than 15 years was 0.22-0.27 per 100,000 children per year, corresponding to approximately 3 new cases each year. New York- 39 out of every 100,000 are affected. Spain- only 1.2 per 100,000 are infected. Middle East, China, SE Asia, or among the Inuit or Native North AmericansSarcoidosis is rarely reported. Portugal, India, Saudi Arabia, or South America- In these and many more countries, the prevalence of sarcoidosis is low, possibly because of the absence of mass chest radiographic screening and also because of the presence of other more 25

commonly recognized granulomatous diseases, especially tuberculosis, that mimic sarcoidosis.

Racial Incidence
Within a geographical area, the frequency and course of the disease vary considerably among racial groups. In one study of sarcoidosis in London, for example, the incidence of sarcoidosis in W. Indian and Asian immigrants is 10 times higher than in the indigenous Caucasian population. Also, in the immigrant population, there is a greater need for corticosteroid treatment and a lower chance for full recovery. In another study, researchers found that sarcoidosis in S. Africa occurs in 23 out of every 100,000 black persons, 12 of every 100,000 mixed race persons, and 4 of every 100,000 Caucasians. In the United States, various studies have shown that sarcoidosis occurs in 1080 of every 100,000 African Americans, compared to less than 8 of every 100,000 Caucasians.

Genetic Factorial Incidence


Prevalence in certain race Familial clustering HLA -A1, -B8, and -DR3 HLA B22 in Italians HLA DR-17 good prognosis in Scandinavians; protracted course with DR 15 and 16 DR5j Japanese patients have poor prognosis Negative association- HLA B12 and -DR4

Sexual Incidence
African American women develop sarcoidosis twice as often as African American men. Caucasian women and men are equally likely to develop it. Overall, it is more frequent in females.

Age Incidence
The highest prevalence is in 25-34 year olds.

Smokers v/s Nonsmokers Incidence


Unlike most lung diseases, sarcoidosis actually occurs more frequently in nonsmokers than smokers. It is not clear why.

26

Characteristic features of sarcoidosis


Often symptomless May have associated dull, ache in chest, malaise & fever More progressive & leads to dyspneacor pulmonaledeath Honeycomb appearance on chest x-ray PFTs restrictive pattern

Common Symptoms of Sarcoidosis


General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Fever Shortness of breath Cough Skin lesions Skin rash Headache Visual changes Neurological changes Enlarged lymph glands (armpit lump) Enlarged liver Enlarged spleen, which leads to a decrease in platelets in blood and pain in upper left abdomen. Dry mouth Fatigue (one of the most common symptoms in children) Weight loss (one of the most common symptoms in children) Additional symptoms of this disease: Tearing, decreased Seizures Nosebleed - symptom Joint stiffness Hair loss Eye burning, itching, and discharge Abnormal breath sounds (e.g. rales) Nasal obstruction or frequent bouts of sinusitis.

Lung Symptoms
Shortness of breath A dry cough that doesn't bring up phlegm Wheezing Pain in the middle of chest that gets worse deep breath or cough (rare).

27

Lymph Node Symptoms


Enlarged and sometimes tender lymph nodes most often those in neck and chest but sometimes those under chin, in arm pits, or groin.

Skin Symptoms
Various types of bumps, ulcers, or, rarely, flat areas of discolored skin, that appear mostly near nose, eyes, back, arms, legs, and scalp. They usually itch but aren't painful. They usually last a long time. Painful bumps called erythema nodosum, that usually appear on ankles and shins and can be warm, tender, red or purple-to-red in color, and slightly raised. Fever and swollen ankles and joint pain along with the bumps may appear. The bumps often are an early sign of sarcoidosis, but they occur in other diseases too. The bumps usually go away in weeks to months, even without treatment. Disfiguring skin sores that may affect the nose, nasal passages, cheeks, ears, eyelids, and fingers. This is called lupus pernio. The sores tend to be ongoing and can return after treatment is over.

Eye Symptoms
Burning, itching, tearing, pain Red eye Sensitivity to light Dryness Floaters Blurred vision Reduced color vision Reduced visual clearness Blindness (in rare cases).

Heart Symptoms
Shortness of breath Swelling in legs Wheezing Coughing Irregular heartbeat, including palpitations and skipped beats Sudden loss of consciousness Sudden death.

Joint and Muscle Symptoms


Joint stiffness or swellingusually in ankles, feet, and hands. Joint pain. 28

Myalgias. Muscle pain, a mass in a muscle, or muscle weakness. Painful arthritis in ankles that results from erythema nodosum, which may need treatment but usually clears up in several weeks. Painless arthritis that can last for months or even years.

Bone Symptoms
Painless holes in bones. Painless swelling, most often in fingers. Anemia that results from granulomas affecting bone marrow.

Liver Symptoms
Fever Fatigue Itching Pain in the upper right part of abdomen, under the right ribs Enlarged liver.

Gland Symptoms
Swelling, which makes cheeks look puffy Excessive dryness in mouth and throat.

Blood, Urinary Tract, and Kidney Symptoms


Increased calcium in blood or urine, which can lead to painful kidney stones Confusion Increased urination.

Nervous System Symptoms


Headaches. Vision problems. Weakness or numbness of an arm or leg. Coma (rare). Drooping of one side of face that results from sarcoidosis affecting a facial nerve. Paralysis of arms or legs that results from sarcoidosis affecting spinal cord. Weakness, pain, or a "stinging needles" sensation in areas where many nerves are affected by sarcoidosis.

Pituitary Gland Symptoms (Rare)


Headaches 29

Vision problems Weakness or numbness of an arm or leg Coma (rare).

Clinical Staging of Sarcoidosis


This is based on the pattern of chest radiographic findings-

Stage Stage Stage Stage Stage

0 I II III IV

a normal chest radiograph lymphadenopathy only lymphadenopathy and lung parenchymal disease parenchymal lung disease only pulmonary fibrosis

30

Although most cases of sarcoidosis either regress or remain stable, 10-15% progress to pulmonary fibrosis. Generally, pulmonary function worsens with an increasing stage of disease, but radiologic staging does not correlate well with the severity of pulmonary function abnormalities. Often, the radiographic abnormalities appear worse than the degree of functional impairment actually present.

Frequency of organ involvement


The frequency of organ involvement varies considerably. The organ involvement rates may be as followsOrgan Lung Lymph nodes Pleura Skin Eye Nasal mucosa Larynx Bone marrow Spleen Liver Kidney Calcium disorder CNS Bones Joints Heart Endocrine glands Parotid gland GI tract Prevalance 90% 75-90% 01-05% 25% 25% 20% 05% 15-40% 50-60% 60-90% Rare 01-02% 05% 05% 25-50% 05% Rare 10% Rare

31

Pathophysiology
Suspected Causes of Sarcoidosis Infectious Mycobacteria 1. Tuberculous 2. Nontuberculous 3. Cell-wall deficient (L-forms) Bacteria 1. 2. 3. 4. Fungi 1. Cryptococcus spp. 2. Endemic fungi Viruses 1. 2. 3. 4. Dusts 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Clay Pine Pollen Talc Mixed Cytomegalovirus Epstein-Barr virus Herpes simplex virus Others Corynebacterium spp. Propionibacterium acnes Tropheryma whippleii Others

Noninfectious

Metals 1. Aluminum 2. Beryllium 3. Zirconium

Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a highly focused exaggerated immune response to an unknown antigen at the target organs. The hallmarks of the disease, sarcoid granulomas, most likely are formed in response to a 32

persistent, poorly degradable, antigenic stimulus. Sarcoidosis is associated with the expansion of IL-2-producing activated CD41 T lymphocytes. A number of factors including IL-18 have been implicated in IL-2 expression in vitro.

1- Interaction of antigensThe first step involves the interaction of an unknown antigen or antigens with alveolar macrophages bearing increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. These macrophages engulf, process, and present the putative antigen or antigens to T-lymphocyte cells of type 1 (Th-1). The activated T-cells release a number of cytokines, including interleukin-2, monocyte chemotactic factor, macrophage migration inhibition factor, and leukocyte inhibitory factor.

2- Granuloma formationInterleukin-2 activates and expands various clones of T lymphocytes, while monocyte chemotactic factor attracts monocytes from the blood into the lungs.13 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor influences the trapped monocytes that are ready to transform into epithelioid cell and modulate the formation of a granuloma.

33

3- Lung injuryThe granuloma formation and associated helper (CD+4) T-lymphocyte alveolitis may lead to substantial lung injury. The lung is the site of an outpouring of lymphocytes, but the peripheral blood shows a CD+4 T-lymphopenia and depression of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity.

34

Inflammatory phases in lung Sarcoidosis. Magnified view shows how illness may affect the normal lung, going from alveolitis, to granuloma formation, to fibrosis

4- Circulating immune complexesB-cell function increases. It is manifested by hyperglobulinemia, increased antibodies to Epstein Barr, herpes simplex and other viruses and the presence of circulating immune complexes.

Circulating immune complexes

5- FibrosisThe activated macrophages release a number of mediators including fibronectin, cytokines and growth factors responsible for causing fibrosis. As a result of these various immunologic interactions, an acute and often a chronic cascade of inflammation occurs. This is characterized by changes in tissue permeability, cellular influx, and local cell roliferation, resulting in a granuloma, circulating immune complexes, B-cell hyperactivity, spontaneous in situ production of 35

immunoglobulins, reactions.

and

depression

of

cutaneous

delayed-type

hypersensitivity

Extensive lung fibrosis Sarcoidosis in females Sarcoidosis has been reported to be slightly more predominant in woman than in men. Chronic inflammation in sarcoidosis causes continuous oxidative stress, the patients may therefore have demonstrated accelerated telomere erosion in their peripheral blood cells. Oestrogen induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and increasing levels of VEGF, have been shown to be closely related with inflammation and oxidative stress, which is responsible for aggression of Sarcoidosis. In contrast, oestrogen could also stimulate telomerase while reducing oxidative stress. A significant shortening of telomeres in the female sarcoidosis patients versus the males is observed, thus suggesting that the later protection function of oestrogen is relatively weak in sarcoidosis. Clinical Prsentations of Sarcoidosis-

General Manifestations
Fever, anorexia, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, parotid enlargement, acute arthritis, nasal stuffiness, hoarseness etc.

Pulmonological Manifestations
Seen in 90% of cases, dyspnea, dry cough, and chest pain. Primary involvement of the parenchyma, lymph node and airway lesions (larynx, trachea and bronchi), 20% 36

asthma-like features. Uncommon manifestations include pleural effusion, pleural nodules, pleural thickening, pneumothorax, chylothorax, massive effusion, haemothorax, cavity formation, lymph node calcification etc.

Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations
Parotid enlargement, hoarseness, nasal stuffiness.

Dermatological Manifestations

Erythema nodosum and onycholysis In chronic sarcoidosis 15-20% patients have main lesions including erythema nodosum (EN) with fever and arthralgias, maculopapular rash, scars, keloids, plaques, papules and subcutaneous nodules. Lupus pernio (violaceous, chronic and disfiguring lesions of the ears, nose and cheeks), onycholysis, keloid formation in atrophic scars, nasal and conjunctival mucosal granulomas are other manifestations. EN + BHL = Lofgrens syndrome, foreshadows a good prognosis.

37

Cardiological Manifestations
Dyspnea, cardiac failure, sudden death, heart block, arrhythmias (restrictive type), conduction abnormalities, abnormal ECG, cough, wheezing, cor pulmonale, valvular involvement, ventricular aneurysm, pericardial involvement. Myocardial infarction-like picture with myocardial involvement 5-10%. The risk of cardiac dysfunction or sudden death in these patients is low (those with + thallium201 imaging), endomyocardial biopsy confirms the diagnosis, needs to exclude CAD.

Cardiac MR imaging- location (subendocardial, transmural, subepicardial, or mesocardial) & pattern (patchy or diffuse) of abnormal delayed myocardial enhancement allow differentiation between ischemic (infarct-related) and nonischemic cardiomyopathies

Radiological Manifestations
Abnormal chest X-ray, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, interstitial fibrosis, bone cysts.

38

Chest PA - bilateral hilar adenopathy with "separation" of nodes from heart (broncho-pulmonary nodes in sarcoid are more peripherally placed than true hilar nodes that enlarge in lymphoma)

Nephrological Manifestations
It may lead to renal failure. The major pathological findings are- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous glomerulonephritis, mesangial proliferative, glomerulonephritis, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, crescentic glomerulonephritis. The principal manifestations of renal involvement in sarcoidosis are the functional abnormalities resulting from the altered metabolism of calcium as a result of the increased synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 by the macrophages of the granulomatous lesions. The consequent increased calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract results in the hypercalciuria.

39

40

Mammary gland Manifestations


Breast involvement by sarcoidosis is rare. It may be found clinically as a palpable mass or an incidental finding (i.e. single or multiple nodular densities on screening mammography.

41

(a,b) Mediolateral oblique and (c,d) cranio-caudal views of both breasts demonstrate an asymmetric density in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast (a,c)

Rheumatological Manifestations
Arthritis, Bone cysts.

Diffuse trabecular change, leading to a lattice work or lacy network configuration and multiple lucent lesions of varying sizes are found in the fingers. (The lytic change produces the cystic-like appearance)

Ophthalmological Manifestations
Conjunctivitis, Iritis, choroiditis, keratoconjunctivitis, glaucoma, cataract, enlarged lachrymal glands, dry eye.

42

Sarcoidosis can result in anterior uveitis, granuloma in eyes (red, swollen palpebral lobe of the lachrymal gland is observed on eversion of the upper eyelids)and/or enlarged lachrymal and salivary glands (Mikulicz syndrome)

MR findings in 43-year-old woman with horizontal and vertical diplopia. AD, Axial (A) and coronal (B) T1- weighted (450/16/1) images through the orbits show marked enlargement of the lachrymal glands (solid arrows) and rectus muscles (asterisks) as well as the markedly enlarged insertion of the right superior rectus muscle (open arrow). Axial T2-weighted (2500/90/1) image (C) shows markedly hypointense rectus muscles (arrowheads). Axial contrastenhanced T1-weighted (450/16/1) fatsuppressed image (D) shows intense abnormal enhancement of the lacrimalglands and extraocular muscles In 15-25% of cases- Anterior uveitis - the most common form of ocular sarcoidosis, photophobia and ocular discomfort. Heerfordts syndrome or uveoparotid fever anterior uveitis + parotitis, fever, and facial palsy. Posterior uveitis - vitreous infiltrates, choroidal nodules, periphlebitis, retinal hemorrhage, and papilledema.

Neurological Manifestations
Cranial nerve palsies, papilledema, meningitis, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, Seizures, space occupying lesions, Spinal cord involvement, Cerebellar ataxia, Psychiatric symptoms. In 5-10% of cases: unilateral facial nerve palsy. HP axis involvement can cause hyperprolactinemia and DI, Hypothalamic and Pituitary gland sarcoidosis.

43

CT Head- 1.5 cm enhancing suprasellar cistern mass llifting the optic chiasm slightly in the cephalad direction

Endocrinological Manifestations
Diabetes insipidus, Hypercalcemia, Hyperthyroidism. Endocrinopathy occurring in sarcoidosis is relatively rare, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland being the most commonly affected regions. Of the numerous symptoms attributed to neuroendocrine sarcoidosis, polyuria and polydipsia are the most frequent. Patients with neuroendocrine sarcoidosis commonly have hypothalamic dysfunction and, to a lesser extent, variable involvement of the infundibulum, the pituitary gland, or both. In addition to diabetes insipidus, they often exhibit hypothalamic disturbances and anterior pituitary hormone deficiency.

Haematological Manifestations
Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Hypersplenism, Leucopenia. 44

Splenic lesions with uptake from sarcoidosis in 43-year-old woman with history of Hodgkins lymphoma. AC, Images from combined PET/CT show low-density lesions (arrows, A and C) in spleen on coronal CT image (A). Lesions show increased FDG uptake on fused PET/ CT (B) and unfused PET (C) images.

Orthopaedic Manifestations
Lytic lesions, permeative lesions, destructive lesions, periosteal reaction, digital clubbing, nasal bone involvement, vertebral sarcoidosis, calcaneal sarcoidosis. Acute polyarthritis may be prominent. Chronic periarticular swelling and tenderness due to osseous changes in phalanges. Lytic lesions of vertebral bodies with associated sclerosis are usually found. There is a predilection for involvement of the thoracic vertebrae. More commonly, there is little or no disc-space involvement.

45

Anteroposterior view of the left knee and tibia reveals a 2.5-cm ovoid lytic lesion in the anterolateral cortex of the left tibial shaft and lucent zone in medial half of left patella. (B) A 2-cm ovoid tytic lesion in the anterior cortex of proximal right tibial shaft.

Hepatological Manifestations
Portal hypertension, abnormal liver function tests. Hepatic granulomas in biopsy in 50-80% of patients with normal liver function. Hepatomegaly in < 10%. Severe liver disease and jaundice are rare manifestations. Myopathy is also seen.

Lymphatic System Manifestations


Most common lymph nodes involved are cervical, epitrochlear, axillary, and inguinal nodes. Glands are discrete, movable and non-tender which do not ulcerate and form draining sinuses. In the neck, the posterior triangle nodes are affected more commonly than the nodes in the anterior triangle.

Urological Manifestations
Hypercalciuria.

Myological Manifestations
Asymptomatic granulomatous muscle involvement, palpable muscle nodules, polymyositis, chronic myopathy, isolated sarcoid myopathy.

46

Gastrointestinal Manifestations
Sarcoidosis rarely affects the gastrointestinal system, but incidences do occur. Symptomless granulomatous involvement of the gastric mucosa or gastric ulcers (single or multiple) with funnel-shaped distortion of the stomach, generalized linitis plastica syndrome, with epigastric pain, nausea, abdominal cramps, and occasionally diarrhea. The esophagus, small intestine, pancreas and peritoneum are rare localization of sarcoidosis.

Linitis plastica syndrome

Sarcoidosis and Malignancy


The most frequent type of cancer associated with sarcoidosis is adenocarcinoma. The sarcoid reaction, or sarcoid-like reaction, characterized by granuloma formation may be found in the regional lymph nodes draining a carcinoma. Sarcoidosis- malignancy association is due to an immunologic abnormality in sarcoidosis which may promote the development of cancer or malignant disease may produce a local sarcoidlike reaction or initiate directly manifestations of systemic sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis and Pregnancy


Oestrogen levels increase during pregnancy, resulting in a decreased Th1-mediated immune response, which can improve active sarcoidosis. Free plasma cortisol concentrations increase in pregnancy, with plasma levels 2- to 3-fold higher than those of non-pregnant controls, suggesting greater tissue exposure to glucocorticoids during pregnancy. This may result in decreased granulomatous inflammation with improvement in symptoms and clinical findings. During the postpartum period, when free cortisol levels return to the prior non-pregnant levels, reactivation of sarcoidosis can occur. 47

Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis
The basic lesion in sarcoidosis is a well-defined round or oval granuloma made up of compact radially arranged epithelioid cells with pale staining nuclei, a few multinucleate giant cells, and a scanty rim of lymphocytes. Exclusion of other causes of granulomatous inflammation requires special stains for acid-fast bacilli and fungi. The presence of necrotic lesions in the biopsy specimen requires further investigations for mycobacteria, fungi, other potential pathogens, and vasculitis. Inclusions composed of calcium carbonate or calcium oxalate are often found in sarcoid multinucleate giant cells. The size of these inclusions is even larger than those capable of being inhaled, and they do support the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
Criteria of Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis

For diagnosis of sarcoidosis the following criteria should be fulfilled1. Histological evidence of granulomatous inflammation. 2. The exclusion of the known causes of granulomatous inflammation other than sarcoidosis. 3. Evidence of at least two separate organs involved with the disease.
Examinations and Tests for Sarcoidosis

CBC Chem-7 or chem-20 ACE levels Chest x-ray to see if the lungs are involved or lymph nodes are enlarged CT scan Lymph node biopsy Skin lesion biopsy Bronchoscopy Open lung biopsy Liver biopsy Kidney biopsy EKG to see if the heart is involved

Sarcoidosis may also alter the results of the following tests Quantitative immunoglobulins (nephelometry) PTH Serum phosphorus Nerve biopsy Mediastinoscopy with biopsy Lung gallium (Ga.) scan Immunoelectrophoresis - serum Calcium - urine 48

Calcium - ionized Calcium - serum Liver function tests

Clinical and/or radiological patterns of sarcoidosisThe following are all clinical and/or radiological patterns of sarcoidosis1. Bilateral hilar adenopathy- Asymptomatic patients with bilateral hilar adenopathy and no pulmonary infiltrates. 2. Panda sign- It has been classically described as indicating Sarcoidosis.

Panda sign - lachrymal and parotid uptake on a total body 67 GA scan, combined with Lambda pattern (right azygos and bilateral hilar thoracic uptake). 3. Lofgrens syndrome- A patient with a typical Lofgrens syndrome (fever, erythema nodosum, arthralgias, and bilateral hilar adenopathy). 49

4. Heerfordts syndrome- A patient with Heerfordts syndrome (Fever, parotid gland enlargement, facial palsy, and anterior uveitis). Bilateral inflammatory involvement of the parotid and lachrymal glands results in Gallium-67 citrate uptake called as panda sign. The presence of perihilar adenopathy adds the lambda distribution of increased uptake in the chest, which at times has been included in the description of the panda distribution.

