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Introduction to Well Testing

Introduction to Well Testing


Instructional Objectives

1. List 4 objectives of well testing.

2. Define testing variables.

3. Compute compressibility of reservoir


systems.
Introduction To Well Testing
Outline
• Applications and objectives of well
testing

• Development of the diffusivity equation

• Definitions and sources for data used


in well testing
What Is A Well Test?
• A tool for reservoir evaluation and characterization
– Investigates a much larger volume of the reservoir
than cores or logs
– Provides estimate of permeability under in-situ
conditions
– Provides estimates of near-wellbore condition
– Provides estimates of distances to boundaries
How Is A Well Test Conducted?
q=0

t
Well Test Applications
• Exploration

• Reservoir engineering

• Production engineering
Well Test Objectives
• Define reservoir limits

• Estimate average drainage area pressure

• Characterize reservoir

• Diagnose productivity problems

• Evaluate stimulation treatment


effectiveness
Types of Well Tests
q

Single-Well Multi-Well
Development of the
Diffusivity Equation
The Diffusivity Equation

• Describes the flow of

– A slightly compressible fluid

– Having constant viscosity

– In a porous medium

– At constant temperature
The Continuity Equation

(Aρ v)1 (Aρ v)2

 = ( Aρv ) 1 − ( Aρv ) 2
m
Equation of State for a Slightly
Compressible Liquid

c ( p −po )
ρ = ρ oe
Flow Equation - Darcy’s Law

kA∆p
q=
µL
or, in differential form,

k x ∂p
ux = −
µ ∂x
The Diffusivity Equation

1 ∂  ∂p  φ c
µ t ∂p
r  =
r ∂r  ∂r  k ∂t
Data Used in Well Testing
Formation Volume Factor

Vres
Bo =
Vsurf
Viscosity

v + dv

dy v

F
µ≡
dv
A
dy
Fluid Compressibility

1 ∂Vo ∂ ln( Vo )
co ≡ − =−
Vo ∂p ∂p
Porosity
Permeability

qµL
k=
A∆p
Pore Compressibility

1 ∂φ ∂ ln( φ )
cf ≡ =
φ ∂p ∂p
Net Pay Thickness
Shale
h1 Sand

h2

h3

h = h1 + h2 + h3
Net Pay Thickness

Case 1 Case 3

Case 2 Case 4
Saturations
H2O
Wellbore Radius

rw
Total Compressibility

c t = c f + S o c o + S w c w + S gc g
Exercise 1

• List 4 objectives of well testing


Exercise 2

• Define variables used in well testing


Exercise 3

• Calculate total compressibility for an


undersaturated oil reservoir
Exercise 4

• Calculate total compressibility for a


saturated oil reservoir
Exercise 5

• Calculate total compressibility for a


low-pressure, high-permeability gas
reservoir
Exercise 6

• Calculate total compressibility for a


high-pressure, low-permeability gas
reservoir

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