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  • Atomic Structure: Lauren Saunders 12 September 2014

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    1) The document defines key subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons through their mass, charge, and behavior in electric and magnetic fields. 2) It describes the basic atomic structure with a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electron shells, and defines terms like isotope, atomic number, mass number, and relative atomic mass. 3) Nuclear fusion is explained as the fusion of light atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei with the release of large amounts of energy, requiring very high temperatures and pressures to overcome electrostatic repulsion between protons.

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    1) The document defines key subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons through their mass, charge, and behavior in electric and magnetic fields. 2) It describes the basic atomic structure with a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electron shells, and defines terms like isotope, atomic number, mass number, and relative atomic mass. 3) Nuclear fusion is explained as the fusion of light atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei with the release of large amounts of energy, requiring very high temperatures and pressures to overcome electrostatic repulsion between protons.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    6 views3 pages

    Atomic Structure: Lauren Saunders 12 September 2014

    Uploaded by

    Lauren
    1) The document defines key subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons through their mass, charge, and behavior in electric and magnetic fields. 2) It describes the basic atomic structure with a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by electron shells, and defines terms like isotope, atomic number, mass number, and relative atomic mass. 3) Nuclear fusion is explained as the fusion of light atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei with the release of large amounts of energy, requiring very high temperatures and pressures to overcome electrostatic repulsion between protons.

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    of 3

    Lauren Saunders

    ATOMIC STRUCTURE

    12th September 2014

    12th September 2014

    Lauren Saunders
    Subatomic
    particle

    Symbol
    (inc.
    mass &
    atomic
    nos.)

    Mass

    Charge

    kg

    Relativ
    e

    Relativ
    e

    proton

    1.672 x 10

    +1.602
    x10 -19

    +1

    neutron

    1.674 x 10

    electron

    9.109 x 10

    1/1836 -1.602 x10

    -1

    -27

    -27

    -31

    -19

    Description of an atom (in terms of sub-atomic


    particles) :

    Effect of
    electric or
    magnetic
    fields
    Positively
    charged and
    so would be
    deflected on
    a curving
    path towards
    the negative
    plate.
    Don't have a
    charge, and
    so would
    continue on
    in a straight
    line.
    Negatively
    charged and
    so would be
    deflected on
    a curving
    path towards
    the positive
    plate.

    Diagram of atomic

    Each atom has a nucleus at its centre,


    containing protons and neutrons. Most of
    the mass of the atom is concentrated
    here. The diameter of the nucleus is very
    small compared to the rest of the atom.
    Electrons are in clouds (shells) around
    the nucleus. These shells take up most
    of the volume of the atom.

    structure

    Explain the meaning of the following terms :Isotope:


    Atoms of the same element which have the same atomic number
    but different mass numbers.
    Same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
    Atomic number:
    The number of protons in the nucleus.
    This identifies the element. All atoms of the same element have the
    same number of protons- same atomic number.

    Lauren Saunders

    12th September 2014

    Mass number:
    Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
    Can subtract the atomic from the mass number to work out the
    number of neutrons.
    Relative atomic mass:
    Average mass of an atom of an element on a scale where a carbon12 atom has a mass of exactly 12 units.
    Explain the meaning of nuclear fusion :
    Two light atomic nuclei fuse together to form a single heavier
    nucleus of a new element.
    The process releases enormous quantities of energy.
    Conditions for nuclear fusion:
    Very high temperature - gives the (hydrogen) nuclei enough energy
    to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between the protons. The
    hotter a molecule is, the faster it will move and the more likely it is
    to collide
    High pressure- the nuclei need to be very close together to fuse,
    approximately a million millionth of a millimetre.
    Example of nuclear fusion (equation)
    Hydrogen nuclei combine to make helium nuclei, releasing huge
    amounts of energy. This is happening inside our suns core.
    +

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