Diagnostic Tests for Sarcoidosis


Pulmonary Function Test

Pulmonary function tests show restriction, decreased compliance, and impaired diffusing capacity.

Pulmonary function test with a restrictive pattern CO2 retention is uncommon, but airway obstruction is common in endobronchial disease and late states with pulmonary fibrosis or Bullae. Serial PFTs are important for guiding treatment.
Kveim-Stiltzbach test

Intradermal injection of homogonized tissue of organs involved with sarcoidosis causes delayed cutaneous reaction in 4-6 weeks within granulomas are multi-nucleated giant cells called with stellate inclusions called asteroid bodies and laminated calcifications called Schaumanns bodies.
Serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

Serum ACE activity elevated in 40- 90% due to macrophage activity, but nonspecific since histoplasmosis, acute miliary TB, hepatitis, and lymphomas also have this finding (5% false +). 50

It lacks diagnostic specificity and poor prognostic value in identifying patients with progressive disease. Tissue ACE activity is highest in sarcoid lymph nodes rather than in pulmonary tissues.

Lab Studies for Sarcoidosis

Leukopenia frequent Serum uric acid high, but gout is rare Alk phos and GGT may be high if liver involved Hypercalcemia +/- hypercalciuria due to calcitriol from Macrophages Depression of delayed hypersensitivity is characteristic Hypergammaglobulinema is common in blacks

BAL/Gallium scanning
CD4/CD8 ratio is elevated in sarcoidosis on bronchoalveolar lavage, but reduced in hypersensitivity pneuomonitis whole-body gallium scanning is sensitive, but not specific. Symmetric uptake in mediastinal and hilar nodes (lambda sign) and in 51

lachrymal, parotid, and salivary glands (panda sign), which are pathognomonic for sarcoidosis.

Thoracic Sarcoidosis- Gallium-67 scans in a patient who had a normal chest radiograph. Study shows increased uptake in the lung fields, higher than the background activity

Biopsy
Tissue biopsy is essential. It is almost always positive if skin, lymph nodes, conjunctiva are involved. Transbronchial biopsy is best initial procedure for securing histological evidence since granulomas can be seen regardless of chest x-ray findings. Diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis relies on: Tight, well-formed granulomas and a rim of lymphocytes and fibroblasts Perilymphatic distribution of granulomas Exclusion of an alternative cause

Below here is given an atlas of biopsy slides prepared from various samples taken from different organs-

52

Pulmonary interstitial non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Giant cells and histiocytes form nodular aggregates without necrosis

Pulmonary Interstitial granulomas

53

Granulomas involving visceral pleura

Heart- Granulomatous (giant cell) myocarditis, medium magnification

54

Heart- Granulomatous (giant cell) myocarditis, high magnification

Liver - Granulomas and fibrosis involving portal triad.

Bone marrow

55

Female breast

Skeletal muscle

Liver Parenchymal granuloma 56

Brain, cerebellum, granulomatous angiitis

Brain, granulomatous angiitis

57

Peritoneum, granulomatous angiitis

Urinary bladder

Mediastinal lymph node

58

Skin Lesion in Sarcoidosis

Pathological Differential DiagnosisLungs

Tuberculosis, atypical mycobacteriosis Fungal: histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, aspergillosis PCP (Pneumocystis Pneumonia ), mycoplasma Pneumoconioses: beryllium, titanium, aluminum Drug reactions Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Aspiration of foreign materials Wegeners granulomatosis CIP (cellular interstitial pneumonitis)- all variants e.g. UIP (usual interstitial pneumonitis) and LIP (lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis) and DIP (desquamative interstitial pneumonitis). NSG (necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis) TB, atypical mycobacteriosis Brucellosis Toxoplasmosis Granulocytic histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchis disease) Cat scratch disease Sarcoid reaction in regional Lymph nodes to carcinoma Hodgkins disease NHL (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) GLUS (granulomatous lesions of unknown significance) TB, atypical mycobacteriosis Fungal infections Reaction to foreign bodies: beryllium, zirconium, tattooing, paraffin, etc. 59


Skin

Lymph Node

Rheumatoid nodules Liver TB, Brucellosis Schistosomiasis PBC (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis) Crohns disease Hodgkins and NHL GLUS (Granulomatous lesions of unknown significance) Bone Marrow TB, histoplasmosis, IM (Infectious Mononucleosis), CMV (Cytomegalovirus) Hodgkins and NHL Drugs GLUS (Granulomatous lesions of unknown significance) Other organs TB, brucellosis Giant cell myocarditis

The Conditions possible but most unlikely with sarcoidosis-

1. No evidence of extrapulmonary disease (chronic berylliosis, other possible granulomatous lung disease). 2. No thoracic lymphadenopathy on radiographic studies (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, other granulomatous lung disease). 3. The patient with the very low likelihood of having sarcoidosis (e.g., young age).
Differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis-

The differential diagnosis depends largely on the clinical presentation of sarcoidosis. Granulomatous pulmonary infections, especially those caused by mycobacteria and fungi should be ruled out. Neoplastic diseases, such as lymphoma, in cases with hilar adenopathy should be excluded. Hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis may mimic metabolic disorders, such as primary hyperparathyroidism. Early onset sarcoidosis is often misdiagnosed as systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Rarely, severe symptomatic bone marrow involvement may mimic a number of infectious and neoplastic disorders.

60

Blaus Syndrome

Blaus syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition with variable penetration that consists of granulomatous arthritis, iritis, and skin rash, occurring prior to 12 years of age.
ErdheimChester Disease

It is a rare histiocytic disorder of adults characterized by an infiltrate of lipid-laden macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the bone marrow and a generalized sclerosis of the long bones sparing the epiphysis.

Ill defined sclerosis of distal femur extending to the epiphysis of the medial femoral condyle (arrows) and sparing the lateral condyle (arrowhead) Bone involvement is constant but the kidney, retroperitoneal space, skin, brain and lungs are also affected.
Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis

Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis (NSG) has an uncertain relationship to sarcoidosis. The NSG lesion represents a sarcoid granuloma with necrosis and vasculitis. Some authors consider it a variant of sarcoidosis.

61

Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis


Granulomatous Lesions of Unknown Significance

Granulomatous lesions of unknown significance (GLUS syndrome) is described clinically as prolonged fever with epithelioid granulomas in liver, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. It has a benign course and a tendency for recurrence.

Prognosis of Sarcoidosis
In many people sarcoidosis is usually asymptomatic and the disease may resolve without treatment. 30 - 50% of cases resolve without treatment in about 3 years. About 20% of those with lung involvement develop lung damage. Death from sarcoidosis is rare. Mortality rate is less than 3%. Pulmonary fibrosis leading to cardiopulmonary resuscitation failure is most common cause of death. About 10% have serious disability such as ocular or respiratory. Pulmonary hemorrhage from asperigilloma is an acute complication.

Common Complications of Sarcoidosis


Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary hypertension Anterior uveitis Glaucoma and blindness (rare) Cardiac arrhythmias Cranial or peripheral nerve palsies Kidney stones Organ failure, leading to the need for a transplant

Treatment of Sarcoidosis
Main Goals of treatment

To improve how the organs affected by sarcoidosis work 62

To relieve symptoms To shrink the granulomas

The treatment depends on Symptoms Severity of symptoms Involvement of vital organs (e.g., lungs, eyes, heart, or brain) Extent of affection of the organs.

Some organs must be treated, regardless of the symptoms while others may not need to be treated. Usually, if asymptomatic, no need of treatment is there, and the patient probably recovers in time.

Management of sarcoidosis
Many people with sarcoidosis can lead normal lives, and are able to carry on with their usual social, intellectual, artistic and athletic activities. There are several important steps a person with active or inactive sarcoidosis can take to keep healthy If sarcoidosis is active, the patient must have frequent medical checkups so the illness can be monitored and adjustment of treatment can be done if needed. If sarcoidosis becomes inactive and/or the patient has no symptoms, he should have a checkup at least once a year. An ophthalmological exam each year is necessary. Smoking should be stopped, it can make it worse. Dust, chemicals, fumes and other substances that can harm the lungs should be avoided. Exercise and active routine as the patient can must be continued but without strain.

63

Homoeopathy- A Breif Study

Concepts and Principles


Homoeopathy is the system of treatment invented by Dr. Christian Frederick Samuel Gottfried Hahnemann of Germany which is based on demonstrable laws and principles, viz. -

The Law of SimilarsIt is also called the Law of Cure. This law demonstrates that the selected remedy is able to produce a range of symptoms in a healthy person similar to that observed in the patient, thus leading to the principle of Similia Similibus Curentur i.e. let likes be treated by likes. To give a simple example the effects of peeling an onion are very similar to the symptoms of acute cold. The remedy prepared from the bitchs milk, Lac caninum, is used to treat the Sarcoidosis in which the symptoms resemble those we get from taking it in potentized form in healthy state.

The Law of Single RemedyThis law directs to choose and administer such a single remedy, which is most similar to the symptom complex of the sick person at a time.

The Law of Minimum DoseThe similar remedy selected for a sick should be prescribed in minimum dose, so that when administered there is no toxic effects on the body. It just acts as a triggering and catalytic agent; to stimulate and strengthen the existing defense mechanism of the body. It does not need to be repeated frequently.

Holistic approach and Theory of Individualisation


This is a key point and unique to Homoeopathy. Even though it may sound strange, Homoeopathy does not treat disease per se. A Homoeopath does not concentrate his therapy on, say Sarcoidosis or prolactinoma or gyanecomastia. In other words he does not limit his treatment to overflowing milk from the breasts, macroadenoma or a infertility. Rather, he treats all aspects mental, emotional and physical of the person who happens to be suffering with Sarcoidosis or prolactinoma or gyanecomastia. Homoeopathy regards each patient as a unique individual, e.g. six persons with Sarcoidosis might get a different Homoeopathic remedy, each one aimed at the individuals totality of symptoms rather than at his liver alone. The physicians interest is not only to alleviate the patients present symptoms but also his long-term well being.

Concept of Vital Force


This vital force is the dynamic, imponderable, invisible universal force of life energy found in all the living and to some extent in nonliving things also. One can easily appreciate its presence in living things due to visible results. Its existence in nonliving things can only be explained by science. Every thing consists of small units of molecules. These molecules are made of tiny atoms. Each atom is made of electrons, protons and neutrons (now presence of some more constituents has been proved viz. Positron etc.). Most of these finest particles are electrically charged and are kept together by electromagnetic field of attraction. 64

These ultimate constituents are in the state of certain rhythmical and precise motions, and consequently, whole structure is in a state of harmonious oscillations and vibrations. Great scientist Albert Einstein says MASS and ENERGY are inter-convertible. The ultimate result of divisions of a substance is energy. Whenever anything is tried to divide a matter beyond atomic state, nothing is left except energy, in the form of photons. This energy is nothing but a form of life energy, equivalent to vital force. Thus, this energy or vital force is omnipresent and is infinte. Everything uses a very little fraction of this force to exist. Hahnemann SaysIn the healthy condition of man, the spiritual vital force (autocracy), the dynamis that animates the material body (organism), rules with unbounded sway, and retains all the parts of the organism in admirable, harmonious, vital operation, as regards both sensations and functions, so that our indwelling, reason-gifted mind can freely employ this living, healthy instrument for the higher purposes of our existence. (Aphorism no. 9) According to Dr. Kent the Vital Force or the simple substance has the character of formative intelligence, is subject to changes, pervades the material substance without replacing it, creating order in the body, belonging to the realm of quantity (the realms of degrees of fineness) being adaptable and being constructive. To sum up the idea of Vital Force as presented by Dr. Kent is given above, according to Dr. Vithoulkas it is the defence mechanism in the living body and according to the ancient Indian thought it is the sookshama shareera (the subtle body) or the consciousness. Experience has well established the fact that the innerself of the living organism governs. When this innerself is disordered, as seen during diseases, whole being gets disordered. This disordered state is represented by various signs and symptoms, if these signs and symptoms are not interpreted properly in the beginning of the disease and not remedied by proper homoeopathic medicines, gross irreversible pathological changes take place and recovery becomes more and more tedious or impossible. Similarly, the drugs when potentized and proved well, become live entities and capable of affecting the innerself instantly.

Chronic DiseasesHahnemann observed that the acute diseases were cured successfully but the constitional health of the patients was not improving, rather declining. He quietly searched for the fundamental cause of the chronic diseases that was slowly destroying the health of the patients. The outcome of this research was published in 1828 in the first edition of his great work, The Chronic Diseases Their Peculiar Nature and their Homoeopathic Cure, commonly known as The Chronic Diseases.

65

By Chronic Disease Dr. Hahnemann did not mean exactly the same thing as is now generally understood by the phrase - a disease that lasts a long time and is incurable. To make his meaning clear, I can not do better than quote Dr. Hahnemanns own definition of acute and chronic diseases, from paragraph 72 of his Organon: The diseases to which is liable are either rapid morbid processes of the abnormally deranged vital force, which have a tendency to finish their course more or less quickly, but always in a moderate time - these are termed acute diseases; or they are diseases of such a character that, with small, often imperceptible beginnings, dynamically derange the living organism, each in its own peculiar manner, and cause it to deviate from the healthy condition in such a way that the automatic life energy, called vital force, whose office it is preserve the health, only opposes to them at the commencement and during their progress, imperfect, unsuitable, useless resistance, but must helplessly suffer (them to spread and) itself to be more and more abnormally deranged, until at length the organism is destroyed; these are termed chronic diseases. They are caused by infection from a chronic miasm.

MiasmAncient Greek physician, Hippocrates, taught that all diseases were caused by the predisposition inherent in the innate constitution and its susceptibility to a constellation of causation rather than any one single effect. In the Greek philosophy disease is caused by an interdependent set of circumstances which disrupts the natural ebb and flow of the pneuma (vital force) within the organism. In his Organon of Medicine, Samuel Hahnemann separated the origin of disease into two categories, the exciting and fundamental causes, and related them very closely to the susceptibility of the physical constitution. It is necessary for a homoeopath to understand the nature of the exciting causes of acute diseases as well as the underlying fundamental cause of long lasting diseases, which is usually due to the chronic miasms. Acute diseases are self-limiting disorders which have quick onsets, rapid progressions, and a tendency to develop an immediate crisis. Many of these acute diseases are actually acute acerbations of the chronic states latent within the constitution that have been brought forth by exciting factors. The nature of chronic miasmic disease is slow and insidious in its onset and gradual in its progression. These negative transformations gradually increase until they bring on complex pathologies that eventually are the cause of premature old age and death. The chronic miasms are the effects of infections that are non self-limiting which cause considerable damage to the immune system, the vital force, and the constitution. Hahnemann taught that the susceptibility to the exciting factors lies in the fundamental cause which is attributed to the chronic miasms. The etiology of a disease, the constitution and temperament of the individual, and the totality of the signs and symptoms are three factors that form a complete picture of an illness. In Homoeopathy we often speak of the totality of the symptoms as the basis of selecting a remedy, but sometimes we forget to include the causative factors, the miasms, and the nature of the physical constitution of the individual. Understanding the innate constitution is fundamental to homoeopathic treatment because it holds the 66

keys to an individuals susceptibility as well as the inherited effects of the chronic miasms. Hippocrates was the first physician to use the term miasm which has its origins in the Greek word for taint or fault. He postulated that certain infectious diseases were transmitted to humans by air and water tainted by miasms. In late 18th century it was a common belief that miasms were impure airs that were responsible for the spread of epidemic diseases among groups of people. Hahnemann realized that the air could carry infectious diseases but he did not consider the pathogenic material to be gaseous in nature. By the late 1790s Hahnemann had realized that syphilis was an infectious blood disease that could mask itself with the symptoms of many different illnesses. Early in his career he made a special preparation called Mercurius Solubilis Hahnemanni that was the standard treatment for syphilis throughout Europe. He soon found that Mercury in homoeopathic potency worked much better on syphilis than the crude poisonous form and he recorded several permanent cures. A Dutch naturalist named van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope and published his observations of small living animalcules before in his death in 1723. This information led Hahnemann to believe that microorganisms were at the root of many infectious diseases. For this reason he supported the ideas of the animalculists but at the same time upheld the importance of susceptibility of the host constitution. Very early in his career Hahnemann suggested that certain skin eruptions, such as crusta lactea, were being caused by microscopic miasmic animalcule i.e., microorganisms. At this time there were four major theories about diseases that spread in an infectious manner. Miasma as a foul gaseous exhalation. The theory of the animalcule. The zymotic theory. The theory of spontaneous generation. Some scientists suggested that certain substances called zymes that were inert outside the body could lie dormant until the internal terrain made it possible for them to multiply and caused specific diseases. The observations of the zymotists are very similar to the activities of viral material in the human body. The term zymotic can be found in the old homoeopathic literature and is a rubric in the general section of Kents Repertory. Hahnemann synthesized the ideas of the animalcule and zymes and redefined the Hippocratic term miasma to express the constitutional derangements caused by parasitic infections. He carefully separated the self-limiting acute miasms from the syndromes of long lasting diseases and started to develop a special materia medica and repertory for the treatment of the chronic miasms. Therefore, in Hahnemannian Homoeopathy the word miasm means the effects of microorganisms on the vital force including the symptoms that are transmitted to the following generations. These chronic miasms are capable of producing degenerative illnesses, auto-immune diseases and lead the organism toward immuno-deficiency disorders.

67

Phases of MiasmsHahnemann noticed that each of the chronic diseases has three phases Primary stage Latent stage Secondary or tertiary state.

The effects of these miasms were then passed from one generation to the next generation by inheritance and caused predispositions to certain disease syndromes. In condition of Sarcoidosis, all the miasms frequently show their active part and according to their sequence of activity, the whole process of Sarcoidosis is settled.

Types of MiasmsThe three chronic miasms that Hahnemann introduced in 1828 were called Psora (the itch miasm) Sycosis (the gonorrheal miasm) Syphilis (the chancre miasm).

From the time of Hippocrates healers conjectured about the possibility of invisible organisms causing disease but Hahnemann founded the modern concept of infection. In the preface of Charles Hempels translation of the Organon, Constantine Hering recorded that late in his life Hahnemann made further discoveries and developed a new aspect of the theory of Psora with the introduction of a new miasm he called Pseudo-psora. Hering wrote: Hahnemann distinguishes the venereal miasms as syphilis and sycosis; and also subdivides psora with pseudo- Hahnemanns miasmic theory now contained two venereal and two non-venereal miasms that produced life-long chronic diseases. The two non-venereal miasms are Psora (the itch disease) and Pseudo-psora (the tubercle disease). The two venereal miasms are Sycosis (the fig wart diseases) and Syphilis (the chancre disease). Hahnemann noticed that some cases that appeared to be Psora did not depend exclusively on an external skin eruption for their development. He observed that this disease was infectious in nature and possessed primary, latent, and secondary symptoms as well as inherited aspects. He decided that it was caused by a miasmic agent with a distinct etiology so he separated its symptoms from Psora and made a new classification called the Pseudo-psora, the TB miasm. All of these miasms may be acquired through a primary infection or their effects can be experienced through heredity.

68

The Fundamental Miasms and Their Combinations


It is sometimes considered, if Hahnemann taught that all long-lasting diseases are caused by chronic miasms. This is not the total picture. In the Organon, he mentions three classifications of long lasting disease: Those caused by continuing stress factors (disorders upheld by maintaining causes which by their nature are not necessarily true chronic disorders 73), Those caused by drug toxicity and faulty treatment (physician caused 74.), Those caused by infectious miasms (naturally caused 78).

Signs and Symptoms of MiasmsEach of the chronic miasms have their own characteristic signs that are an integral part of the totality of the symptoms. For example Psora tends to produce irritation, inflammation, and hypersensitivity. Sycosis tends to produce infiltrations, indurations, and over growth. Pseudo-psora tends toward tubercles, fibrosis and suppuration. Syphilis tends toward granulation, degeneration and ulceration.

Physical constitution Psora tends to make the organism toxic, the skin unhealthy, and perverts the functions of the digestive and eliminative organs. Pseudo-psora tends to produce pipe stem bones, narrow chests, sunken cheeks and sparkling eyes. Sycosis tends to cause heavy bones, water retention, over growth of tissue like gynaecomastia, hirsutism and slow metabolism. 69

Syphilis tends to cause congenital defects, asymmetrical bony structure, deformed teeth and the classic bull dog face.

Temperament Psora is full of pseudo-scientific, philosophical, political, religious ideas. They are self expressive, talkative, self deceptive and may think they are full of genius yet seem foolish and impractical to others. Pseudo-psora (Tubercular miasm) is romantic, erotic, social, extroverted, cosmopolitan, erratic, optimistic, yet dissatisfied and always wants to change places, jobs, mates, etc. Sycosis is pessimistic, a hard realist, skeptical, secretive, suspicious, jealous and has fixed ideas and hidden self disgust. Syphilis has a mixture of madness and genius with a deep sense of irony that leads to obsession with death and destruction. They become guilty, self destructive, and end in idiocy, insanity or suicide.

