‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮات اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E – Learning courses‬‬

‫أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮﺳﺎت‬
‫‪Traversing‬‬

‫أ‪ .‬د‪ /‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻐﺮﺑﻰ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﺪﻧﻰ ‪ -‬هﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻷزهﺮ‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
‫‪ :‬أهﻤﻴﺔ وأﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‬

‫‪ :‬اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ واﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت واﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب وﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪ :‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ وﺿﺒﻂ أرﺻﺎد ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬
‫‪ :‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ وﺿﺒﻂ أرﺻﺎد ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ وﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‬

‫أهﻤﻴﺔ وأﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮﺳﺎت‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣

 ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
Traverse Definition
: ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻠﻐﻮى‬
Traverse :To pass or travel across, over, or through
something. / zigzag pass
(‫ ﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﺄﻧﻪ اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ )آﺜﻴﺮ اﻷﺿﻼع‬: ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
:‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ‬
A geometrical shape that the surveyor follows by
placing and occupying points on the ground and
measuring the distances and angles between the points.
‫هﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺮﺟﺔ‬: ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﺎس ﺣﻘﻠﻴﺎ اﻃﻮال‬،‫اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﻴﻂ او ﺗﺨﺘﺮق اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب رﻓﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫هﺬﻩ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط واﻟﺰواﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﺎط‬
.‫اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤

 ‫أهﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻓﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻣﻦ أهﻢ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺨﺪم أﻋﻤﺎل‬

‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﻰ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ وﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء وأﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮق واﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ أو اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ )ﺟﺒﻠﻴﺔ أو زراﻋﻴﺔ(‬
‫وآﺬﻟﻚ أﻋﻤﺎل رﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
 ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ‪Traverse types‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮﺳﺎت اﻟﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻣﻘﻔﻞ ‪Closed Traverse‬‬
‫ا‪ -‬اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ )‪(Polygon or Closed Loop / Ring Traverse‬‬
‫وﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻷرﺻﺎد وﺗﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻣﻮﺻﻞ‬
‫)‪(Link or connecting or closed route traverse‬‬
‫وﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺒﺪأ وﺗﻨﺘﻬﻰ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺘﻰ اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ‪Open Traverse‬‬
‫وﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت وﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ وﻻ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‪ ،‬وﻟﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻦ أرﺻﺎدﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬

‫ش‬
‫ش‬

‫ش‬

‫ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻣﻮﺻﻞ‬

‫ش‬

(‫ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻣﻘﻔﻞ )ﻣﻀﻠﻊ‬

‫ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻣﻔﺘﻮح‬
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٧
 ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫‪Traversing Fieldwork‬‬
‫‪ -١‬اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف‪ :‬اﺟﺮاء ﺟﻮﻻت ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ وﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد رﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫ﺑﻬﺪف اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ وﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬رﺳﻢ آﺮوآﻰ ﻋﺎم ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ :‬رﺳﻢ ﻣﺒﺴﻂ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﺪون ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ ﺑﻬﺪف‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻓﻜﺮة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ‪ .‬ﻣﻊ وﺿﻊ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮوآﻰ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ وﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪:‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮوط اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ا‪ -‬ان ﺗﺮى آﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ واﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ب‪ -‬ان ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﺪد اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ )ﻟﺘﻼﻓﻰ ﺗﺮاآﻢ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء(‬
‫ﺟـ ‪ -‬ان ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ وﺳﻬﻠﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻴﻬﺎ وﻓﻰ أﻣﺎآﻦ ذات أرﺿﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬
‫وﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮآﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
 ‫”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫د ‪ -‬ان ﺗﻜﻮن اﻃﻮال اﻟﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺔ‬
‫هـ ‪ -‬ان ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ١٢٠ – ٣٠‬درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﻀﻠﻊ ﺑﺄداة ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻷرض ) ﻣﺜﻼ أوﺗﺎد ﺧﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻷرض‬
‫اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﻔﻠﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﻤﻞ آﺮوت وﺻﻒ ﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ آﺮت وﺻﻒ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ وﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس وﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ وﻣﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬رﻓﻊ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ رﻓﻊ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﻴﺎس‬
‫اﻧﺤﺮاف أﺣﺪ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط ﺛﻢ اﺟﺮاء اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ) ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻮﺻﻠﺔ أو‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ( أو ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫‪ -٦‬أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺤﺸﻴﺔ )اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺪ( ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ رﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة داﺧﻞ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫واﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﻓﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬

‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﻓﻌﻪ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٠

 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﻓﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬

‫ﺟـ‬

‫ب‬

‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﻓﻌﻪ‬

‫د‬
‫ا‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١١

 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﻓﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬

‫ﺟـ‬

‫ب‬

‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﻓﻌﻪ‬

‫د‬
‫ا‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٢

 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬

‫اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ واﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت واﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٣

 ‫اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ واﻻﺗﺠﺎهﺎت‬
‫‪Angles vs. Directions‬‬
‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ‪ :‬هﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻦ هﺪﻓﻴﻦ واﻗﻌﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﻴﻦ رأﺳﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫وﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬زاوﻳﺎ داﺧﻠﻴﺔ ‪Interior angles‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬زاوﻳﺎ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ‪Exterior angles‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬زواﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻓﺔ ‪Deflection angles‬‬

‫اﻹﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪ :‬هﻰ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺤﺪد ﺛﺎﺑﺖ او اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻰ‬
‫)ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل أو اﻟﺠﻨﻮب( واﺗﺠﺎﻩ هﺪف ﻓﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى رأﺳﻰ ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫وﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻻﺗﺠﺎهﺎت اﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻜﻠﻰ ‪Azimuth‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى ‪Quadrant Bearing‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ ‪Reduced Bearing‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬
 Angle Types ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ‬
:‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ‬
Interior angles ‫زاوﻳﺎ داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
Exterior angles ‫زاوﻳﺎ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬
Deflection angles ‫زواﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻓﺔ‬

‫ش‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ش‬

‫زاوﻳﺔ داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫زاوﻳﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻓﺔ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٥

 ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻻﺗﺠﺎهﺎت ‪Direction Types‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻻﺗﺠﺎهﺎت اﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻷول وﻳﺸﻤﻞ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى أو اﻟﻜﻠﻰ‬
‫)‪ Azimuth or (whole bearing‬اﻟﺬى ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‪.‬‬

‫واﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ وﻳﺸﻤﻞ‬

‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى ‪Quadrant Bearing‬‬
‫واﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ ‪Reduced Bearing‬‬
‫وهﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ وﻣﺴﺘﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
 ‫ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ واﻻﺗﺠﺎهﺎت‬
‫‪Angles and directions measurement‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ )ﺟﻬﺎز ﻳﻘﺮأ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ ١‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ(‬
‫وﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬

‫اﻣﺎ اﻻﺗﺠﺎهﺎت ﻓﻬﻰ ﺗﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ )أداة ﺗﻘﺮأ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ ١‬درﺟﺔ( ‪:‬‬
‫وﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬
 ‫أﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻷدوات وأﺟﻬﺰة ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ واﻻﺗﺠﺎهﺎت‬

‫ﺑﻌﺾ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬
 ‫أﻧﻮاع اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل ‪North (meridian) Types‬‬
‫‪ -١‬اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ )اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻰ( ‪Geographical (True) North :‬‬
‫هﻮ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺮاﺻﺪ واﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬وهﻮ ﺧﻂ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪار‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎم‪ ،‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم أو ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺮﺻﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻤﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪. GPS‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ‪Magnetic North :‬‬

‫هﻮ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ إﺑﺮة ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺮاﺻﺪ‪ ،‬وهﻮ ﺧﻂ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻃﻔﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺪار اﻟﻌﺎم‪ ،‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻹﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻰ ‪Assumed North :‬‬

‫هﻮ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻰ ﻟﻠﺸﻤﺎل وﻟﻴﻜﻦ اﺣﺪ اﺿﻼع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻰ ‪Grid North :‬‬

‫هﻮ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ وﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﺧﺮى وهﻤﻴﺔ وﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رﺳﻢ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﻮازﻳﺔ ﻟﻪ وأﺧﺮى ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ )اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ‪. ( Grid‬‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬
 ‫‪75‬‬
‫‪60‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ‬
‫‪45‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪f‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫‪15‬‬

‫‪l‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫ﺧﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﻨﺘﺶ‬
‫ﺧﻂ اﻟﻄﻮل=ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫‪30º‬‬
‫‪N‬‬

‫‪10º‬‬
‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪0º‬‬

‫‪10º‬‬ ‫‪0º‬‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫داﺋﺮة اﻹﺳﺘﻮاء‬
‫ﺧﻂ اﻟﻌﺮض=ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻷﺻﻞ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢١

 ‫زاوﻳﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ‪Declination angle‬‬
‫‪ -‬هﻰ زاوﻳﺔ ذات ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ‪ δ‬وهﻰ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻨﺤﺮف ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة وﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬زاوﻳﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮة ﻧﻈﺮا ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪار اﻟﻌﺎم ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬إذا آﺎن اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﺷﺮق اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ آﺎﻧﺖ زاوﻳﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬إذا آﺎن اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﻏﺮب اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ آﺎﻧﺖ زاوﻳﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎل ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫‪-δ‬‬ ‫‪+δ‬‬

‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ = اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ‪δ ±‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬
 ‫ﺷﺮح اﻻﺗﺠﺎهﺎت اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬

‫اﻟﻐﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮق‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying

‫اﻟﺠﻨﻮب‬
Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٣
 ‫ﺷﺮح اﻻﺗﺠﺎهﺎت اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮق‬

‫اﻟﻐﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮق‬

‫ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮق‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﻨﻮب‬
‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬
 ‫ﺷﺮح اﻻﺗﺠﺎهﺎت اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﻐﺮب‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﺸﺮق‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮق‬
‫ﻏﺮب ﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﻐﺮب‬ ‫ﺷﺮق ﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﺸﺮق‬

‫اﻟﻐﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮق‬
‫ﻏﺮب ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﻐﺮب‬ ‫ﺷﺮق ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺸﺮق‬

‫ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮق‬

‫ﺟﻨﻮب ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﻐﺮب‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮب ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺸﺮق‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﻨﻮب‬
‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬
 Quadrant Bearing ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺮﺑﻊ داﺋﺮى‬

4th N 1st
‫ش‬
quadrant ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻊ‬
quadrant ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻷول‬

NW NE ‫ش ﻏـ‬ ‫شق‬
W E ‫ﻏـ‬ ‫ق‬
SW ‫ﺟـ ﻏـ‬ ‫ﺟـ ق‬
SE
‫اﻟﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻊ‬
3rd 2nd
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
quadrant quadrant
S ‫ﺟـ‬
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٦
 ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى )‪Whole Bearing (Azimuth‬‬

‫‪°٣٦٠‬ش‬
‫‪°٥٢‬‬

‫‪°٢٧٠‬‬ ‫‪°٩٠‬‬

‫‪°١٨٠‬‬
‫* ﻳﻘﺎس ﻣﻊ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺪءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ او اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬
‫* ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ و ‪ ٣٦٠‬درﺟﺔ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬
 ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى )‪Whole Bearing (Azimuth‬‬

‫‪°٣٦٠‬ش‬

‫‪°٢٧٠‬‬ ‫‪°٩٠‬‬

‫‪°١٦١‬‬

‫‪°١٨٠‬‬
‫* ﻳﻘﺎس ﻣﻊ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺪءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ او اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬
‫* ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ و ‪ ٣٦٠‬درﺟﺔ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬
 ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى )‪Whole Bearing (Azimuth‬‬

‫‪°٣٦٠‬ش‬

‫‪°٢٧٠‬‬ ‫‪°٩٠‬‬

‫‪°٢٥٤‬‬
‫‪°١٨٠‬‬
‫* ﻳﻘﺎس ﻣﻊ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺪءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ او اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬
‫* ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ و ‪ ٣٦٠‬درﺟﺔ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬
 ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى )‪Whole Bearing (Azimuth‬‬