Pains Psora pains are itchy, crawling, tickling, and burning Pseudo-psora pains are neuralgic, sharp, piercing, twisting, stitching. Sycosis pains are sudden, intense, spasmodic, crampy and colicky. Syphilis pains are lacking for the condition present or are deep, aching, agonizing, and esp. < at night.

Discharges Psora has fairly scanty, irritating, itchy discharges. Pseudo-psora has pussy, purulent, yellow, bloody, musty discharges. Sycosis has pungent, brine-like, fishy odors with watery greenish or dirty brown discharges. Syphilitic miasm has very offensive, foul, putrid, smelly discharges.

Skin Psora is dry, rough, unhealthy, every little injury becomes infected and the lesions are itchy and have scanty pus. The symptoms repeatedly found with Sarcoidosis cases. Pseudo-psora is translucent, fine, smooth, bruises easily, and its lesions bleed easily and exude excessive pus. Sycosis is full of warts, flecks, moles, growths, dark discolorations with over growth of hair- so called hirsutism.

70

Syphilitic skin has brownish red, or coppery color spots, eruptions that do not itch, and a tendency toward easy ulceration.

The final combination of all the three miasms is called cancerous miasm and produces the worst forms of illness viz. tumours like prolactinoma, micro or macroadenoma etc. Thus we can see that in Dr. Hahnemanns method the totality of the symptoms includes the signs and symptoms of the miasms classified by their layers and listed according to their development. The active miasm is the center on which the totality of symptoms is built so that the remedy chosen matches the underlying miasm syndromes. Dr. Allen offered his opinion as to the use of the totality without an understanding of the chronic miasms and their layers in his classic, The Chronic Miasms. I think I hear many say, are not the totality of the symptoms, all there is to disease? Yes, but to me it is necessary to know something of what is behind that grouping of the totality. If you do not know this you are prescribing for a Jack-in-the-box. You cannot follow the evolution of the curative process; you cannot even prescribe intelligently the proper diet for a patient, unless you know the basic miasm. Of course the diseases that are present will help you to some extent, but you have no surety unless you know the underlying basic disturber of the disordered life.

Totality, Constitution and the MiasmsThe etiology of a disease, the constitutional temperament of the patient, and the totality of the signs and symptoms are three factors that form a complete picture of a disease. In Homoeopathy we often speak of the totality of the symptoms as the basis of selecting a remedy, but sometimes we forget to include the causative factors, miasms, and the physical constitution of the individual. The physical signs of a person are fundamental to the treatment of chronic disorders because the constitution and temperament shows the effects of the inherited miasms. We must get beyond relying solely on the personal or family history to uncover miasms. The miasms are present in the very symptomatology of the client. The syndromes produced by the miasms point to the fundamental cause even if it can not be traced in the case taking to a specific etiologic factor. In this way, to treat a seemingly simple case of Sarcoidosis, it is neccessory to collect all the signs and symptoms to constitute the totality for correct treatment.

Idiosyncracy
No two individuals are alike. They differ from each other in several ways viz. mental, physical, social, pathological or their responces to the external stimuli. The most important becomes the susceptibility of the individual which ascertains his inclination to be sick or to be extraordinarily susceptible to certain things for which other persons are not normally reactant or too responsive. In modern terminology the term idiosyncracy has been replaced with allergy and the various stimuli are termed as allergens.

71

This condition of being hypersensititive for certain stimuli, either external or internal, is called idiosyncracy. Idiosyncratics are more susceptible to various causes and more prone to have Sarcoidosis.
Indisposition

Often, the stimuli affecting an individual may disturb his normal health economy slightly and temporarily, which almost always autoreversible. This condition of slight deviation from health is called indisposition which usually requires no medical treatment and is spontaneously recovered. Very frequently, we see the cases of idiopathic Sarcoidosis, which fall in this category. By slight correction in habit, habitat and dietary regimen and removal of exciting cause, the condition may be cured completely.

Sarcoidosis and Homoeopathy

Miasmatic Analysis of Signs and Symptoms associated with SarcoidosisSign or Symptom General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) Fever Shortness of breath Cough Skin lesions Skin rash Headache Visual changes Neurological changes Enlarged lymph glands (armpit lump) Enlarged liver Enlarged spleen Dry mouth Fatigue (one of the most common symptoms in children) Weight loss (one of the most common symptoms in children) Tearing, decreased Seizures Nosebleed - symptom Joint stiffness Hair loss Eye burning, itching, and discharge Abnormal breath sounds (e.g. rales) Fundamental Miasm Psora Psora Psora Psora Psora Psora Psora Psora-SycosisSyphilis Sycosis-Syphilis Psora Psora Psora Psora Psora Psora-Syphilis Psora Psora Psora- Syphilis Psora Psora Psora Psora- Syphilis Sycosis, Syphilis Psora- Syphilis Sycosis Sycosis, Syphilis Psora- Syphilis Sycosis Secondary/ Associated Miasm Psora- Syphilis

Sycosis Sycosis, Syphilis Sycosis Sycosis, Syphilis

Psora Sycosis Sycosis Sycosis Syphilis

72

Literature related with Sarcoidosis found in various Homoeopathic Books THERAPEUTICS


1- Degroote F., Physical Examination and Observation in Homoeopathy

Materia Medica Tuberculinum bovinum kent Clinical Observations Enlarged and induration of glands. Sarcoidosis.
2- Indian Journal of Homoeopathic Medicine-1995- vol. 30

Homoeopathic Approach to the Problem of Cancer Cancer- Sarcoidosis and Pneumoconiosis- Berrylium
3- International Foundation for Homoeopathy

Case Conference Procedings- 1991 The Emerging Picture of Leprominium The Leprosy Nosode Conclusion Leprosy resembles many skin conditions. Leprominium should be useful in many of these conditions, including: leucoderma, nutritional discoloration of the skin, macular syphilides, tinea versicolor, lupus erythematosus, lupus vulgaris, neurofibromatosis, cutaneous sarcoidosis, leukemia cutis, Kaposi's sarcoma, subcutaneous phycomycosis, lymphoma, seborrheic dermatitis, erythema multiforme, alopecia areata, ringworm, psoriasis, lichen planus, pityriasis rosea, urticaria, scleroderma, lipoma, acne vulgaris, and molluscum contagiosum.
4- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide

Beryllium metallicum Symptoms Lungs Appearance similar to tuberculosis or sarcoidosis.


5- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide

Beryllium metallicum Symptomatology Clinical Diagnosis Generalities 73

Sarcoidosis.
6- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide

Beryllium metallicum Symptomatology Clinical Diagnosis Respirator System Pulmonary sarcoidosis.


7- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide

Beryllium metallicum Symptomatology Clinical Diagnosis Locomotor Sarcoidosis of the bones.


8- Liga Medicorum Homoeopathica Internationalis- 1988

Leprominium Conclusion Leprosy resembles many skin conditions like leucoderma, nutritional discolouration of skin, macular syphilides tinea versicolor, Lupus erythematous, lupus vulgaris, neurofibromatosis, cutaneous sarcoidosis, leukaemia cutis, kaposis sarcoma, subcutaneous phycomycosis, lymphoma, seborrhoic dermatitis, erythema multiform, alopecia areata ringworm of the skin, psoriasis, lichen planus, pityriasis rosea, urticaria, scleroderma, lipoma, acne vulgaris, molluscum contagiosum, etc. It should be useful in many of these conditions.
9- Master F. J. Tubercular Miasm Tuberculins

The Secondary Symptoms of Tuberculosis Heart Boeck's Sarcoidosis.


10- Morrison R. Seminar Burgh Haamstede Sept 1987

Nux vomica Case 1 Then I had another two more cases that came in, absolutely perfect cases, my first three cases. The first was Crohns disease, the second was scleroderma - which was a Kali carbonicum, and the third was sarcoidosis - which was a Pulsatilla case. Absolutely perfect clear cases: essence, totality, keynotes - everything. Then I had to wait one year before I saw 74

another such case! So you see that homeopathy seduces us and makes us think: "Oh, how easy, how wonderful" and then we get trapped and it makes us work very hard.
11- Morrison R. Seminar Burgh Haamstede Sept 1987

Remarks, Questions Studying Homoeopathy Usually long before you think you are ready you should start. Because if you don't start, you cannot learn. You have to make sure to start the practice with simple cases. Don't do what I did and start with Crohns disease and sarcoidosis. But start with headache, arthritis, simple cases first.
12- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide

Beryllium metallicum Clinical Allergic conditions. Cancerous conditions. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Kidney stones. Sarcoidosis. Tubercular conditions.
13- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide

Beryllium metallicum Limbs Rheumatism. Pain in the arms as if bruised. Buttocks cold. Clubbed fingers. Blue discoloration of the hands. Sarcoidosis of the bones. Deposits around the inter-phalangeal joints.
14- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide

Beryllium metallicum Lungs Respiration painful, aggravated by movement. Cough deep, dry, painful, aggravated by bending backwards. Aggravated by smoke, improved in a very warm room. Sputum streaked with blood. Cyanosis, cough accelerating the respiratory rhythm. Spasmodic cough with pain behind the sternum. Appearance similar to tuberculosis or sarcoidosis. Tracheitis and bronchitis. Capillary bronchitis. Dilation of the bronchi. Pulmonary sarcoidosis. Pneumoconiosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis, early stage. Emphysema.
15- Scholten J. Homoeopathy And The Elements

Carbon Sereis: Lithium to Neon Beryllium metallicum Beryllium is known to cause a disease picture that is almost identical to sarcoidosis (also called Besnier-Boeck disease). Julian (1979, 1981) has described a proving of Beryllium. 75

16- Scholten J. Homoeopathy and The Elements

Carbon Sereis: Lithium to Neon Beryllium metallicum Picture of Beryllium Metallicum Complaints Lung affection: sarcoidosis, cancer.
17- Scholten J. Homoeopathy And The Elements

Ferrum Sereis: Kali ti Krypton Manganum sulphuricum Case by Rienk Stuut She eats a lot. An X-ray of her lungs showed she had sarcoidosis.
18- Scholten J. Homoeopathy And The Elements

Ferrum Sereis: Kali ti Krypton Manganum sulphuricum Case by Rienk Stuut Reaction The pains in her knee had disappeared by the next day. The dizziness also went away quite soon and the tiredness disappeared after an initial aggravation. For the first time in her life she feels completely fit and well. The sarcoidosis also disappeared. One year after she got the remedy she still feels fine and she looks radiant.
19- Schroyens F.- Synthesis (Original English Version)- 9th Ed.

Natrium arsenicosum Chest CHEST - SARCOIDOSIS pulmonalis


20- Van Woensel E., Radar Keynotes Version 4

Characterstics and Peculiarities A Compiled Materia Medica Beryllium metallicum Respiratory Tract Tuberculosis. Sarcoidosis.
21- Vermeulen F.- Prisma- Materia Medica

Calcarea carbonica 76

Signs HYPERCALCEMIA Prolonged administration of calcium carbonate may result in hypercalcemia, producing confused behaviour, anorexia, abdominal pain and weak muscles, possibly leading to the development of kidney stones and impaired kidney function. When bred after a week on diets supplemented with high amounts of calcium, female mice produced young which were lower in weight and number. Mortality was increased. The highest level of supplemented calcium carbonate caused heart enlargement. In humans, five hundred milligrams per kilogram of body weight was fed to ulcer victims for three weeks - 145 times the normal ingested amount. Apart from hypercalcemia, some patients suffered from nausea, weakness, and dizziness. A rare syndrome occurring in very young children, named idiopathic hypercalcemia, results in osteosclerosis, renal insufficiency, and sometimes hypertension; may also be associated with supravalvular aortic stenosis, mental retardation, and elfin facies. The latter is characterised by a short, upturned nose, wide mouth, widely spaced eyes, and full cheeks. Primary causes of hypercalcemia are: [1] parathyroid hormone excess; [2] malignancy with bone metastases; [3] hyperthyroidism; [4] vitamin D intoxication; vitamin A intoxication; [5] excessive gastrointestinal calcium absorption or intake; [6] sarcoidosis; [7] myxedema, Addison's disease, postoperative Cushing's disease; [8] lithium intoxication; [9] aluminiuminduced osteomalacie; [10] immobilization, e.g. in young, growing individuals, in elderly patients with osteoporosis, and in paraplegics or quadriplegics. Symptoms of mild hypercalcemia include constipation, anorexia, nausea and vomiting with abdominal pain and ileus. In more severe cases, there is emotional lability, confusion, delirium, psychosis, stupor, and coma. Neuromuscular involvement may cause prominent skeletal muscle weakness. Hypercalciuria with nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis is common. Peptic ulcers and pancreatitis may be associated with hyperparathyroidism. 7
22- Vermeulen F.

Prisma Materia Medica Colchicum autumnale Signs COLCHICINE The major alkaloid of Colchicum autumnale is colchicine. The colchicine content is highest in the seeds [up to 1,3%], followed by the corm, while the leaves and flowers have the lowest content. Pure colchicine consists of pale yellow scales or powder, darkening on exposure to light. Its biological activities include antimitotic, antiinflammatory, and antifibrogenic actions. It also acts on liver functions: it modifies membrane fluidity, and increases membrane enzymes activities and glycogen levels. Colchicine is used to treat acute gout, familial 77

mediterranean fever, and, less frequently, leukemia, and Behet's syndrome. More recently, the use of colchicine has expanded to include such indications as primary biliary cirrhosis, alcohol-induced cirrhosis, sarcoidosis, and scleroderma. Because it inhibits collagen transport to the extracellular space, it is employed in the prevention or treatment of amyloidosis and scleroderma. Colchicine has been shown to be more toxic in the elderly, especially those with liver or kidney dysfunction. Patients are advised to consume a large amount of fluids while taking colchicine. Although research is inconsistent, colchicine is believed to prevent vitamins A and B12 absorption. It has also been associated with impaired absorption of beta-carotene, fat, lactose, potassium, and sodium. Acidifying agents inhibit the action of colchicine, while alkalinizing agents potentiate it. Highly toxic, death has resulted from single oral doses of 3 to 13 mg colchicine, although the estimated lethal dose is 20-65 mg. In laboratory animals, this alkaloid has caused both birth defects and damage to the reproductive system.
23- Vermeulen F.

Synoptic Materia Medica 2 Beryllium metallicum Leading Symptoms P Sarcoidosis [Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease].
24- Vithoulkas G. Materia Medica Viva

Arsenicum bromatum The Essential Features This is a remedy that should be thought of in cases of cancerous affections or affections involving the glands with swelling and induration. Hodgkin's disease, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and infectious mononucleosis may be classed under its pathology. It will suit cases of diabetis mellitus and insipidus, accompanied by a dramatic loss of weight and excessive thirst, and cases presenting an excessive amount of sugar in the urine in diabetis mellitus. It will also suit cases of nephritis.
25- Vithoulkas G. Materia Medica Viva

Arsenicum iodatum Generalities Inflammation of glands, bones and serous membranes. Hodgkin's disease. Sarcoidosis. Mucus secretions increased, copious catarrhal discharges, thick and yellow resembling yellow honey, or yellow-green.
26- Yasgur J. Homoeopathic Dictionary

Dictionary B 78

Boecks Sarcoid (sarcoidosis, Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann syndrome) a connective tissue tumor, usually highly malignant, and of unknown origin, which involves the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, bones of the fingers and toes, and parotid glands. These tissues gradually become fibrous (harden). Named after P.M. Boeck (1845-1917), a Norwegian dermatologist. Sarcoid means resembling flesh.

79

Repertory of Sarcoidosis
CHEST - SARCOIDOSIS pulmonalis ars-br. Ars-i. Beryl. lyc. Mang-s. nat-ar. parathyr. pin-s. puls. Tub-m. tub. v-a-b. CHEST - SARCOIDOSIS, pulmonary beryl. nat-ar. SKIN - SARCOIDOSIS beryl. GENERALITIES - BESNIER-BOECK, morbus, Sarcoidosis aq-mar. aran-ix. asar. beryl. hip-ac. hist. kres. lepr. lyc. mand. nat-ar. parathyr. pin-s. puls. thiop. tub-m. tub. v-a-b. EYE - INFLAMMATION - Iris acon. Apis Arg-n. ARN. Ars-i. ars-s-f. Ars. Asaf. aur-ar. aur-i. aur-s. Aur. Bell. BRY. calchi. calc. Cedr. Chin. chinin-m. Cinnb. Clem. Colch. Coloc. Com. con. crot-h. Crot-t. dub. Dulc. Euphr. ferr-p. gels. grin. ham. Hep. iod. Kali-bi. Kali-i. kalm. lepr. MERC-C. merc-if. merc-pn. Merc. mez. morg-p. Nat-m. nat-sal. Nit-ac. nux-v. petr. phyt. plb. Puls. RHUS-T. sabal sal-ac. Seneg. Sil. spig. Staph. sul-i. Sulph. Syph. tell. Ter. thuj. toxo-g. vac. zinc. EYE - INFLAMMATION - Iris - adhesions, with Calc. Clem. graph. Merc-c. Nit-ac. sil. spig. staph. Sulph. Ter. FACE - DISCOLORATION - bluish absin. acon. agar-ph. Agar. Ail. alum-p. alum-sil. am-c. aml-ns. androc. ang. ant-c. antt. Apis Arg-n. Ars-i. ars-s-f. ARS. ASAF. asar. asim. aur-ar. Aur. bad. BAPT. BELL. borx. both. brom. BRY. bufo Cact. cadm-met. calc-p. calc. CAMPH. CANN-I. Canth. Carb-an. CARB-V. Carbn-s. carl. Caust. Cedr. Cench. Cham. chinin-ar. chlf. Chlol. Chlor. Cic. cimic. Cina cinnb. Cocc. colch. CON. cor-r. croc. crot-h. crot-t. Cupr-act. CUPR. cypraeg. cyt-l. DIG. Dros. Dulc. ferr. frag. gels. Glon. helo-s. Hep. hydr-ac. HYOS. ign. indg. iod. IP. jal. Kali-c. kali-cy. Kali-i. kali-m. kali-p. kali-sil. Kreos. LACH. lachn. Laur. loxolae. Lyc. mag-p. meph. merc-c. merc-cy. merc. mez. mill. MORPH. mosch. nat-ar. Natm. nat-p. nitro-o. Nux-v. oena. OP. ox-ac. petr. phenac. phos. Phyt. plb. prun. psor. Puls. rhus-t. russ. Samb. sang. sars. sec. sil. spig. Spong. Staph. Stram. Stry. succ-ac. sul-ac. Sulph. Tab. Tarent. tub. VERAT-V. VERAT. vesp. Vip. visc. zinc-p. zinc. FACE - DISCOLORATION - cyanotic anan. androc. ANT-T. ARS. atra-r. Aur. borx. both. Cact. carb-v. Cupr. hydr-ac. ix. lat-m. laur. lyss. merc-cy. NAT-M. ox-ac. physala-p. psor. russ. spig. vesp. EXTERNAL THROAT - SWELLING - Cervical Glands 80

acon-l. acon. aesc. aeth. Agar. agath-a. aids. alum-sil. Alum. Alumn. Am-c. Am-m. ambr. ant-c. ant-t. Apis aq-mar. arg-met. arn. ars-br. Ars. ARUM-T. Asaf. asar. astac. aur. bac. bamb-a. BAR-C. bar-i. BAR-M. bar-s. BELL. borx. bov. brom. Bry. calad. calcchln. calc-f. calc-i. calc-p. calc-s. calc-sil. CALC. camph. canth. Carb-an. Carb-v. carbn-s. caust. Cham. Chel. Chin. chir-fl. chord-umb. Cic. cinnb. CIST. clem. cocc. coli. Con. cupr. Dig. diph. dros. Dulc. ferr-i. ferr. glon. GRAPH. hecla Hell. helodr-cal. Hep. hydrog. ign. Iod. irid-met. kali-bi. KALI-C. Kali-chl. Kali-i. kali-m. kali-sil. ketogl-ac. kiss. kola kreos. Lach. Lap-a. lap-la. led. Lith-c. luna LYC. Mag-m. mag-p. marb-w. Merc-c. merccy. Merc-d. Merc-i-f. Merc-i-r. MERC. mez. moni. Morb. mur-ac. nabal. Nat-c. Nat-m. Nat-s. Nit-ac. Nux-v. ozone Petr. Ph-ac. Phos. Phyt. plb. polys. pot-e. Psor. Puls. ran-s. rhus-r. RHUS-T. rhus-v. ruta sabad. sal-fr. sal-mar. sars. scarl. sel. Sep. SIL. Spig. Spong. stann. STAPH. staphycoc. stict. Still. streptoc. suis-em. sul-ac. sul-i. SULPH. syc. syph. tarent. tep. Thuj. Toxo-g. Tub. urol-h. v-a-b. ven-m. verat. vesp. viol-t. wies. zinc. EXTERNAL THROAT - SWELLING - Cervical Glands - suppurative CALC. Cist. Hep. Lith-c. MERC. Nit-ac. SIL. Sulph. Tub. v-a-b. ABDOMEN - ENLARGED - Liver aconin. aesc. agar. aloe anders. anis. ant-t. ars-i. Ars. aur-ar. aur-i. Aur-m. aur-s. aur. bar-m. boerh-d. brass-n-o. Bry. bufo caesal-b. Calc-ar. calc-sil. Calc. Carb-v. carc. cardm. Chel. CHIN. chinin-ar. Chion. Cocc. coloc. Con. Dig. eberth. eup-per. ferr-ar. ferr-i. ferr-p. Ferr. Fl-ac. glyc. graph. Hep. Hippoz. hydr. Iod. kali-br. Kali-c. kali-s. lac-e. lach. lact. lat-m. Laur. loxo-lae. loxo-recl. luf-b. LYC. mag-c. MAG-M. mang-act. Merc-d. merci-r. Merc. mur-ac. Nat-m. NAT-S. Nit-ac. Nux-m. NUX-V. Phos. pin-s. plb. Podo. popcand. ptel. sec. sel. senn. sep. sil. stel. sul-i. Sulph. symph. tab. tarax. thuj. toxo-g. Tub. urt-u. vip. zinc-p. Zinc. ABDOMEN - ENLARGED - Spleen aconin. agar. agn. anders. Anthraci. Aran. ars-br. Ars-i. ars-s-f. Ars. Aur-m. bell-p. brass-n-o. brom. calc-ar. calc-i. Calc. Caps. carb-v. card-m. CEAN. cedr. CHIN. chinin-ar. Chinin-s. chion. cimx. Cit-v. Cocc. Con. dros. ferr-act. ferr-ar. ferr-i. Ferr-m. ferr-p. Ferr. grin. Helia. Hippoz. hydr. Ign. IOD. kali-br. kali-m. Lach. laur. leucas-a. loxo-lae. loxorecl. luf-b. mag-m. malar. merc-i-r. Nat-m. Nit-ac. nux-m. Nux-v. Op. Ph-ac. Phos. plb-i. plb. polyg-h. Polym. QUERC. Ran-s. rhus-t. rub-t. ruta saroth. squil. staphycoc. succ. Sul-ac. sul-i. Sulph. tab. tinas. toxo-g. tub. Urt-u. xanrhi. ABDOMEN - SWELLING - Inguinal region - Glands, of alum. am-c. anan. ant-c. Apis ars. Asaf. aur-m. aur-s. Aur. bac. BAD. bapt. Bar-c. Barm. Bell. brom. Bufo calc-ar. Calc-p. CALC. Carb-an. carb-v. carc. caust. Chel. Chin. cinnb. CLEM. cocc. Con. cop. crot-h. Cupr. DULC. elaps eupi. Ferr. gels. Graph. HEP. Hippoz. Iod. Kali-c. Kali-i. lac-c. LACH. lat-m. lyc. Lyss. med. MERC-C. Merc-i-f. Merc-i-r. MERC. nat-ar. Nat-c. nat-m. NIT-AC. nux-v. oci. ozone pall. ph-ac. phos. Phyt. pin-s. Puls. Rhus-t. sal-al. sep. Sil. sin-n. spong. stann. Staph. stram. sul-i. SULPH. sumb. Syph. tarent-c. tarent. tep. Thuj. Tub. xero. zinc. CHEST - SWELLING 81

ars. bell. bry. cadm-s. calc. cann-s. Dulc. iod. kali-bi. kali-chl. kali-m. kali-n. merc. mez. nat-c. pot-e. rhus-t. ribo. sep. Sil. Sulph. EXTREMITIES - INFLAMMATION - Bones Asaf. Aur. Calc. FL-AC. mang. MERC. Mez. PH-AC. Rhus-t. SIL. EXTREMITIES - INFLAMMATION - Fingers - Bones Staph. FEVER - FEVER, heat in general abrom-a. acet-ac. ACON. aesc. aeth. agar. agn. agrosti-vg. alet. all-s. alst. alum. amact. am-c. am-m. Ambr. anac. Ang. ant-c. ANT-T. anthraci. APIS aran. arg-met. Arist-cl. ARN. ars-h. ARS. arum-i. Arum-t. asaf. asim. astac. aur-m. aur-s. aur. Bapt. Bar-c. barox-suc. basil. bell-p. BELL. ben. benz-ac. benzo. berb. bid-p. bit-ar. bol-la. both. brom. BRY. CACT. cadm-s. cain. calad. Calc. calen. calo. camph. Canch. Canth. Caps. carb-an. carb-v. Carbn-s. card-b. card-m. casc. caul. caust. cedr. cent. Cham. Chel. chim. Chin. CHININ-S. chir-fl. cic. cimic. cimx. Cina cinch. cloth. coca Cocc. Coff. Colch. colchin. coloc. colum-p. CON. convo-s. conyz-sm. cop. corn-a. corn-f. croc. crot-h. cupr. Cur. Cycl. cymbop-ci. daph. Dig. diph-t-tpt. diph. dor. dros. Dulc. eberth. echi. Elaps elat. epil. ery-m. eucal. eup-a. Eup-per. eup-pur. euph. euphr. eys. ferr-ar. FERR-P. Ferr. ficm. Fl-ac. galv. gard-t. GELS. gent-l. Graph. guaj. guiz-sc. gymno. hedy. Hell. Hep. Hyos. hyosin. Ign. Iod. IP. iris-t. ix. kali-bi. kali-c. kali-chl. KALI-I. kali-s. Kreos. Lac-c. lacer. Lach. lachn. lat-m. Laur. Led. leptos-ih. lim. lob. loxo-lae. loxo-recl. LYC. lyss. Mag-c. mag-m. mag-s. malar. mang. markh-l. med. meny. Merc-c. Merc-cy. Merc. Merl. MEZ. micr. mik-c. mill. mom-ch. mosch. Mur-ac. muru. nat-c. NAT-M. nat-p. nat-s. nat-sal. Nit-ac. Nux-m. NUX-V. oci-g. oci-sa. ol-j. olib-sac. Op. oper. oxyt. Parathyr. parth. pertvc. pert. petr-ra. petr. Ph-ac. phenac. PHOS. physala-p. pic-ac. pimp. pisc. plb. plect. plumbg. Podo. positr. prim-v. prin. Psor. ptel. PULS. pyre-p. pyrog. queb. ran-a. raph. rhod. RHUS-T. Rhus-v. ruta sabad. Sabin. sal-n. sal-p. salol. Samb. Sang. sapin. saroth. sarr. sars. scarl. SEC. senec-ma. seneg. Sep. ser-a-c. SIL. spig. SPONG. SQUIL. Stann. Staph. STRAM. Sul-ac. Sulph. Sumb. TARAX. Tarent. ter. teucr. thuj. toxo-g. triclis-g. trios. tritic-vg. tub-a. tub-m. urt-u. Valer. vario. Verat-v. VERAT. vern-am. Viol-t. wye. yohim. zinc. SKIN - DISCOLORATION - bluish acon. Aeth. ail. am-c. ang. Ant-t. Apis Arg-n. arn. Ars. aur-ar. aur. Bapt. Bell. bism. both. Brom. bry. bufo cadm-s. calc-sil. calc. Camph. Carb-an. CARB-V. Carbn-s. chin. chinin-ar. coca cocc. con. cop. CROT-C. Crot-h. Cupr. cur. DIG. elaps Ferr-p. gels. glon. Hydr-ac. kali-bi. Kali-br. kreos. lac-e. lac-h. LACH. lat-m. Laur. led. mang. Merc-c. merccy. merc. mur-ac. naja nat-m. Nux-m. NUX-V. OP. Ox-ac. oxyurn-sc. petr. ph-ac. phos. Phyt. plb. puls. rhus-t. ruta samb. Sec. sil. spong. Stram. sulph. syph. tarent-c. Tarent. thuj. thymol. VERAT-V. VERAT. vip. SKIN - ERUPTIONS - bluish - dark Ail. arg-n. Crot-h. Lach. Ran-b. sars. Sulph. SKIN - ERUPTIONS - tubercles 82

agar. alum. am-c. Am-m. anac. ang. Ant-c. apis aran. Ars. aur. Bar-c. bar-m. bar-s. Bell. Bry. calc-p. calc-s. CALC. Carb-an. Carb-v. carbn-s. CAUST. Cic. cocc. Con. crot-h. Dulc. Fl-ac. Graph. hell. Hep. hydrc. kali-ar. Kali-bi. Kali-br. kali-c. Kali-i. kali-n. kali-s. LACH. LED. Lyc. mag-c. mag-m. mag-s. mang. merc-c. Merc. Mez. Mur-ac. nat-ar. Nat-c. Natm. Nit-ac. nux-v. Olnd. Petr. ph-ac. Phos. Rhus-t. sec. sel. sep. Sil. stann. Staph. sul-ac. Sulph. syph. tarax. Thuj. tub. valer. verat. Zinc. SKIN - INDURATIONS, nodules, etc. aeth. Agar. ail. alum. alumn. am-c. am-m. anac. ANT-C. Ant-t. antho. Apis arg-met. argn. Ars-i. ars-s-f. ars. aur. Bar-c. bell. berb. borx. bov. brom. Bry. bufo calc-sil. CALC. cann-s. canth. caps. Carb-an. carb-v. carbn-s. Caul. caust. Chel. chin. chlol. cic. cinnb. Clem. cocc. CON. crot-h. crot-t. dig. dros. Dulc. euph. Graph. guaj. hell. Hep. hydr. ign. Iod. ip. iris Kali-bi. kali-br. Kali-c. kali-i. kali-n. kali-s. kali-sil. kreos. lach. Led. loxo-recl. LYC. mag-c. mag-m. maland. Mang. merc-i-f. merc-i-r. Merc. mez. Mur-ac. nat-c. Nat-m. nat-s. nit-ac. nux-v. olnd. op. par. petr. ph-ac. PHOS. phyt. psor. PULS. Ran-b. RHOD. RHUS-T. Ruta sabin. sars. Sec. sel. SEP. SIL. spig. spong. squil. stann. Staph. stram. sulac. SULPH. tarax. ther. Thuj. tritic-vg. tub. urt-u. valer. verat. verb. viol-t. zinc-s. zinc. SKIN - LUPUS abr. agar. alum-sil. alum. alumn. ant-c. apis arg-n. ars-i. ARS. aur-ar. aur-i. aur-m. Barc. bell. calc-i. calc-s. calc-sil. calc. calo. Carb-ac. Carb-v. Caust. chr-o. cic. Cist. cund. ferr-pic. form-ac. form. germ-met. graph. guar. guare. hep. Hydr. Hydrc. irid-met. kaliar. Kali-bi. kali-c. Kali-chl. Kali-i. Kali-s. kali-sil. Kreos. lach. LYC. m-arct. merc-i-r. merc. nat-m. NIT-AC. nux-v. ol-j. Phyt. Psor. puls. ran-b. rhus-t. sabin. sep. Sil. sol spong. staph. sulph. thiosin. THUJ. titan. tub. urea x-ray SKIN - NETWORK of blood vessels ant-t. Ars. bell. berb. Calc. carb-an. Carb-v. Caust. clem. Crot-h. ferr-p. graph. hydr. kreos. lach. lyc. merc. nat-m. nit-ac. nux-v. ox-ac. petr. Phos. plat. puls. rhus-t. sabad. sec. Sep. sil. staph. sul-ac. sulph. thuj. GENERALS - ABSCESSES - Glands anthraci. ars. Aur-m-n. Aur. bad. Bar-c. bar-m. Bell. brom. calc-f. Calc-hp. calc-i. calc-p. CALC-S. CALC. canth. carb-an. carb-v. cinnb. cist. clem. coloc. crot-h. Dulc. echi. fl-ac. Form. Guaj. guare. HEP. hyos. ign. jug-r. KALI-I. kreos. Lach. lap-a. Lyc. MERC. moni. myris. Nit-ac. petr. Phos. Phyt. Pyrog. Rhus-t. Sars. sec. Sep. sil-mar. SIL. spig. squil. Stram. sul-ac. SULPH. Syph. teucr-s. toxo-g. Tub. v-a-b. zinc. GENERALS - EMACIATION ABROT. acal. Acet-ac. adren. Agar. alco. Alet. alf. all-s. alum-p. alum-sil. Alum. alumn. am-c. am-caust. am-m. Ambr. ambro. anac. androc. ang. ant-c. ant-t. anthraci. Apis apoc. aq-mar. Arg-met. Arg-n. arn. ARS-I. ars-met. ars-s-f. ARS. arum-i. asc-t. astra-e. astra-m. aur-ar. aur-m. Aur. bac. bapt. bar-act. BAR-C. bar-i. Bar-m. bar-s. Bell. ben-n. benz-ac. beryl. bism. borx. both. brach. brass-n-o. Brom. Bry. Bufo buni-o. Cact. calcar. calc-f. calc-hp. CALC-I. calc-m. calc-ox. Calc-p. Calc-sil. CALC. Camph. cann-s. Canth. Caps. Carb-an. Carb-v. carbn-o. Carbn-s. carc. carl. carneg-g. Caust. cench. cere-b. Cetr. Cham. Chel. CHIN. chinin-ar. chinin-s. Chion. chlol. Chlor. cic. cimic. cina 83

Cist. Clem. cob-n. coca Cocc. coff. Colch. Coloc. con. cor-r. cordyc. cory. Crot-c. crot-t. cub. cund. Cupr. dig. digin. diphtox. dros. dulc. echi. echit. euphr. eupi. Ferr-ar. Ferr-i. Ferr-m. ferr-p. FERR. Fl-ac. fuc. gaert. Gamb. gels. germ-met. Glycyr-g. gran. GRAPH. Guaj. haliae-lc. hed. HELL. helo-s. helo. Helon. Hep. Hippoz. hura Hydr. hydrog. Ign. IOD. Ip. jal. jug-c. kali-ar. kali-bi. Kali-br. Kali-c. Kali-i. Kali-p. kali-s. Kali-sil. kali-t. Kreos. kres. Lac-ac. lac-c. Lac-d. Lach. lat-k. lat-m. Laur. lec. led. lil-t. Lith-c. luf-op. LYC. Lycps-v. lyss. mag-c. mag-m. mag-p. mang-act. mang. med. Merc-c. merc-k-i. Merc. mez. moly-met. morph. Mucor Mur-ac. myos-a. Myos-s. naja Nat-ar. Nat-c. NAT-HCHLS. NAT-M. Nat-n. Nat-p. Nat-s. nat-sil. Nicc. NIT-AC. nit-s-d. nuph. nux-m. NUX-V. Ol-j. Op. ox-ac. ozone parathyr. pers. Petr. Ph-ac. phel. PHOS. Phyt. pic-ac. pilo. pin-s. pip-m. Plan. plb-xyz. PLB. Podo. Psor. Puls. pyrog. raph. Rheum rhus-g. Rhus-t. rhus-v. Rumx. ruta sacch. samb. Sanic. saroth. Sars. Sec. SEL. Senec. sep. SIL. spig. spong. Stann-i. STANN. staph. still. Stram. Strept-ent. Stront-c. Sul-ac. sul-h. sul-i. sulfa. SULPH. sumb. symph. Syph. syzyg. tab. Tarent. Ter. Teucr. thal-xyz. thal. ther. thuj-l. Thuj. thyr. triticvg. tub-a. tub-m. tub-r. TUB. uran-met. uran-n. v-a-b. vanad. vanil. Verat-v. Verat. vesp. vip. voes. x-ray zinc-m. zinc-val. Zinc. Zinc. GENERALS - INFLAMMATION - Bones; of Acon. Ang. ars-i. ars. Asaf. aur-ar. aur-i. Aur-m. aur-s. aur. Bell. bry. calc-f. calc-sil. Calc. chin. clem. coloc. con. conch. cupr. dig. dys. euph. FL-AC. guaj. hecla hep. iod. Kali-i. kreos. Lac-ac. lach. Lyc. mag-m. mang-act. Mang. merc-c. merc-k-i. merc-sul. MERC. MEZ. nat-c. nat-sil. Nit-ac. PH-AC. Phos. Phyt. plb. Psor. PULS. rhus-t. sep. SIL. spig. STAPH. staphycoc. still. stront-c. Sulph. Symph. thuj. tub-m. tub. verat. GENERALS - SWELLING - Glands; of abrot. acon-l. acon. Aesc. aeth. agn. Ail. Aln. alum-sil. alum. Alumn. am-c. Am-m. ambr. ancis-p. ant-c. ant-t. Anthraci. Apis aq-mar. arg-met. arn. ARS-I. ars-s-f. Ars. Arum-t. asaf. astac. aur-ar. aur-i. Aur-m. aur-s. aur. Bad. Bapt. BAR-C. BAR-I. BAR-M. bar-s. BELL. Berb. bit-ar. borx. both-ax. both. bov. BROM. Bry. Bufo calad. calc-ar. Calc-f. calc-hp. CALC-I. calc-m. calc-p. CALC-S. Calc-sil. Calc. Calen. camph. cann-s. Canth. caps. CARB-AN. CARB-V. Carbn-s. carc. caust. cench. Cham. chim. chin. cic. cinnb. CIST. CLEM. cloth. coc-c. cocc. coloc. CON. cor-r. cory. croc. crot-c. crot-h. cupr. cycl. dig. dros. DULC. Eucal. euph. euphr. eupi. ferr-ar. ferr-i. FERR. fl-ac. fuc. GRAPH. hall ham. Hecla hed. hell. HEP. hippoz. hydrc. hyos. ign. IOD. Iris jug-r. Kali-ar. Kali-bi. kalibr. Kali-c. Kali-chl. Kali-i. kali-m. kreos. lac-c. lach. Lap-a. lat-m. led. Lith-c. LYC. mag-c. mag-m. mang. med. MERC-C. merc-d. Merc-i-f. Merc-i-r. merc-k-i. MERC. mez. mur-ac. Nat-c. nat-m. Nat-p. nat-s. NIT-AC. Nux-v. ol-j. ozone petr. Ph-ac. PHOS. Phyt. plb. psor. Puls. pyrog. ran-b. ran-s. raph. rhod. RHUS-T. Rumx. ruta sabad. sabin. samb. sars. scir. scol. scroph-n. sec. Sep. sil-mar. SIL. sol-a. sol-o. spig. SPONG. squil. Stann. staph. stict. stram. streptoc. stront-c. Sul-ac. Sul-i. SULPH. symph. Syph. tab. tarent. ter. teucr. ther. thiosin. THUJ. toxo-g. tub-a. tub-m. Tub. uran-n. urea v-a-b. Verat. viol-o. viol-t. vip. Zinc. GENERALS - SWELLING - Glands; of - painless ars. asaf. CALC. cocc. Con. cycl. dulc. Ign. lach. merc. Nit-ac. Ph-ac. plb. Sep. sil. staph. sulph. thuj. Tub. GENERALS - WEAKNESS 84

abies-c. abies-n. abrom-a. abrot. absin. Acet-ac. Acetan. achy. acon-c. acon-f. Acon. adam. adlu. Adon. adox. adren. aesc-g. aesc. Aeth. aether agar-cpn. agar-em. agar-pa. Agar-ph. agar-pr. agar-st. agar. agath-a. agav-t. Agn. aids. ail. alco. Alet. alf. all-c. all-s. allox. aln. Aloe alst-s. alst. alum-p. alum-sil. Alum. alumn. am-br. AM-C. am-caust. amm. Ambr. Aml-ns. ammc. amor-r. amph. amyg. ANAC. Anag. anan. ancis-p. androc. Ang. anil. Ant-ar. Ant-c. ant-m. ant-o. ANT-T. anth. anthraci. anthraco. anthraq. Antip. aphis APIS apoc-a. apoc. apom. aq-mar. aq-pet. ara-maca. aral. aran-sc. Aran. arg-cy. ARG-MET. Arg-n. arist-cl. ARN. ars-h. ars-i. Ars-met. ars-s-f. ars-s-r. ARS. arum-d. arumi. arum-m. arum-t. asaf. asar. asc-t. asim. aspar. astac. aster. atha. atra-r. atro. aur-ar. aur-fu. aur-m-n. Aur-m. aur-s. Aur. Aven. bac. bacls-7. Bals-p. BAPT. bar-act. BAR-C. bar-i. Bar-m. bar-ox-suc. bart. bell-p. bell. ben-n. ben. Benz-ac. berb. berbin. beryl. bism-o. Bism. Bit-ar. Bol-la. bol-s. borx. Both. bov. brach. brass-n-o. BROM. bruc. brucel. brucin. Bry. bufo bung-fa. buni-o. buth-a. Cact. cadm-met. cadm-s. cain. caj. calad. calc-ar. calc-caust. calc-hp. CALC-I. calc-m. calc-p. calc-s. calc-sil. CALC. Camph. cann-i. cann-s. Canth. canthin. caps. car. CARB-AC. Carb-an. carb-v. carbn-chl. carbn-h. carbn-o. Carbn-s. carc. card-m. Carl. cartl-s. casc. cass. cassia-s. castm. castn-v. Caul. Caust. cedr. cench. cent. cere-b. cerv. Cham. chap. CHEL. chelo. Chim. CHIN. chinin-ar. Chinin-fcit. CHININ-S. chion. chir-fl. chlam-tr. chlf. chlol. chloram. chlorpr. choc. chordumb. chr-ac. Cic. cich. cimic. cimx. Cina cinnb. cinnm. cist. cit-l. cit-v. Clem. Cloth. cobn. cob. coc-c. COCA Cocc. coch. cod. Coff. COLCH. colchin. Coli. coll. coloc. colocin. colum-p. com. CON. conin-br. conin. conv. cop. cor-r. cordyc. corian-s. corn-a. corn. cortico. cortiso. cot. crat. croc. Crot-c. Crot-h. Crot-t. cub. culx. cupr-act. Cupr-ar. cuprs. Cupr. cur. Cycl. cyn-d. cypr. cypra-eg. cystein-l. cyt-l. Daph. dendr-pol. der. dicha. DIG. Digin. digox. dios. dip. diph. diphtox. dirc. dor. Dros. dubo-m. Dulc. Echi. elaps elat. ephe-si. equis-h. erig. ery-a. ery-m. eryt-j. esch. eucal. eug. eup-per. eup-pur. euph-a. euph-c. euph-hy. euph-ip. euph. euphr. eupi. fab. fago. fagu. ferr-ar. FERR-I. FERR-M. ferr-ma. Ferr-p. ferr-pic. ferr. fic-m. fic-r. fil. Fl-ac. flor-p. Form. frag. franz. Fum. fuma-ac. gad. gal-ac. galeg. galin. galla-q-r. Gamb. gard-j. gast. GELS. gent-l. gent-q. germ-met. get. gink-b. gins. glon. glyc. Glycyr-g. goss. gran. Granit-m. GRAPH. grat. guaj. guan. guar. guare. haem. haliae-lc. hall Ham. hed. hedeo. hell-o. Hell. helos. helo. helodr-cal. helon. HEP. hera. hip-ac. Hipp. hippoc-k. hir. hist. home. hura Hydrac. Hydr. Hydrc. Hydrog. hydroph. HYOS. hyosin. Hyper. iber. Ign. ind. indg. IOD. Ip. Irid-met. iris jab. jal. jasm. jatr-c. jug-c. jug-r. juni-v. KALI-AR. Kali-bi. Kali-br. KALI-C. kali-chl. kali-cy. KALI-FCY. Kali-i. kali-m. kali-n. kali-ox. KALI-P. kali-perm. kali-s. kali-sil. kali-sula. kali-t. KALM. ketogl-ac. kino kiss. kola kou. kreos. kres. lac-ac. Lac-c. Lac-d. lac-del. lac-h. Lac-leo. LACH. lachn. lact. lam. lap-la. lapa. lat-h. lat-k. lat-m. LAUR. LEC. led. lepi. lept. lev. lil-s. lil-t. lim. limest-b. lina. linu-c. lipp. lith-c. lith-chl. lob-c. lob-p. lob-s. lob. lobin. Lol. loxo-lae. loxo-recl. luf-op. LUNA Lyc. lycps-v. lyss. m-ambo. marct. m-aust. macro. mag-c. mag-f. mag-m. Mag-p. mag-s. magn-gr. maland. malar. manc. mand. mang-o. mang-p. mang. MED. mela. melal-alt. meli. menis. meny. meph. merc-br. MERC-C. MERC-CY. merc-d. merc-i-f. merc-i-r. merc-k-i. merc-meth. merc-ns. merc-sul. MERC. merl. methys. mez. mill. mim-p. mit. moly-met. Mom-b. Moni. morph. mosch. MUR-AC. murx. musca-d. mygal. Myric. nabal. naja napht. narcin. narz. nat-ar. Nat-c. Nat-chl. nat-f. NAT-HCHLS. nat-lac. NAT-M. nat-n. NAT-P. NAT-S. Nat-sal. nat-sil. nat-sula. nauf-helv-li. nep. nept-m. nicc-met. nicc-s. nicc. nicot. nid. nig-s. NIT-AC. nitm-ac. nit-s-d. nitro-o. nuph. Nux-m. Nux-v. oci-sa. oena. okou. ol-an. Ol-j. Olib-sac. OLND. onos. op. opun-v. orch. orig. orni. orot-ac. osm. ost. osteo-a. Ox-ac. oxal-a. oxyg. ozone paeon. pall. palo. pana. par. parathyr. parth. paull. ped. penic. perh. pert. 85

petr-ra. Petr. PH-AC. phal. phel. PHOS. Phys. physal-al. Phyt. PIC-AC. pilo. pimp. pincon. pip-m. pitu-gl. pitu-p. pitu. pix plac-s. plan. Plat. plb-chr. PLB. plect. plumbg. plutn. pneu. podo. polyg-h. polyp-p. polys. Positr. Prim-o. Propr. prun-p. psil. PSOR. ptel. puls-n. Puls. pulx. Pycnop-sa. pyrid. pyrog. pyrus querc-r. rad-br. ran-a. RAN-B. ran-s. Raph. rat. rham-f. rheum rhod. rhodi. rhus-g. RHUS-T. Rhus-v. ribo. ric. Rob. Rosm. rumx-act. Rumx. ruta Sabad. sabal sabin. sacch-a. sacch. sal-fr. salin. samb-c. samb. Sang. sanguis-s. Sanic. santin. sapin. Sarcol-ac. saroth. sarr. Sars. scarl. Scor. scroph-n. scut. SEC. SEL. senec. Seneg. senn. SEP. sieg. SIL. silphu. sin-n. sinus. sium sol-mm. sol-ni. sol-t-ae. sol-t. solid. solin. sphing. spig. spira. spirae. Spong. SQUIL. STANN. STAPH. staphycoc. Stict. still. Stram. stront-c. stroph-h. stry-p. stry. suis-pan. SUL-AC. sul-h. sul-i. sulfa. Sulfon. sulfonam. SULPH. sumb. suprar. symph. syph. syzyg. TAB. tanac. tang. tann-ac. taosc. tarax. tarent-c. TARENT. tart-ac. tax. Tell. TER. tere-ch. teucr. thal-xyz. thal. thea Ther. thiop. thres-a. Thuj. thymol. thyr. til. tox-th. toxo-g. trach. tril-p. tritic-vg. trom. tub-d. tub-r. tub-sp. TUB. tus-p. uncar-tom. upa. uran-met. uran-n. urea ust. uva v-a-b. vac. valer. vanil. ven-m. verat-v. VERAT. verb. verin. vesp. vib. vichy-g. vinc. viol-o. viol-t. vip-a-c. vip-a. vip-d. vip. visc. voes. wies. wildb. wye. xray xan. Zinc-ar. zinc-m. zinc-o. zinc-p. Zinc-pic. zinc-s. Zinc. zing. ziz.

86

Bibliography
A case based guide to clinical endocrinology p- 26, 175, 259, 404 Allen, H. C. - Keynotes and Characteristics with Comparisons of Some of The Leading Remedies Allen, H. C. Materia Medical of some important Nosodes Allen, J. H., The Chronic Miasms, B. Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd., New Anatomy side by side- P- 125 Another important consideration in this group is sarcoid myelopathy (Chap. 322), in which an...Harrison's Online > Chapter 372. Diseases of the Spinal Cord > Acute and Subacute Spinal Cord Diseases > Noncompressive Myelopathies > Inflammatory and Immune Myelopathies (Myelitis) > Systemic Inflammatory Disorders Antibiotics- 2005- P- 8 Atlas of clinical oncology of endocrine tumors- P- 148 Banerjea, Subrata Kumar- Miasmatic Diagnosis, Revised Edition, 2003 Banerjee, D. D. (New Edition)- A Text Book of Homoeopathic Pharmacy- p. 47-50 Banerjee, S. K. - Miasmatic Diagnosis Practical Tips with Clinical Comparisons, B. Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd., New Delhi, Revised Edition 2003. Benerjee, D. - The Glimpses of History of Medicine- p. 1, 4, 10-12, 14-15, 18, 21, 27, 33, 45, 49, 52 Bernoville, Fortier - What We Must Not Do In Homoeopathy Blackwood, A. A manual of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacology Boericke, William - Pocket Manual of Homoeopathic Materia Medica & Repertory, B. Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition 1999 Boerricke, Oscar - Repertory Boger C. M., Boenninghaussen - Boger C. Boenninghaussens Repertory Boger, C. M. A Synoptic Key of the Materia Medica Burt, W. H. Physiological Materia Medica Chaddha, P. V. - Hand book of Experimental Physiology & Biochemistry Chapter 12. Sarcoidosis- CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Pulmonary Medicine Chapter 153. Sarcoidosis- Dermatology

Chapter 322. Sarcoidosis- Harrison's Online

Chapter 53. Sarcoidosis- CURRENT Rheumatology Diagnosis & Treatment Chaterjee, Chandi Charan - Human Physiology, 11th Edition Chaudhury, K. - Practice of Medicine Choudhary, Harimohan - Indications of Miasm, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition 1994 Choudhury, N. M. - A Study on Materia Medica Clarke, G. H., The ABC Manual of Materia Medica & Therapeutics Clarke, J. H. - Clinical Repertory Clarke, J. H. - Homoeopathy Explained, B. Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd. New Delhi, Reprint Edition 1995 Clarke, John Henry - A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (Vol. 1 to 3)- B. Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition 2000 Clarke, John Henry - Non Surgical Treatment of Diseases of the Glands & Bones with a Chapter on Scrofula Clause, Stuart - The Genius Of Homoeopathy Clinical pathology course hand book KEM Turner- P- 15, 26 Clinical physiology Ashish Banerjee- p - 185 Common Laboratory Tests P 29, 63, 67, 203 Cowperthwaite, A. C. - A Textbook of Materia Medica & Therapeutics, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Das, K. Handbook of Surgery, 5th Edition Das, K.- Clinical Methods in surgery Davidsons Principles and Practice of Medicine, Delhi, Reprint Edition, 1988

87

Dewey, W. A. - Essentials of Homoeopathic Therapeutics, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition 1981 Dewhurst Text book of obs and gyne- 7th ed. P- 405, 409 Drug Today 2007 Encyclopaedia Homeopathica, ver. 2.2.2 , 2007/1/12- - Archibel, Belgium Encyclopedia of Endocrine diseases and disorders- p- 144 Encyclopedia of endocrinology- P- 82, 646, 1105, 1215, 1238, 1247, 2173, 2374 Farrington, E. A. - Clinical Materia Medica Farrington, E. A. - Comparative Materia Medica Farrington, E. A. - Therapeutic Pointers Figure e10-78. A. Sarcoid. Infiltrated papules and plaques of variable...- Harrison's Online > Chapter e10. Atlas of Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease > Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease Figure e24-18. SarcoidCXR of stage I (hilar lymphadenopathy without parenchymal...- Harrison's Online > Chapter e24. Atlas of Chest Imaging > Interstitial Processes Figure e24-19. SarcoidCT scan of stage I demonstrating bulky hilar and mediastinal...- Harrison's Online > Chapter e24. Atlas of Chest Imaging > Interstitial Processes Figure e24-20. SarcoidCXR of stage II (lymphadenopathy with parenchymal changes). Note...Harrison's Online > Chapter e24. Atlas of Chest Imaging > Interstitial Processes Figure e24-21. SarcoidCT scan of stage II (calcified lymphadenopathy, parenchymal...- Harrison's Online > Chapter e24. Atlas of Chest Imaging > Interstitial Processes Figure e24-22. SarcoidCT scan of stage II (nodular opacities tracking along...- Harrison's Online > Chapter e24. Atlas of Chest Imaging > Interstitial Processes Figure e24-23. Sarcoidstage III with nodular parenchymal infiltrates (yellow arrows...- Harrison's Online > Chapter e24. Atlas of Chest Imaging > Interstitial Processes Figure e24-24. Sarcoidstage IV (fibrotic lung disease).- Harrison's Online > Chapter e24. Atlas of Chest Imaging > Interstitial Processes Figure e9-27. Sarcoidosis. There is chronic interstitial nephritis with numerous, confluent,...Harrison's Online > Chapter e9. Atlas of Urinary Sediments and Renal Biopsies > Atlas of Renal Biopsies and Urinary Sediments

Granulomatous Processes- CURRENT Rheumatology Diagnosis & Treatment > Chapter 51. Evaluation of Rheumatic Complaints in Patients with HIV > Sicca Syndrome > Differential Diagnosis Guide to common laboratory tests- p- 3, 7, 21, 23, 25, 34 Gunavante, S. M. - The Genius of Homoeopahic Remedies Gupta, A. C. - Organon of Medicine, At A Glance, Part I & II Gupta, S. P., Dr. A. K. Gupta- Medical Emergencies In General Practice Hahnemann, Samuel - Organon of Medicine, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi 6th Edition Reprint Edition 1996 Hahnemann, Samuel, The Chronic Diseases, Their Peculiar Nature & Their homoeopathic Cure, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi 5th Edition Hand book of diagnostic endocrinology- P- 50, 67, 253, 255, 314

88

Harrison Principles of Internal Medicine, 11th Edition Harrison Principles of Internal Medicine, 11th Edition, Vol. II Herbert A. Roberts- The Principles & Art of Cure by Homoeopathy Hering, C., The Guiding Symptoms of our Materia Medica Vol. 1 to 10, Reprint Edition 1993 Hoyne, T. S. - Clinical Therapeutics, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Vol. I & II, Reprint Edition 1993 Hughes, R. and Dake J. P. - A Cyclopedia of Drug Pathogenesy Introduction to analytical Chemistry- I Ebdon-P 4 Julian, O. A. Materia Medica of New Homoeopathic Remedies Kanodia, K. D. - Danger Zones In Homoeopathy Kent, J. T. - Lectures on Materia Medica, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi Kent, J. T. - Repertory Of Homoeopathic Materia Medica Kent, J. T. - Repertory of the Homoeopathic Materia Medica, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition 2001 Kent, James Tyler - Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica

Key Syndrome Sarcoidosis- DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination > Chapter 8. The Chest: Chest Wall, Pulmonary, and Cardiovascular Systems; The Breasts > Chest Wall, Pulmonary, and Cardiovascular Systems > Chest, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Syndromes > Respiratory Syndromes Kumar, Mittal- Basic Physics I & II Laboratory notes guide to laboratory and diagnostic tests- 2005- Hopkins- P 44 Landes Bioscience breast diseases- P- 84 Lesser, O. Text Book of Homoeopathic Materia Medica Lilienthal, S., - Homoeopathic Therapeutics Lippe, Adolph Von. Key Notes and Redline Symptoms of the Materia Medica Lippe, Adolph Von. Text Book of Materia Medica Mohan, Harsh-Text Book of Pathology, Jaypee Bro. Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 5th edition Murphy, Robin - Lotus Materia Medica, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2nd Revised Edition Nash, E. B. - How to Take the Case & To Find the Similimum- p. 2- 14 Nash, E. B. - Leaders in Homoeopathic Therapeutics Nodular Dermatitis: Sarcoidosis- Pathophysiology of Disease > Chapter 8. Diseases of the Skin > Pathophysiology of Selected Skin Diseases Oxford hand book of chemical and laboratory investigations- P- 43,48, 61, 89, 94, 97, 128, 311, 528 Patel, R. P., Chronic Miasms in Homoeopathy & Their Cure Pathology side by side p- 177, 178, 181, 191, 301 Phatak, S. R. - Concise Repertory Phatak, S. R. Materia Medica of Homoeopathic Medicines Pollock, Anshutz Edward - New Old & Forgotten Remedies, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition 1987 Radar 9.2.1b and 10.0.017- Archibel, Belgium Robert, Herbert A. - Sensations As If. Robins Pathological basis of diseases- 7th Ed. P- 661, 662, 667, 795, 803, 834, 1501 Sankaran, P. - The Repetition of Doses Sarcoidosis & Other Granulomatous Disorders- Greenspan's Basic & Clinical Endocrinology > Chapter 9. Metabolic Bone Disease > Hypercalcemia > Disorders Causing Hypercalcemia Sarcoidosis (Boeck Sarcoid, Benign Lymphogranulomatosis)- CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Surgery, 13e > Chapter 18. Thoracic Wall, Pleura, Mediastinum, & Lung > Diseases of the Lungs

Sarcoidosis- Adams and Victor's Neurology > Chapter 32. Infections of the Nervous System (Bacterial, Fungal, Spirochetal, Parasitic) and Sarcoidosis > Subacute and Chronic Forms of Meningitis

89

Sarcoidosis- Adams and Victor's Neurology > Chapter 46. Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves > Asymmetrical and Multifocal Polyneuropathies (Mononeuropathy, or Mononeuritis Multiplex) > Vasculitic Neuropathies Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Diseases- Harrison's Online > Chapter 347. Diseases of the Parathyroid Gland and Other Hyper- and Hypocalcemic Disorders > Hypercalcemia > Vitamin D Related Hypercalcemia

Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders- CURRENT Medical Dx & Tx > Chapter 26. Endocrine Disorders > The Parathyroids > Hyperparathyroidism > Differential Diagnosis Sarcoidosis- Clinical Neurology > Chapter 6. Disorders of Somatic Sensation > Polyneuropathies > Infective & Granulomatous Neuropathies Sarcoidosis- CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Cardiology > Chapter 16. Myocarditis > Specific Forms of Myocarditis Sarcoidosis- CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology > Chapter 17. Benign Diseases of the Salivary Glands > Nonneoplastic Diseases > Chronic Granulomatous Sialadenitis > Differential Diagnosis Sarcoidosis- CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology > Chapter 29. Benign Laryngeal Lesions > Rare Laryngeal Lesions Sarcoidosis- CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology > Chapter Manifestations of Systemic Disease > Granulomatous & Autoimmune Diseases 12. Nasal

Sarcoidosis- CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology > Chapter 26. Neck Masses > Inflammatory Neck Masses > Infectious Inflammatory Disorders > Granulomatous Diseases Sarcoidosis- CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Surgery, 13e > Chapter 27. Spleen > Operative Indications for Splenectomy > Metabolic Disorders

Sarcoidosis- CURRENT Medical Dx & Tx > Chapter 24. Nervous System Disorders > Peripheral Neuropathies > Polyneuropathies & Mononeuritis Multiplex > Neuropathies Associated With Infectious & Inflammatory Diseases

Sarcoidosis- CURRENT Medical Dx & Tx > Chapter 9. Pulmonary Disorders > Interstitial Lung Disease (Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease) Sarcoidosis- Dermatology > Chapter 151. The Skin and Disorders of the Alimentary Tract, the Hepatobiliary System, Kidney, and Cardiopulmonary System > Specific Organ and System Changes > Respiratory System Sarcoidosis- Dermatology > Chapter 227. Aminoquinolines > Indications Sarcoidosis- Dermatology > Chapter 73. Hypomelanoses and Hypermelanoses > Hypomelanosis > Acquired Localized Hypomelanosis

90

Sarcoidosis- Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology > Section 14. The Skin in Immune, Autoimmune, and Rheumatic Disorders Sarcoidosis- Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacology > Chapter 59. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adrenocortical Steroids and Their Synthetic Analogs; Inhibitors of the Synthesis and Actions of Adrenocortical Hormones > Adrenocortical Steroids > Therapeutic Uses > Therapeutic Uses in Nonendocrine Diseases > Miscellaneous Diseases and Conditions Sarcoidosis- Greenspan's Basic & Clinical Endocrinology > Chapter 5. Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland > Pituitary & Hypothalamic Disorders > Hypopituitarism > Etiology > Infiltrative

Sarcoidosis- Harrison's Online > Chapter 244. Pulmonary Hypertension > Other Disorders Directly Affecting Pulmonary Vasculature Sarcoidosis- Hurst's The Heart > Chapter 21. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Heart > Clinical Applications > Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies Sarcoidosis- Hurst's The Heart > Chapter 31. Restrictive, Obliterative, and Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies > Specific Restrictive Cardiomyopathic Diseases > Myocardial Diseases > Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder that characteristically affects the mediastinal ...CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Pulmonary Medicine > Chapter 24. Diseases of the Mediastinum > Pathogenesis > Lymphatic

Sarcoidosis- Schwartz's Principles of Surgery > Chapter 34. Spleen > Indications for Splenectomy > Storage Diseases and Infiltrative Disorders Sarcoidosis- Vaughan & Asbury's General Opthalmology > Chapter 15. Ocular Disorders Associated with Systemic Diseases > Granulomatous Diseases Sarcoidosis- Williams Obstetrics, 23e > Chapter 46. Pulmonary Disorders Sarcoidosis-Vaughan & Asbury's General Opthalmology > Chapter 7. Uveal Tract & Sclera > Uveal Tract > Uveitis > Diffuse Uveitis (Table 76) Schroyens, Frederick - Synthesis 9.2.1b Schwabe, Willmar - Practical Homoeopathy in Every Day Medical Practice

Sinonasal Inflammatory Disease (Wegener Granulomatosis & Sarcoidosis)- CURRENT Medical Dx & Tx > Chapter 8. Ear, Nose, & Throat Disorders > Tumors & Granulomatous Disease Sircar, S. D. - Organon Expositor Speight, Phyllis- A comparison of the Chronic Miasms B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition - 1998 Sukumaran, N. Main Symptoms of Heart Problems Tabers Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary Table 234-1 Common Systemic Disorders and Their Associated Cardiac- Manifestations- Harrison's Online > Chapter 234. Cardiac Manifestations of Systemic Disease > Cardiac Manifestations of Systemic Disease: Introduction

91

Taylor M. L. - Homoeopathy, Introductory Lectures The Concise Oxford Dictionary

The cutaneous lesions in sarcoidosis (Chap. 322) are classically red to red-brown in color,...Harrison's Online > Chapter 54. Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease > Papulonodular Skin Lesions > Red-Brown Lesions The differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis includes foreign-body granulomas produced by chemicals...- Harrison's Online > Chapter 54. Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease > Papulonodular Skin Lesions > Red-Brown Lesions Tierney, Lawrence M., Stephen J. McPhee- Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment Ventricular Tachycardia in Cardiac Sarcoidosis- Hurst's The Heart > Chapter 39. Ventricular Arrhythmias > Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients with Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy Verma, P. N. - Materia Medica in Tabular Form Vithoulkas, G., - Materia Medica Viva Vithoulkas, George - Science of Homoeopathy Vol. I, II, III, IV, V, VI- Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India Vols. I, II & III- Synthetic Repertory Weatherrall, Ledingham, Warrel, Oxford Textbook of Medicine, Oxford Medical Publications, 3rd edition While pulmonary involvement in sarcoidosis is extremely common, laryngeal disease is relatively rar...- Principles of Critical Care > Chapter 34. Upper Airway Obstruction > Causes of Upper Airway Obstruction > Laryngeal Causes > Miscellaneous Causes www.cchindia.org www.emedicine.com www.healthonline.com www.healthorg.com www.hmc.org www.homegci.net www.hommiasm.com www.homoeopathy.com www.hpathy.com www.library.med.utah.edu/kw/human_reprod/lectures/clinical_genetics/index.html www.medsafe.govt.nz www.pmjonline.com www.qis.net www.thenewmedicine.org www.touregypt.net www.whonamedit.com Yingling, W. A. Accouncheurs Emergency Manual

92

Index
0
01-02%.............................................................31 01-05%.......................................................31, 89 05%..................................................................31 244713- India.....................................................3 25- Vithoulkas G. Materia Medica Viva............78 25-50%.............................................................31 25%....27, 28, 31, 48, 59, 70, 72, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92 26- Yasgur J. Homoeopathic Dictionary...........78 28.....................................................................19

1
1- Degroote F., Physical Examination and Observation in Homoeopathy......................73 1- Interaction of antigens-................................33 10- Morrison R. Seminar Burgh Haamstede Sept 1987.............................................................74 10- Om P Sharma.............................................15 10%..................................................................31 11- Morrison R. Seminar Burgh Haamstede Sept 1987.............................................................75 111...................................................................71 115...................................................................73 12- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide..75 1287.................................................................10 13- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide..75 14- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide..75 15- Scholten J. Homoeopathy And The Elements.......................................................75 16- Scholten J. Homoeopathy and The Elements.......................................................76 17- Scholten J. Homoeopathy And The Elements.......................................................76 18- Scholten J. Homoeopathy And The Elements.......................................................76 1877.................................................................10 1889.................................................................10 19- Schroyens F.- Synthesis (Original English Version)- 9th Ed............................................76 1920.................................................................11 1965.................................................................11 1972.................................................................11 1977.................................................................11 1996.................................................................11 1st International Conference on Sarcoidosis....... London, UK............................................11, 16 1st USA conference.............................................. Washington, DC, USA..................................17

3
3 4 3- International Foundation for Homoeopathy.73 3- Lung injury-..................................................34 3.6 Million Years Ago........................................10 36.................................................................8, 23

4
4 5 4- Circulating immune complexes-..................35 4- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide....73

5
5 6 5- Fibrosis-........................................................35 5- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide....73 50-60%.................................................31, 90, 91 501 A.D.............................................................10

6
6- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide....74

7
7- Murphy R. Homoeopathic Remedy Guide....74 75-90%.............................................................31

8
8- Liga Medicorum Homoeopathica Internationalis- 1988....................................74 81.....................................................................52

9
9- Master F. J. Tubercular Miasm Tuberculins. .74 90%..............................17, 27, 31, 48, 76, 89, 90 97.....................................................................64 98.....................................................................64

2
2- Granuloma formation-..................................33 2- Indian Journal of Homoeopathic Medicine1995- vol. 30................................................73 2,353 B.C..........................................................10 20- Van Woensel E., Radar Keynotes Version 4 ......................................................................76 20%..................................................................31 2002...........................................................11, 17 2007.................................................................12 21- Vermeulen F.- Prisma- Materia Medica......76 22- Vermeulen F...............................................77 23- Vermeulen F...............................................78 24- Vithoulkas G. Materia Medica Viva............78

A
A case based guide to clinical endocrinology p- 26, 175, 259, 404.....................................87 A chronic disease of unknown cause marked by the formation of nodules in the lungs and liver and lymph glands and salivary glands.23 A chronic, progressive, systemic granulomatous reticulosis of unknown etiology, involving almost any organ or tissue, including the skin, lungs....................................................24 A Compiled Materia Medica.............................76

93

A condition that causes small, fleshy swellings in the liver, lungs, and spleen......................24 A disease characterized by granulomas (small growths of blood vessels, cells, and connective tissue) that can lead to problems in the skin, lungs, eyes, joints, and muscles. ......................................................................24 A disease of unknown origin that causes small lumps (granulomas) due to chronic inflammation to develop in a great range of body tissues. Sarcoidosis can appear in almost any body organ, but most often starts in the lungs or lymph nodes.........................24 A dry cough that doesn't bring up phlegm......27 A new congress takes office in America and Sarcoidosis Research is cued up to receive government funding in its traditional slot between Mouse Flatulence Research and The Taskforce on Hangnails................................12 a normal chest radiograph...............................30 A rare disease with no known cause that leads to inflammation in tissues throughout the body, including the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, skin, and eyes..............................................24 A rare inflammation of the lymph nodes and other tissues throughout the body. sella turcica - bony structure that houses the pituitary gland. suprarenal glands - another name for the adrenal glands........................24 A rheumatic disease that often involves a sudden onset of arthritis in the feet and ankles...........................................................24 A systemic disease involving the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangial bones, and parotid glands, characterized by granular nodules. Its cause is not known.....24 A. Bittorf............................................................... described lung lesions.................................16 A. Kveim............................................................... introduced Kveim test...........................11, 16 ABDOMEN - ENLARGED - Liver.........................81 ABDOMEN - ENLARGED - Spleen......................81 ABDOMEN - SWELLING - Inguinal region Glands, of.....................................................81 Abnormal chest X-ray, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, interstitial fibrosis, bone cysts.............................................................38 ACE levels.........................................................48 Acute Diseases- any disease or illness which can disturb the health of a person temporarily in a negative way. They are rapid in course, intense in pain and severity, short or moderate in duration and end in recovery or death........................................................21 Address-.............................................................3 African American women develop sarcoidosis twice as often as African American men. Caucasian women and men are equally likely

to develop it. Overall, it is more frequent in females.........................................................26 Age incidence...................................................17 Age IncidenceThe highest prevalence is in 2534 year olds..................................................26 Age incidence-..................................................17 Ail. arg-n. Crot-h. Lach. Ran-b. sars. Sulph......82 Albert Einstein..................................................65 Alk phos and GGT may be high if liver involved ......................................................................51 All......................................................................68 Allen, H. C. - Keynotes and Characteristics with Comparisons of Some of The Leading Remedies......................................................87 Allen, H. C. Materia Medical of some important Nosodes........................................................87 Allen, J. H., The Chronic Miasms, B. Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd., New..............................87 Allergic conditions. Cancerous conditions. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Kidney stones. Sarcoidosis. Tubercular conditions..............75 An inflammatory disease marked by the formation of granulomas (small nodules of immune cells) in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.................................................24 An ophthalmological exam each year is necessary.....................................................63 anan. androc. ANT-T. ARS. atra-r. Aur. borx. both. Cact. carb-v. Cupr. hydr-ac. ix. lat-m. laur. lyss. merc-cy. NAT-M. ox-ac. physala-p. psor. russ. spig. vesp....................................80 Anatomy side by side- P- 125........................87 Ancient.............................................................66 Anemia that results from granulomas affecting bone marrow................................................29 Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Hypersplenism, Leucopenia...................................................44 ant-t. Ars. bell. berb. Calc. carb-an. Carb-v. Caust. clem. Crot-h. ferr-p. graph. hydr. kreos. lach. lyc. merc. nat-m. nit-ac. nux-v. ox-ac. petr. Phos. plat. puls. rhus-t. sabad. sec. Sep. sil. staph. sul-ac. sulph. thuj.........83 Anterior uveitis...........................................43, 62 Antibiotics- 2005- P- 8......................................87 Appearance similar to tuberculosis or sarcoidosis..............................................73, 75 aq-mar. aran-ix. asar. beryl. hip-ac. hist. kres. lepr. lyc. mand. nat-ar. parathyr. pin-s. puls. thiop. tub-m. tub. v-a-b................................80 ars-br. Ars-i. Beryl. lyc. Mang-s. nat-ar. parathyr. pin-s. puls. Tub-m. tub. v-a-b.......................80 ars. asaf. CALC. cocc. Con. cycl. dulc. Ign. lach. merc. Nit-ac. Ph-ac. plb. Sep. sil. staph. sulph. thuj. Tub.......................................................84 ars. bell. bry. cadm-s. calc. cann-s. Dulc. iod. kali-bi. kali-chl. kali-m. kali-n. merc. mez. natc. pot-e. rhus-t. ribo. sep. Sil. Sulph.............82 Arsenicum bromatum.......................................78 Arsenicum iodatum..........................................78

94

Arthritis, Bone cysts.........................................42 Artificial- iatrogenic diseases. i.e. diseases due to excessive use of drugs.............................22 Asaf. Aur. Calc. FL-AC. mang. MERC. Mez. PHAC. Rhus-t. SIL..............................................82 Aspiration of foreign materials.........................59 Asymptomatic granulomatous muscle involvement, palpable muscle nodules, polymyositis, chronic myopathy, isolated sarcoid myopathy.........................................46 Atlas of clinical oncology of endocrine tumorsP- 148...........................................................87 atoms................................................................64 Author-................................................................3 autocracy..........................................................65

B
B 2, 35, 43, 45, 46, 78, 86 B-cell function increases. It is manifested by hyperglobulinemia, increased antibodies to Epstein Barr, herpes simplex and other viruses and the presence of circulating immune complexes......................................35 B.Sc., B.H.M.S., M.D. (Organon & Homoeopathic Philosophy),....................................................2 Bacteria............................................................32 BAL/Gallium scanning......................................51 Banerjea, Subrata Kumar- Miasmatic Diagnosis, Revised Edition, 2003...................................87 Banerjee, D. D. (New Edition)- A Text Book of Homoeopathic Pharmacy- p. 47-50..............87 Banerjee, S. K. - Miasmatic Diagnosis Practical Tips with Clinical Comparisons, B. Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd., New Delhi, Revised Edition 2003.................................................87 Benerjee, D. - The Glimpses of History of Medicine- p. 1, 4, 10-12, 14-15, 18, 21, 27, 33, 45, 49, 52...............................................87 Bernoville, Fortier - What We Must Not Do In Homoeopathy...............................................87 beryl.....................................................80, 83, 85 beryl. nat-ar......................................................80 Beryllium is known to cause a disease picture that is almost identical to sarcoidosis (also called Besnier-Boeck disease). Julian (1979, 1981) has described a proving of Beryllium. ......................................................................75 Beryllium metallicum...............73, 74, 75, 76, 78 Bibliography.................................................8, 87 Bilateral hilar adenopathy- Asymptomatic patients with bilateral hilar adenopathy and no pulmonary infiltrates...............................49 Biopsy...............................................................52 Blackwood, A. A manual of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacology..................87 Blindness (in rare cases)..................................28 Blood, Urinary Tract, and Kidney Symptoms...29 Blurred vision...................................................28

Boericke, William - Pocket Manual of Homoeopathic Materia Medica & Repertory, B. Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition 1999.................................................87 Boerricke, Oscar - Repertory............................87 Boger C. M., Boenninghaussen - Boger C. Boenninghaussens Repertory.....................87 Boger, C. M. A Synoptic Key of the Materia Medica..........................................................87 Bone involvement is constant but the kidney, retroperitoneal space, skin, brain and lungs are also affected...........................................61 Bone marrow..............................................31, 55 Bone Marrow....................................................60 Bone Symptoms...............................................29 Brain, cerebellum, granulomatous angiitis......57 Brain, granulomatous angiitis..........................57 Breast involvement by sarcoidosis is rare. It may be found clinically as a palpable mass or an incidental finding (i.e. single or multiple nodular densities on screening mammography.............................................41 Bronchoscopy...................................................48 Brucellosis........................................................59 Burning, itching, tearing, pain.........................28 Burt, W. H. Physiological Materia Medica......87 By.....................................................2, 66, 67, 72

C
C. Boeck................................................................ described a policeman with skin lesions.....16 Caesar Peter Moller Boeck.............13, 35, 50, 73 Caesar Peter Moller Boeck (18451917) described skin lesions of a patient with lymphadenopathy as lymphoma cutis multiplex/multiple benign sarcoid of the skin. ......................................................................13 CALC. Cist. Hep. Lith-c. MERC. Nit-ac. SIL. Sulph. Tub. v-a-b.....................................................81 Calc. Clem. graph. Merc-c. Nit-ac. sil. spig. staph. Sulph. Ter..........................................80 Calcarea carbonica...........................................76 Calcium - ionized..............................................49 Calcium - serum...............................................49 Calcium - urine.................................................48 Cancer- Sarcoidosis and PneumoconiosisBerrylium......................................................73 Carbon Sereis....................................................... Lithium to Neon.....................................75, 76 Cardiac arrhythmias.........................................62 Cardiac MR imaging- location (subendocardial, transmural, subepicardial, or mesocardial) & pattern (patchy or diffuse) of abnormal delayed myocardial enhancement allow differentiation between ischemic (infarctrelated) and nonischemic cardiomyopathies ......................................................................38 Cardiological Manifestations............................38 Carol Johnson Johns....................................15, 74

95

Carol Johnson Johns (19232000)....................15 Carol Johnson Johns (19232000) was the first woman to organize an International Conference on Sarcoidosis, held at the Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore in 1984. ......................................................................15 Case 1...............................................................74 Case by Rienk Stuut.........................................76 Case Conference Procedings- 1991.................73 Caste incidence................................................17 Caste incidence-...............................................17 Cat scratch disease..........................................59 CBC...................................................................48 Chaddha, P. V. - Hand book of Experimental Physiology & Biochemistry...........................87 Characteristic features of sarcoidosis..............27 Characterstics and Peculiarities.......................76 Chaterjee, Chandi Charan - Human Physiology, 11th Edition..................................................87 Chaudhury, K. - Practice of Medicine...............87 Chem-7 or chem-20.........................................48 Chest........................................39, 48, 76, 88, 89 CHEST - SARCOIDOSIS pulmonalis.............76, 80 CHEST - SARCOIDOSIS, pulmonary..................80 CHEST - SWELLING...........................................81 Chest PA - bilateral hilar adenopathy with ......39 Chest x-ray to see if the lungs are involved or lymph nodes are enlarged...........................48 Choudhary, Harimohan - Indications of Miasm, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition 1994.................................................87 Choudhury, N. M. - A Study on Materia Medica ......................................................................87 Chronic diseases..............................................22 Chronic Diseases-.............................................65 Chronic diseases- the diseases appearing incidiously, running indefinitely and leaving life long conseqences or terminating in death, often based on activities of one or more miams, the fundamental causes of all the chronic diseases.....................................22 CIP (cellular interstitial pneumonitis)- all variants e.g. UIP (usual interstitial pneumonitis) and LIP (lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis) and DIP (desquamative interstitial pneumonitis)...............................59 Circulating immune complexes........................35 Clarke, G. H., The ABC Manual of Materia Medica & Therapeutics.................................87 Clarke, J. H. - Clinical Repertory.......................87 Clarke, J. H. - Homoeopathy Explained, B. Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd. New Delhi, Reprint Edition 1995.............................................................87 Clarke, John Henry - A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica (Vol. 1 to 3)- B. Jain Publishers (P.) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition 2000.................................................87

Clarke, John Henry - Non Surgical Treatment of Diseases of the Glands & Bones with a Chapter on Scrofula......................................87 Clause, Stuart - The Genius Of Homoeopathy. 87 Clinical...8, 30, 36, 49, 73, 74, 75, 87, 89, 90, 91 Clinical and/or radiological patterns................49 Clinical and/or radiological patterns of sarcoidosis-...................................................49 Clinical Diagnosis.......................................73, 74 Clinical Observations........................................73 Clinical pathology course hand book KEM Turner- P- 15, 26..........................................87 Clinical physiology Ashish Banerjee- p - 185 87 Clinical Prsentations of Sarcoidosis-................36 Clinical Staging of Sarcoidosis.........................30 CO2 retention is uncommon, but airway obstruction is common in endobronchial disease and late states with pulmonary fibrosis or Bullae. Serial PFTs are important for guiding treatment...................................50 Colchicum autumnale......................................77 Coma (rare)................................................29, 30 Commemorative publication dedicated to D.G. James................................................................ Sarcoidosis..................................................17 Commemorative publication dedicated to L. Siltzbach........................................................... Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York.17 Common Complications of Sarcoidosis............62 Common Laboratory Tests P 29, 63, 67, 203 87 Common Symptoms of Sarcoidosis..................27 Complaints.................................................76, 88 Compound Diseases- diseases having combination of the more than one miasms. 23 Concept of Vital Force......................................64 Concepts and Principles...................................64 Conclusion..................................................73, 74 Confusion..........................................................29 Conjunctivitis, Iritis, choroiditis, keratoconjunctivitis, glaucoma, cataract, enlarged lachrymal glands, dry eye.............42 consciousness..................................................65 Constitution......................................................71 Contents.............................................................8 Coughing..........................................................28 courses.washington.edu/hubio567/lang/term2.h tml................................................................24 Cowperthwaite, A. C. - A Textbook of Materia Medica & Therapeutics, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New......................................................87 Cranial or peripheral nerve palsies..................62 Criteria of Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis..................48 CT Head- 1.5 cm enhancing suprasellar cistern mass llifting the optic chiasm slightly in the cephalad direction........................................44 CT scan.......................................................48, 88 Cure incidence..................................................18 Cure incidence based on Menstrual states-.....18 Cure incidence based on Miasms-...................18

96

Cure incidence based on Socioeconomic Status......................................................................18

D
D. Geraint James, Founder President WASOG. 15 D.G. James elected the first president.............17 DarierRoussy syndrome..................................... subcutaneous nodules described................16 Das, K. Handbook of Surgery, 5th Edition.....87 Das, K.- Clinical Methods in surgery................87 Dedicated...........................................................4 defense mechanism.........................................64 Definition of Sarcoidosis-.................................23 Denmark- One review reported that the approximate incidence of clinically recognized sarcoidosis in Danish children younger than 15 years was 0.22-0.27 per 100,000 children per year, corresponding to approximately 3 new cases each year.........25 Depression of delayed hypersensitivity is characteristic................................................51 Dermatological Manifestations........................37 Dewey, W. A. - Essentials of Homoeopathic Therapeutics, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition 1981..........................88 Dewhurst Text book of obs and gyne- 7th ed. P405, 409.......................................................88 Diagnosis..48, 52, 59, 73, 74, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92 Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis...................................48 Diagnostic Tests for Sarcoidosis......................50 Dictionary.............................................23, 78, 91 Differential diagnosis.......................................60 Differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis-...............60 Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis..............62 Diffuse trabecular change, leading to a lattice work or lacy network configuration and multiple lucent lesions of varying sizes are found in the fingers. (The lytic change produces the cystic-like appearance)..........42 Diphtheria etc...................................................22 Discharges........................................................70 Discharges-.......................................................70 Diseases with full developed symptoms- these are full fledged chronic diseases.................22 Disfiguring skin sores that may affect the nose, nasal passages, cheeks, ears, eyelids, and fingers. This is called lupus pernio. The sores tend to be ongoing and can return after treatment is over..........................................28 Doctors around the world celebrate 100 Years of Knowing Nothing about Sarcoidosis.........11 Dr. Allen offered his opinion as to the use of the totality without an understanding of the chronic miasms and their layers in his classic, The Chronic Miasms XE Miasms.................71 Dr. Christian Friedrich Samuel Gottfried Hahnemann..................................................19 Dr. Kent............................................................65

Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma..................2, 3, 5, 6 Dr. William Cullen, Pharmaceutical Bottle of Quinine used by Hahnemann and Front Page of Cullens Materia Medica...........................20 DR5j Japanese patients have poor prognosis. .26 Drooping of one side of face that results from sarcoidosis affecting a facial nerve..............29 Drug reactions..................................................59 Drug Today 2007..............................................88 Drugs................................................................60 Dryness............................................................28 dukehealthsystem.adam.com/content.aspx....25 Dust, chemicals, fumes and other substances that can harm the lungs should be avoided. ......................................................................63 Dusts................................................................32 dynamic............................................................64 Dynamic...........................................................21 Dynamic diseases- the diseases due to functional derangement of normal hormony of health, often reversible............................21 Dyspnea, cardiac failure, sudden death, heart block, arrhythmias (restrictive type), conduction abnormalities, abnormal ECG, cough, wheezing, cor pulmonale, valvular involvement, ventricular aneurysm, pericardial involvement...............................38

E
E. Besnier............................................................. coined term lupus pernio............................16 Each of the chronic miasms have their own characteristic signs that are an integral part of the totality of the symptoms. For example......................................................................69 EKG to see if the heart is involved...................48 electromagnetic field.......................................64 electrons...........................................................64 EN + BHL = Lofgrens syndrome, foreshadows a good prognosis.............................................37 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoidosis....................24 Encyclopaedia Homeopathica, ver. 2.2.2 , 2007/1/12- - Archibel, Belgium....................88 Encyclopedia of Endocrine diseases and disorders- p- 144..........................................88 Encyclopedia of endocrinology- P- 82, 646, 1105, 1215, 1238, 1247, 2173, 2374..........88 Endemic- diseases prevalent in a particular locality due to some local circuminstances. 22 Endocrinological Manifestations......................44 ENERGY............................................................65 Enlarged and induration of glands. Sarcoidosis. ......................................................................73 Enlarged and sometimes tender lymph nodes most often those in neck and chest but sometimes those under chin, in arm pits, or groin.............................................................28 Enlarged liver...................................................29

97

Enlarged spleen, which leads to a decrease in platelets in blood and pain in upper left abdomen......................................................27 Epidemic- attacking a large numbr of persons of a vast area at a time with similar set of symptoms.....................................................22 ErdheimChester Disease................................61 Ernst Henri Besnier........................13, 34, 47, 73 Erythema nodosum and onycholysis...............37 Europe- the prevalence ranges from 3-50 cases per 100,000 population, with the disease most frequently affecting persons aged 20-40 years.............................................................25 Event................................................................16 Evidence of at least two separate organs involved with the disease.............................48 Examinations and Tests for Sarcoidosis..........48 Excessive dryness in mouth and throat...........29 Exclusion of an alternative cause....................52 Exercise and active routine as the patient can must be continued but without strain..........63 Extensive lung fibrosis.....................................36 Extent of affection of the organs.....................63 EXTERNAL THROAT - SWELLING - Cervical Glands....................................................80, 81 EXTERNAL THROAT - SWELLING - Cervical Glands - suppurative....................................81 External- affection of an external kind localized in one part only, viz. venous stasis, varicose veins etc.......................................................22 EXTREMITIES - INFLAMMATION - Bones...........82 EXTREMITIES - INFLAMMATION - Fingers - Bones ......................................................................82 EYE - INFLAMMATION - Iris...............................80 EYE - INFLAMMATION - Iris - adhesions, with...80 Eye Symptoms.................................................28

flow...................................................................66 For diagnosis of sarcoidosis the following criteria should be fulfilled-...........................48 Frequency of organ involvement.....................31 Fundamental Miasm.........................................72 Fungal................................................................... histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, aspergillosis..............................................59 Fungal infections..............................................59 Fungi.................................................................32

G
G. Rizzato............................................................. starts journal Sarcoidosis (now called Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis and Diffuse Lung Diseases)............................................15, 17 Galactorrhoea....................................6, 9, 72, 73 Gastrointestinal Manifestations.......................47 General Manifestations....................................36 Generalities................................................73, 78 GENERALITIES - BESNIER-BOECK, morbus, Sarcoidosis...................................................80 GENERALS - ABSCESSES - Glands....................83 GENERALS - EMACIATION.................................83 GENERALS - INFLAMMATION - Bones; of..........84 GENERALS - SWELLING - Glands; of.................84 GENERALS - SWELLING - Glands; of - painless.84 GENERALS - WEAKNESS...................................84 Genetic Factorial Incidence..............................26 Geographical Incidence....................................25 Giant cell myocarditis......................................60 Gland Symptoms..............................................29 GLUS (granulomatous lesions of unknown significance).................................................59 GLUS (Granulomatous lesions of unknown significance).................................................60 Granulocytic histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchis disease)................59 Granulomas involving visceral pleura..............54 Granulomatous Lesions of Unknown Significance..................................................62 Granulomatous lesions of unknown significance (GLUS syndrome) is described clinically as prolonged fever with epithelioid granulomas in liver, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. It has a benign course and a tendency for recurrence...............................................62 Great scientist Albert Einstein XE Albert Einstein.........................................................65 Greek.................................10, 11, 19, 25, 66, 67 Gross Cure incidence-......................................18 Guide to common laboratory tests- p- 3, 7, 21, 23, 25, 34.....................................................88 Gunavante, S. M. - The Genius of Homoeopahic Remedies......................................................88 Gupta, A. C. - Organon of Medicine, At A Glance, Part I & II.......................................................88

F
FACE - DISCOLORATION - bluish......................80 FACE - DISCOLORATION - cyanotic..................80 Familial clustering............................................26 Farrington, E. A. - Clinical Materia Medica.......88 Farrington, E. A. - Comparative Materia Medica ......................................................................88 Farrington, E. A. - Therapeutic Pointers...........88 Fatigue.................................................27, 29, 72 Female breast..................................................56 Females with normal menses were 50% cured those with scanty menses were 100% cured, those with amenorrhoea were 100% relieved and postmenopausal ones were 100% relieved.........................................................18 Ferrum Sereis....................................................... Kali ti Krypton..............................................76 FEVER - FEVER, heat in general.......................82 Fever, anorexia, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, parotid enlargement, acute arthritis, nasal stuffiness, hoarseness etc............................36 Floaters.............................................................28

98

Gupta, S. P., Dr. A. K. Gupta- Medical Emergencies In General Practice.................88

H
H. Reynolds, G. Hunninghake, R Crystal.............. bronchoalveolar lavage...............................17 H. Schumacher/Christian Heerfordt/F. Bering...... recognized uveitis.......................................16 Haematological Manifestations........................44 Hahnemann divided sickness into-..................21 Hahnemann noticed that each of the chronic diseases has three phases-..........................68 Hahnemann Says-............................................65 Hahnemann, Samuel - Organon of Medicine, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi 6th Edition Reprint Edition 1996....................................88 Hahnemann, Samuel, The Chronic Diseases, Their Peculiar Nature & Their homoeopathic Cure, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi 5th Edition....................................................88 Hand book of diagnostic endocrinology- P- 50, 67, 253, 255, 314.........................................88 Headaches........................................................29 Headaches........................................................29 Health...............................................................19 Heart............................28, 31, 54, 55, 74, 91, 92 Heart Symptoms..............................................28 Heart- Granulomatous (giant cell) myocarditis, medium magnification.................................54 Hepatological Manifestations...........................46 Herbert A. Roberts- The Principles & Art of Cure by Homoeopathy..........................................89 Hering, C., The Guiding Symptoms of our Materia Medica Vol. 1 to 10, Reprint Edition 1993.............................................................89 Hippocrates....................................20, 66, 67, 68 Histological evidence of granulomatous inflammation................................................48 Historical.............................................................9 History of Sarcoidosis.......................................10 HLA -A1, -B8, and -DR3....................................26 HLA B22 in Italians...........................................26 HLA DR-17 good prognosis in Scandinavians; protracted course with DR 15 and 16..........26 hMD (U.K.), D.I. Hom. (London), D.Lit. (U.K.) etc...............................................................2 Holistic approach..............................................64 Holistic approach and Theory of Individualisation...........................................64 Homoeo Cure & Research Centre P. Ltd........2, 3 Homoeopathic....2, 5, 18, 64, 65, 73, 74, 75, 78, 87, 88, 89, 92 Homoeopathic Approach to the Problem of Cancer..........................................................73 Homoeopathy.....2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 17, 19, 20, 64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 87, 89, 91, 92 Homoeopathy- A Breif Study............................64 Honeycomb appearance on chest x-ray..........27

Hoyne, T. S. - Clinical Therapeutics, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Vol. I & II, Reprint Edition 1993....................................89 Hughes, R. and Dake J. P. - A Cyclopedia of Drug Pathogenesy........................................89 Hypercalcemia +/- hypercalciuria due to calcitriol from...............................................51 Hypercalciuria..................................................46 Hypergammaglobulinema is common in blacks ......................................................................51 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis...........................59

I
I salute to the devotion of my friends and colleagues who, at times, counseled me in this tenure......................................................5 Idiosyncracy.....................................................71 If sarcoidosis becomes inactive and/or the patient has no symptoms, he should have a checkup at least once a year.......................63 If sarcoidosis is active, the patient must have frequent medical checkups so the illness can be monitored and adjustment of treatment can be done if needed..................................63 Ill defined sclerosis of distal femur extending to the epiphysis of the medial femoral condyle (arrows) and sparing the lateral condyle (arrowhead)..................................................61 Immunizing- occur only once in the life time of an individual, profylacting against second attack. viz. Small pox, Chicken pox, Measles, Whooping Cough, Scarlet Fever, Mumps etc.. ......................................................................22 Immunoelectrophoresis - serum......................48 imponderable...................................................64 In a clinical study Efficacy of Homoeopathy in Sarcoidosis with Miasmatic Concepts..........17 In another study, researchers found that sarcoidosis in S. Africa occurs in 23 out of every 100,000 black persons, 12 of every 100,000 mixed race persons, and 4 of every 100,000 Caucasians.....................................26 In chronic sarcoidosis 15-20% patients have main lesions including erythema nodosum (EN) with fever and arthralgias, maculopapular rash, scars, keloids, plaques, papules and subcutaneous nodules.............37 In his Organon of Medicine, Samuel Hahnemann separated the origin of disease into two categories, the exciting and fundamental causes, and related them very closely to the susceptibility of the physical constitution....66 In last, I thank to my family who suffered silently to support me and sacrificed their rights for the sake of accomplishment of this chore...............................................................5 In the neck, the posterior triangle nodes are affected more commonly than the nodes in the anterior triangle.....................................46

99

In the United States, various studies have shown that sarcoidosis occurs in 1080 of every 100,000 African Americans, compared to less than 8 of every 100,000 Caucasians. ......................................................................26 Inappropriately named chronic diseases- false chronic diseses, persisting due to some maintaing cause. viz. occupational diseases; bad habits, dust exposure etc......................22 Incidence....................................................25, 26 Incidence and Prevalence................................25 Inclusions composed of calcium carbonate or calcium oxalate are often found in sarcoid multinucleate giant cells. The size of these inclusions is even larger than those capable of being inhaled, and they do support the diagnosis of sarcoidosis...............................48 Increased calcium in blood or urine, which can lead to painful kidney stones.......................29 Increased urination..........................................29 Indisposition...............................................21, 72 Indisposition- slight alteration in the state of health manifested by one or more trivial symptoms. Slight alteration in diet or/and regimen will dispel it....................................21 individual...............................6, 9, 20, 64, 66, 71 Individual..................................................6, 9, 21 Individual- occurring only in one individual at a time with different group of symptoms.......22 Infectious....................................................32, 90 Inflammation of glands, bones and serous membranes. Hodgkin's disease. Sarcoidosis. Mucus secretions increased, copious catarrhal discharges, thick and yellow resembling yellow honey, or yellow-green.. 78 Inflammatory phases in lung Sarcoidosis. Magnified view shows how illness may affect the normal lung, going from alveolitis, to granuloma formation, to fibrosis..................35 Internal- affection of an internal kind, viz. chronic headache or diarrhea......................22 Introduction to analytical Chemistry- I Ebdon-P 4....................................................................89 invisible......................................................64, 68 Involvement of vital organs (e.g., lungs, eyes, heart, or brain).............................................63 Irregular heartbeat, including palpitations and skipped beats...............................................28 It lacks diagnostic specificity and poor prognostic value in identifying patients with progressive disease. Tissue ACE activity is highest in sarcoid lymph nodes rather than in pulmonary tissues........................................51 It may lead to renal failure. The major pathological findings are- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous glomerulonephritis, mesangial proliferative, glomerulonephritis, immunoglobulin A

nephropathy, crescentic glomerulonephritis. ......................................................................39 It was maximum seen in the females without menses especially those with amenorrhoea or postmenopausal ones. In females with menses, it was mainly in normally menstruating ladies than those with scanty menses.........................................................18 It was more in married patients (82%) than singles (18%)................................................17 Itching...............................................................29

J
J. Hutchinson......................................................... first account of skin lesions.........................16 Joint and Muscle Symptoms.............................28 Joint pain..........................................................28 Joint stiffness or swellingusually in ankles, feet, and hands.....................................................28 Jonathan Hutchinson......................10, 12, 33, 73 Jorgen Schaumann...................14, 35, 43, 46, 73 Jorgen Schaumann (1879 1953) was the first to report systemic sarcoidosis, calling it lymphogranulomatosis benigna...................14 Jorgen Schaumann (18791953)......................14 Julian, O. A. Materia Medica of New Homoeopathic Remedies.............................89

K
Kanodia, K. D. - Danger Zones In Homoeopathy ......................................................................89 Kashipur (Uttaranchal).......................................3 Keitzo Nobechi...........................................15, 74 Keitzo Nobechi (18901978)............................15 Keitzo Nobechi (18901978) was the first to report the uneven geographic distribution of Japanese cases of sarcoidosis......................15 Kent, J. T. - Lectures on Materia Medica, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi......................89 Kent, J. T. - Repertory Of Homoeopathic Materia Medica..........................................................89 Kent, J. T. - Repertory of the Homoeopathic Materia Medica, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition 2001..................89 Kent, James Tyler - Lectures on Homoeopathic Materia Medica.............................................89 Kidney biopsy...................................................48 Kidney stones...................................................62 King Henrik the Expectorate is thought to be the first monarch in history to show signs of Sarcoidosis, as coughing aloud, all day long, become very fashionable among the nobility of his court...................................................10 Kumar, Mittal- Basic Physics I & II....................89 Kveim-Stiltzbach test.......................................50

L
Lab Studies for Sarcoidosis..............................51

100

Laboratory notes guide to laboratory and diagnostic tests- 2005- Hopkins- P 44.......89 Landes Bioscience breast diseases- P- 84.......89 Latent stage.....................................................68 Law of Cure......................................................64 Law of Minimum Dose......................................64 Law of Similars.................................................64 Leading Symptoms...........................................78 Leprominium..............................................73, 74 Lesser, O. Text Book of Homoeopathic Materia Medica..........................................................89 Leukopenia frequent........................................51 Lilienthal, S., - Homoeopathic Therapeutics....89 Limbs................................................................75 Linitis plastica syndrome..................................47 Lippe, Adolph Von. Key Notes and Redline Symptoms of the Materia Medica................89 Lippe, Adolph Von. Text Book of Materia Medica..........................................................89 Literature..........................................................73 Literature XE Literature..................................73 Liver.............................29, 31, 48, 49, 55, 56, 60 Liver - Granulomas and fibrosis involving portal triad..............................................................55 Liver Parenchymal granuloma.......................56 Liver biopsy......................................................48 Liver function tests...........................................49 Liver Symptoms...............................................29 Locomotor........................................................74 Louis Eliot Siltzbach.............................14, 74, 87 Louis Eliot Siltzbach (19061980)....................14 Louis Eliot Siltzbach (19061980) established the specific diagnostic value of the Kveim test in 1954, which is now, appropriately called the Kveim Siltzbach test....................14 Lung affection....................................................... sarcoidosis, cancer......................................76 Lung gallium (Ga.) scan...................................48 Lung Symptoms...............................................27 Lungs..............................................59, 73, 75, 89 Lupus pernio (violaceous, chronic and disfiguring lesions of the ears, nose and cheeks), onycholysis, keloid formation in atrophic scars, nasal and conjunctival mucosal granulomas are other manifestations..............................................37 Lymph Node...............................................28, 59 Lymph node biopsy..........................................48 Lymph Node Symptoms...................................28 lymphadenopathy and lung parenchymal disease.........................................................30 lymphadenopathy only.....................................30 Lymphatic System Manifestations...................46 Lytic lesions of vertebral bodies with associated sclerosis are usually found. There is a predilection for involvement of the thoracic vertebrae. More commonly, there is little or no disc-space involvement...........................45

M 101

M. Tenneson......................................................... defined histology.........................................16 Macrophages....................................................51 Main Goals of treatment...................................62 Mammary gland Manifestations.......................41 Management of sarcoidosis.............................63 Manganum sulphuricum...................................76 Many people with sarcoidosis can lead normal lives, and are able to carry on with their usual social, intellectual, artistic and athletic activities. There are several important steps a person with active or inactive sarcoidosis can take to keep healthy-............................63 Marital status incidence...................................17 Marital status incidence-..................................17 MASS................................................................65 Materia Medica.....................................20, 73, 77 Maximum cases were recorded from moderate built persons.................................................17 May have associated dull, ache in chest, malaise & fever............................................27 Mediastinal lymph node...................................58 Mediastinoscopy with biopsy...........................48 Menstrual incidence.........................................18 Menstrual incidence-........................................18 Menstrual states...............................................18 mental....................................................9, 20, 64 Metals...............................................................32 Miasm.............................................66, 72, 74, 87 Miasm-..............................................................66 Miasma as a foul gaseous exhalation..............67 Miasmatic....................2, 3, 9, 17, 18, 22, 72, 87 Miasmatic incidence.........................................18 Miasmatic incidence-........................................18 Miasmatic XE Miasmatic.................................72 Miasms................6, 9, 18, 68, 69, 71, 87, 89, 91 Middle East, China, SE Asia, or among the Inuit or Native North Americans- Sarcoidosis is rarely reported.............................................25 Mode of prescription........................................18 Mode of prescription-.......................................18 Mohan, Harsh-Text Book of Pathology, Jaypee Bro. Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 5th edition. 89 molecules.........................................................64 More progressive & leads to dyspneacor pulmonaledeath........................................27 Most common lymph nodes involved are cervical, epitrochlear, axillary, and inguinal nodes. Glands are discrete, movable and non-tender which do not ulcerate and form draining sinuses...........................................46 Murphy, Robin - Lotus Materia Medica, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2nd Revised Edition..........................................................89 Muscle pain, a mass in a muscle, or muscle weakness......................................................29 My hospital personnels and acquaintances also deserve to be thanked in helping me in this regard.............................................................5

Myalgias...........................................................29 Mycobacteria....................................................32 Myocardial infarction-like picture with myocardial involvement 5-10%. The risk of cardiac dysfunction or sudden death in these patients is low (those with + thallium-201 imaging), endomyocardial biopsy confirms the diagnosis, needs to exclude CAD...........38 Myological Manifestations................................46

N
Nasal obstruction or frequent bouts of sinusitis. ......................................................................27 Nash, E. B. - How to Take the Case & To Find the Similimum- p. 2- 14................................89 Nash, E. B. - Leaders in Homoeopathic Therapeutics.................................................89 National Systems of Medicine..........................19 Natrium arsenicosum.......................................76 Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis...........61, 62 Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis................61 Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis (NSG) has an uncertain relationship to sarcoidosis. The NSG lesion represents a sarcoid granuloma with necrosis and vasculitis. Some authors consider it a variant of sarcoidosis..............61 Negative association- HLA B12 and -DR4........26 Nephrological Manifestations...........................39 Nerve biopsy....................................................48 Nervous System Symptoms.............................29 Neurological Manifestations.............................43 neutrons...........................................................64 New York- 39 out of every 100,000 are affected. ......................................................................25 NH 74 - Moradabad Road, Kashipur - 244713....2 NH 74, Moradabad Road,...................................3 NHL (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)......................59 No evidence of extrapulmonary disease (chronic berylliosis, other possible granulomatous lung disease).......................60 No thoracic lymphadenopathy on radiographic studies (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, other granulomatous lung disease).......................60 Noninfectious...................................................32 Norwegian dermatologist Dr. Cesar Boeck names the process multiple benign sarcoid of the skin.....................................................10 NSG (necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis).......59 Nux vomica.......................................................74

Organ failure, leading to the need for a transplant.....................................................62 organism........................................65, 66, 67, 69 Origin..........................................................10, 20 Origin of Homoeopathy....................................20 Origin XE ..........................................................10 Orthopaedic Manifestations.............................45 Other Definitions of Sarcoidosis-......................23 Other organs....................................................60 Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations............37 Oxford hand book of chemical and laboratory investigations- P- 43,48, 61, 89, 94, 97, 128, 311, 528.......................................................89

P
P Sarcoidosis [Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease]........................................................78 Page No. 151 of Cullens Materia Medica showing Cinchona Pharmacology................21 Pain in the middle of chest that gets worse deep breath or cough (rare).........................27 Pain in the upper right part of abdomen, under the right ribs.................................................29 Painful arthritis in ankles that results from erythema nodosum, which may need treatment but usually clears up in several weeks...........................................................29 Painless arthritis that can last for months or even years....................................................29 Painless holes in bones....................................29 Painless swelling, most often in fingers...........29 Pains.................................................................70 Pains-................................................................70 Panda sign - lachrymal and parotid uptake on a total body 67 GA scan, combined with Lambda pattern (right azygos and bilateral hilar thoracic uptake)...................................49 Panda sign- It has been classically described as indicating Sarcoidosis...................................49 Pandemic- attacking a large area of the world with similar symptoms. viz. influenza..........22 Paralysis of arms or legs that results from sarcoidosis affecting spinal cord..................29 parenchymal lung disease only.......................30 Parotid enlargement, hoarseness, nasal stuffiness......................................................37 Patel, R. P., Chronic Miasms in Homoeopathy & Their Cure.....................................................89 Pathological Differential Diagnosis-.................59 Pathological incidence......................................18 Pathological incidence-....................................18 Pathology side by side p- 177, 178, 181, 191, 301...............................................................89 Pathophysiology.........................................32, 89 PBC (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis).........................60 PCP (Pneumocystis Pneumonia ), mycoplasma ......................................................................59 Perilymphatic distribution of granulomas........52 Peritoneum, granulomatous angiitis................58

O
Occupational incidence....................................18 Occupational incidence-...................................18 Often symptomless..........................................27 Om P Sharma...................................................16 One sided diseases- having very few perceptive symptoms.....................................................22 Open lung biopsy.............................................48 Ophthalmological Manifestations.....................42

102

Phases of Miasms XE Miasms.........................68 Phatak, S. R. - Concise Repertory....................89 Phatak, S. R. Materia Medica of Homoeopathic Medicines......................................................89 Physical built incidence....................................17 Physical built incidence-...................................17 Physical constitution........................................69 Physical constitution-.......................................69 physical level....................................................20 Picture of Beryllium Metallicum.......................76 Pituitary Gland Symptoms (Rare)....................29 Pneumoconioses................................................... beryllium, titanium, aluminum....................59 Pollock, Anshutz Edward - New Old & Forgotten Remedies, B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition 1987..........................89 Portal hypertension, abnormal liver function tests. Hepatic granulomas in biopsy in 5080% of patients with normal liver function. Hepatomegaly in < 10%. Severe liver disease and jaundice are rare manifestations. Myopathy is also seen..................................46 Positron............................................................64 potentized........................................................65 Prevalance............................................31, 62, 90 Prevalence..................................................25, 26 Prevalence in certain race................................26 Primary.............................................................68 Primary XE Primary.........................................68 Prisma...............................................................77 Prognosis of Sarcoidosis...................................62 Prolactin secretion..............................................9 protons.............................................................64 Pseudo-psora (Tubercular miasm) is romantic, erotic, social, extroverted, cosmopolitan, erratic, optimistic, yet dissatisfied and always wants to change places, jobs, mates, etc....70 Pseudo-psora has pussy, purulent, yellow, bloody, musty discharges............................70 Pseudo-psora is translucent, fine, smooth, bruises easily, and its lesions bleed easily and exude excessive pus.............................70 Pseudo-psora pains are neuralgic, sharp, piercing, twisting, stitching..........................70 Pseudo-psora tends to produce pipe stem bones, narrow chests, sunken cheeks and sparkling eyes..............................................69 Pseudo-psora tends toward tubercles, fibrosis and suppuration...........................................69 Psora....9, 18, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 36, 43, 50, 68, 69, 70, 72, 75 Psora is full of pseudo-scientific, philosophical, political, religious ideas. They are self expressive, talkative, self deceptive and may think they are full of genius yet seem foolish and impractical to others.............................70 Psora XE Psora....................................68, 69, 70 Psora- Syphilis............................................27, 72

Psora- the functional miasm causing disturbances in physiology only...................22 Psora-syco-syphilis- also called cancerous miasm, causing worst forms of diseases like cancer...........................................................23 Psora-sycosis- abnormal growths. viz. tumors, keloids etc....................................................23 Psora-Sycosis-Syphilis................................27, 72 Psora-Syphilis.............................................27, 72 Psora-syphilis- also called Pseudopsora, or Tubercular miasm, causing tubercular degenerations etc. viz. phthisis etc.............23 PTH...................................................................48 Published by-......................................................3 pulmonary fibrosis............................................30 Pulmonary Function Test..................................50 Pulmonary function test with a restrictive pattern..........................................................50 Pulmonary function tests show restriction, decreased compliance, and impaired diffusing capacity.........................................50 Pulmonary hypertension..................................62 Pulmonary Interstitial granulomas...................53 Pulmonary interstitial non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Giant cells and histiocytes form nodular aggregates without necrosis........................................................53 Pulmonary sarcoidosis...............................74, 75 Pulmonological Manifestations.........................36

Q
Quantitative immunoglobulins (nephelometry) ......................................................................48

R
R. Kienbock/K. Kreibich/O. Jungling...................... described bone changes.............................16 Racial Incidence...............................................26 Radar 9.2.1b and 10.0.017- Archibel, Belgium 89 Radiological Manifestations.............................38 Rare................................................31, 48, 62, 90 Reaction.....................................................59, 76 Reaction to foreign bodies................................... beryllium, zirconium, tattooing, paraffin, etc. ..................................................................59 Red eye............................................................28 Reduced color vision........................................28 Reduced visual clearness.................................28 Remarks, Questions.........................................75 Remedy..........................................64, 73, 74, 75 Repertory of Sarcoidosis..................................80 resistance.........................................................66 Respirator System............................................74 Respiratory Tract..............................................76 Rheumatism. Pain in the arms as if bruised. Buttocks cold. Clubbed fingers. Blue discoloration of the hands. Sarcoidosis of the bones. Deposits around the inter-phalangeal joints.............................................................75

103

Rheumatoid nodules........................................60 Rheumatological Manifestations......................42 Rhoea...............................................................10 Robert Willan...........................13, 33, 46, 47, 73 Robert Willan (17571812)..............................13 Robert, Herbert A. - Sensations As If............89 Robins Pathological basis of diseases- 7th Ed. P661, 662, 667, 795, 803, 834, 1501............89

S
S. Lo fgren........................................................... described Lo fgrens syndrome.................16 Sankaran, P. - The Repetition of Doses............89 Sarcoid reaction in regional Lymph nodes to carcinoma.....................................................59 sarcoidose........................................................25 sarcodose..................................................25, 67 Sarcodose........................................................25 sarcoidosi.........................................................25 sarcoidosis........................................................25 Sarcoidosis. 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 35, 36, 43, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 59, 62, 64, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92 SARCOIDOSIS...................................8, 23, 76, 80 Sarcoidosis - Synonyms...................................25 Sarcoidosis the Historical XE ..........................9 Sarcoidosis (sarc = flesh, -oid = like, -osis = a process), also called sarcoid or Besnier-Boeck disease, is a multisystem disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomas (small inflammatory nodules). The cause of the disease is still unknown.........................24 Sarcoidosis and Malignancy.............................47 Sarcoidosis and Pregnancy..............................47 Sarcoidosis in females......................................36 Sarcoidosis in India..........................................17 Sarcoidosis is a multi system disorder characterized in affected organs by a type of inflammation called granulomas. The cause is unknown. Some people with sarcoidosis affecting their pituitary glands can develop diabetes insipidus.........................................24 Sarcoidosis may also alter the results of the following tests-.............................................48 Sarcoidosis milestones.....................................16 Sarcoidosis of the bones..................................74 Sarcoidosis was most prevalant in rich persons (46%) and least in average (20%)...............18 Sarcoidosis.......................6, 9, 11, 36, 72, 74, 88 Sarkoidose..................................................20, 25 sarkoidoz..........................................................25 sarkoidza........................................................25 Schistosomiasis................................................60 Schroyens, Frederick - Synthesis 9.2.1b..........91 Schwabe, Willmar - Practical Homoeopathy in Every Day Medical Practice..........................91 Scientists and doctors from all over the world meet at Brompton Hospital in London for the

first ever conference about Sarcoidosis. Since nobody knows anything about the disorder, they shortly retire to brandy and cigars......11 Secondary or tertiary state..............................68 Sensitivity to light............................................28 Serum ACE activity elevated in 40- 90% due to macrophage activity, but nonspecific since histoplasmosis, acute miliary TB, hepatitis, and lymphomas also have this finding (5% false +).........................................................50 Serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme..........50 Serum phosphorus...........................................48 Serum uric acid high, but gout is rare.............51 Severity of symptoms......................................63 Sex incidence...................................................17 Sex incidence-..................................................17 Sexual Incidence..............................................26 She eats a lot. An X-ray of her lungs showed she had sarcoidosis......................................76 Signs...........................................................69, 77 Signs and Symptoms XE Symptoms...............69 Similarly, the drugs when potentized XE potentized...................................................65 Similia Similibus Curantur................................19 Single diseases- having only one miasm at a time..............................................................22 Sircar, S. D. - Organon Expositor.....................91 Skeletal muscle................................................56 Skin....27, 28, 31, 48, 59, 70, 72, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92 SKIN......................................................80, 82, 83 SKIN - DISCOLORATION - bluish.......................82 SKIN - ERUPTIONS - bluish - dark.....................82 SKIN - ERUPTIONS - tubercles..........................82 SKIN - INDURATIONS, nodules, etc...................83 SKIN - LUPUS....................................................83 SKIN - NETWORK of blood vessels....................83 SKIN - SARCOIDOSIS.........................................80 Skin lesion biopsy.............................................48 Skin Lesion in Sarcoidosis................................59 Skin Symptoms.................................................28 Skin XE Skin....................................................70 Smokers v/s Nonsmokers Incidence................26 Smoking should be stopped, it can make it worse............................................................63 Socioeconomic incidence.................................18 Socioeconomic incidence-................................18 Some doctors use melatonin to help treat sarcoidosis (a condition where fibrous tissue develops in the lungs and other tissues). A few clinical studies suggest that melatonin may be helpful for those who do not improve from conventional steroid treatment...........24 Some organs must be treated, regardless of the symptoms while others may not need to be treated. Usually, if asymptomatic, no need of treatment is there, and the patient probably recovers in time...........................................63 sookshama shareera........................................65

104

Spain- only 1.2 per 100,000 are infected........25 Speight, Phyllis- A comparison of the Chronic Miasms B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint Edition - 1998..................................91 spiritual......................................................20, 65 Sporadic- attacking several persons at a time in different localities with somewhat similar symptoms. viz. Viral Fever, Influenza, Dysentery, Typhoid etc................................22 Staph..............................................80, 81, 82, 83 STUDIES RELATED TO HOMOEOPATHY............19 Studying Homoeopathy....................................75 subtle body.......................................................65 Sudden death...................................................28 Sudden loss of consciousness..........................28 Sukumaran, N. Main Symptoms of Heart Problems.......................................................91 Surgical diseases- the diseases with gross pathological, often irreversible changes......21 Suspected Causes of Sarcoidosis.....................32 Sven Lfgren..............................................14, 74 Sven Lfgren (19101978)...............................14 Sven Lfgren (19101978) was the first to link erythema nodosum with sarcoidosis. The association is now called Lfgrens syndrome. ......................................................................14 Sweden- the highest reported incidence of sarcoidosis in Europe, ranging from 64 cases per 100,000 population using mass radiographic screening to 641 cases per 100,000 population using autopsy studies.. 25 Swelling in legs.................................................28 Swelling, which makes cheeks look puffy........29 Syco-syphilis- causing cystic degenerations. viz. Tubo-ovarian mass etc.................................23 Sycosis...........................9, 18, 22, 68, 69, 70, 72 Sycosis is pessimistic, a hard realist, skeptical, secretive, suspicious, jealous and has fixed ideas and hidden self disgust.......................70 Sycosis XE Sycosis.............................68, 69, 70 Sycosis- the mal-growth miasm, causing exfoliations, tumorization etc.......................22 Sycosis-Syphilis..........................................27, 72 Symptomatology........................................73, 74 Symptoms................................63, 69, 72, 73, 77 Synonym...........................................................25 Synonyms.........................................................25 Synoptic Materia Medica 2...............................78 Syphilis.....................................23, 68, 69, 70, 72 Syphilis has a mixture of madness and genius with a deep sense of irony that leads to obsession with death and destruction. They become guilty, self destructive, and end in idiocy, insanity or suicide.............................70 Syphilis XE Syphilis.............................68, 69, 70 Syphilis- the degenerating miasm, causing destructions..................................................23 Syphilitic miasm has very offensive, foul, putrid, smelly discharges.........................................70

Syphilitic skin has brownish red, or coppery color spots, eruptions that do not itch, and a tendency toward easy ulceration.................71

T
Taylor M. L. - Homoeopathy, Introductory Lectures........................................................92 TB, atypical mycobacteriosis...........................59 TB, brucellosis..................................................60 TB, Brucellosis..................................................60 TB, histoplasmosis, IM (Infectious Mononucleosis), CMV (Cytomegalovirus).....60 Temperament...................................................70 Temperament-..................................................70 The Hindu were more affected than muslims and the Sikhs................................................17 The activated macrophages release a number of mediators including fibronectin, cytokines and growth factors responsible for causing fibrosis..........................................................35 The Concise Oxford Dictionary.........................92 The Conditions possible but most unlikely.....60 The cure rate was highest in poor patients and the lowest in rich..........................................18 The Emerging Picture of Leprominium............73 The Essential Features.....................................78 The exclusion of the known causes of granulomatous inflammation other than sarcoidosis....................................................48 The final combination of all the three miasms is called cancerous miasm and produces the worst forms of illness viz. tumours like prolactinoma, micro or macroadenoma etc.71 The first case of sarcoidosis was identified at Kings College Hospital, London by a surgeon dermatologist, Sir Jonathan Hutchinson (18281913) more than a century ago........12 The first ever Sarcoidosis biopsy occurs when Thog the Conqueror is speared through his mediastinal lymphadenopathy by a Bronze Age villager who didnt feel like being conquered. No one hangs around long enough to make a diagnosis........................10 The first patient with sarcoidosis described by J. Hutchinson had multiple, raised, dusty-red patches on his feet, fingers and arms..........12 The first-ever holistic approach to Sarcoidosis is discovered by one Susan moonchild Coombs of San Francisco, California, when she stuffs her bouquet of wild flowers in her doctors mouth and leaves his office to find an alternative to western medicine..................11 The following are all clinical and/or radiological patterns of sarcoidosis-................................49 The frequency of organ involvement varies considerably. The organ involvement rates may be as follows-........................................31 The Fundamental Miasms and Their Combinations...............................................69

105

The highiest percentage of cure was in Sycosis (50%) with 50% relief and the least in Psora (00%) with 100% relieved. Those with Pseudopsora were 33% cured with 67% relief.............................................................18 The Homoeopathic treatment was found to be miraculously effective in treatment of Sarcoidosis. The data revealed- Cured- 27%, Relieved- 73% and Not Cured- 00% ...........18 The incidence of Sarcoidosis is maximum in age group of 31-50 years and least in prepuberty and aged group............................................17 The Law of Minimum Dose XE Law of Minimum Dose..............................................................64 The Law of Similars XE Law of Similars..........64 The Law of Single Remedy XE Remedy..........64 The Leprosy Nosode.........................................73 The mode of prescription in various cases was based on totality of symptoms. The way to reach the similimum remedy was either through mental to physical generals and particulars; or through the key of rare and peculier symptoms if available in some cases. ......................................................................18 The most affected are females than males. Males- 04%, Females 07%...........................17 The most frequent was Idiopathic Sarcoidosis (100%), The second one being Sarcoidosis with pulmonary manifestations (55%), then Sarcoidosis with arthritis (37%), then Sarcoidosis with other manifestations was 9%................................................................18 The patient with the very low likelihood of having sarcoidosis (e.g., young age)...........60 The physical signs of a person are fundamental to the treatment of chronic disorders because the constitution and temperament shows the effects of the inherited miasms...................71 The Pioneers of Sarcoidosis.............................12 The prevalence of Sarcoidosis was mosty in working patients (46%), House wives (27%), Students (18%) and non working ones (09%). ......................................................................18 The Secondary Symptoms of Tuberculosis......74 The Sycosis was found to be the top ranking miasm causing Sarcoidosis (37%), the next being Psora ( 36%) and then Pseudopsora (27%)............................................................18 The synthetic corticosteroid drug Prednisone becomes available and doctors around the world begin prescribing it immediately regardless of the diagnosis. Drug companies everywhere rejoice.......................................11 The term Sarcoidosis becomes official. It is derived from the Latin root Sarc.................11 The theory of spontaneous generation............67 The theory of the animalcule...........................67 The three chronic miasms that Hahnemann introduced in 1828 were called-..................68

The treatment depends on-.............................63 The word ..........................................................10 The zymotic theory..........................................67 Therapeutics........................................87, 88, 89 THERAPEUTICS.............................................8, 73 This is based on the pattern of chest radiographic findings-..................................30 This law directs to choose and administer such a single remedy, which is most similar to the symptom complex of the sick person at a time..............................................................64 Thoracic Sarcoidosis- Gallium-67 scans in a patient who had a normal chest radiograph. Study shows increased uptake in the lung fields, higher than the background activity. 52 Those caused by continuing stress factors (disorders upheld by maintaining causes which by their nature are not necessarily true chronic disorders 73),.................................69 Those caused by drug toxicity and faulty treatment (physician caused 74.),.............69 Those caused by infectious miasms (naturally caused 78)..................................................69 Though not common, it is often a disorder causing a deal of mental XE mental.............9 Thus, this energy or vital force XE vital force 65 Tierney, Lawrence M., Stephen J. McPheeCurrent Medical Diagnosis & Treatment......92 Tight, well-formed granulomas and a rim of lymphocytes and fibroblasts........................52 To improve how the organs affected by sarcoidosis work...........................................62 To relieve symptoms........................................63 To shrink the granulomas................................63 Totality.............................................................71 Totality, Constitution XE Constitution............71 Toxoplasmosis..................................................59 Treatment....................62, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92 Treatment of Sarcoidosis.................................62 True Natural or Miasmatic diseases- chronic diseases with constitutional signs and symptoms.....................................................22 Tuberculinum bovinum kent............................73 Tuberculosis, atypical mycobacteriosis...........59 Tuberculosis. Sarcoidosis.................................76 Types of Miasms XE Miasms...........................68

U
ukhealthcare.uky.edu/patient/glossary/glossarys.htm............................................................24 United Kingdom- the overall prevalence of sarcoidosis is approximately 20 per 100,000 population....................................................25 universal force of life energy...........................64 Unlike most lung diseases, sarcoidosis actually occurs more frequently in nonsmokers than smokers. It is not clear why.........................26 Urinary bladder................................................58 Urological Manifestations.................................46

106

Uttaranchal (INDIA)............................................2

V
Various types of bumps, ulcers, or, rarely, flat areas of discolored skin, that appear mostly near nose, eyes, back, arms, legs, and scalp. They usually itch but aren't painful. They usually last a long time................................28 Verma, P. N. - Materia Medica in Tabular Form ......................................................................92 Viruses..............................................................32 Vision problems..........................................29, 30 Vision problems................................................29 vital force.......................................64, 65, 66, 67 Vithoulkas, G., - Materia Medica Viva..............92 Vithoulkas, George - Science of Homoeopathy ......................................................................92 Vol. I, II, III, IV, V, VI- Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India................................92 Vols. I, II & III- Synthetic Repertory..................92

W
W. Bruins-Slot/L-M. Pautrier/W.T. Longcope/J. Pierson/ J. Costa Waldenstrom......................... uveoparotid fever........................................16 Weakness or numbness of an arm or leg. .29, 30 Weakness or numbness of an arm or leg........29 Weakness, pain, or a .......................................29 Weatherrall, Ledingham, Warrel, Oxford Textbook of Medicine, Oxford Medical Publications, 3rd edition...............................92 Wheezing....................................................27, 28 Within a geographical area, the frequency and course of the disease vary considerably among racial groups.....................................26 womenshealth.about.com/library/bl_autoimmun e12.htm........................................................24 wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn...........23 www.americandepot.com/services/resources_gl_s.asp.......24 www.arthritis.org/disease-center.php..............24 www.cchindia.org.............................................92 www.cdc.gov/cfs/cfsglossary.htm....................24 www.diabetesinsipidus.org/whatisdi_glossary.ht m..................................................................24

www.ecancerawareness.com/cancer_glossary/s. php...............................................................24 www.emedicine.com........................................92 www.emedicinehealth.com/arthritis/glossary_e m.htm...........................................................24 www.healthonline.com.....................................92 www.healthorg.com.........................................92 www.hmc.org...................................................92 www.homegci.net.............................................92 www.hommiasm.com.......................................92 www.homoeopathy.com..................................92 www.hpathy.com.............................................92 www.library.med.utah.edu/kw/human_reprod/le ctures/clinical_genetics/index.html..............92 www.medsafe.govt.nz......................................92 www.methodisthealth.com/tmhs/basic.do.......24 www.pmjonline.com.........................................92 www.qis.net......................................................92 www.stopsarcoidosis.org/sarcoidosis/glossary.ht m..................................................................24 www.thenewmedicine.org................................92 www.touregypt.net...........................................92 www.whonamedit.com.....................................92

X
X Term Medical Dictionary...............................23

Y
Yingling, W. A. Accouncheurs Emergency Manual..........................................................92 HYPERLINK ......................................................62

..................................19, 25, 66, 67

........................................................25

................................................25

................................................................25

.................................25

107

You might also like