‫‪°٣٦٠‬ش‬

‫‪°٣٤٠‬‬
‫‪°٢٧٠‬‬ ‫‪°٩٠‬‬

‫‪°١٨٠‬‬
‫* ﻳﻘﺎس ﻣﻊ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺪءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ او اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬
‫* ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ و ‪ ٣٦٠‬درﺟﺔ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬
 ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى )‪Whole Bearing (Azimuth‬‬

‫‪°٣٦٠‬ش‬
‫‪°٥٢‬‬

‫‪°٣٤٠‬‬
‫‪°٢٧٠‬‬ ‫‪°٩٠‬‬

‫‪°١٦١‬‬
‫‪°٢٥٤‬‬
‫‪°١٨٠‬‬
‫* ﻳﻘﺎس ﻣﻊ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺪءا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻰ او اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬
‫* ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ و ‪ ٣٦٠‬درﺟﺔ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣١‬‬
 ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ ‪Reduced Bearing‬‬
‫ش‬
‫‪°٥٢‬‬
‫‪°٢٠‬‬

‫‪°٧٤‬‬ ‫‪°١٩‬‬

‫* اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻦ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺨﻂ واﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل أو اﻟﺠﻨﻮب أﻳﻬﻤﺎ أﻗﺮب‬
‫* ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ و ‪ ٩٠‬درﺟﺔ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى واﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬

‫ش‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻷول‬ ‫ش‬

‫‪°٣٦٠‬‬
‫‪°٥٢‬‬ ‫‪°٥٢‬‬

‫‪°١٨٠‬‬
‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ = اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى واﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬

‫ش‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ش‬

‫‪°٣٦٠‬‬

‫‪°٢٧٠‬‬

‫‪°١٦١‬‬
‫‪°١٩‬‬
‫‪°١٨٠‬‬
‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬

‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ = ‪ – ١٨٠‬اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى واﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬

‫ش‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ش‬

‫‪°٣٦٠‬‬

‫‪°٢٧٠‬‬

‫‪°٧٤‬‬ ‫‪°٢٥٤‬‬
‫‪°١٨٠‬‬
‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬

‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ= اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى – ‪١٨٠‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى واﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬

‫ش‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫ش‬

‫‪°٣٦٠‬‬
‫‪°٣٤٠‬‬
‫‪°٢٠‬‬
‫‪°٢٧٠‬‬

‫‪°٧٤‬‬
‫‪°١٨٠‬‬
‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ = ‪ - ٣٦٠‬اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى واﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬

‫ش‬ ‫ش‬
‫‪°٣٦٠‬‬
‫‪°٥٢‬‬ ‫‪°٣٤٠‬‬ ‫‪°٥٢‬‬
‫‪°٢٠‬‬
‫‪°٢٧٠‬‬

‫‪°٢٥٤‬‬ ‫‪°١٦١‬‬
‫‪°٧٤‬‬ ‫‪°١٩‬‬
‫‪°١٨٠‬‬
‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ = ‪ - ٣٦٠‬اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ = اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى – ‪١٨٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ = ‪ – ١٨٠‬اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬
 ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ واﻟﺨﻠﻔﻰ‬
‫‪Forward and Back Bearing‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ ﻟﻠﺨﻂ ا ب ‪ :‬اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ا ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل واﻟﺨﻂ اب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻰ ﻟﻠﺨﻂ ا ب ‪ :‬اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ب ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل واﻟﺨﻂ ب ا‪.‬‬
‫ش‬

‫ش‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف‬
‫اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻰ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف‬ ‫ب‬
‫اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬

‫ا‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ و ‪ ٣٦٠‬درﺟﺔ‬

‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻰ = اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ ‪°١٨٠ ±‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٨‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت‬
‫ش‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻂ ب ﺟـ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﻂ اب‬

‫ب‬
‫ش‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﻂ اب‬

‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺟـ‬

‫ا‬

‫اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ = اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻰ ﻟﻠﻀﻠﻊ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ – اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ ﻟﻠﻀﻠﻊ اﻟﻼﺣﻖ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٩‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮط وإﺷﺎرات اﻟﺪوال اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ش‬
‫ل ﺟﺎ هـ‬ ‫ش‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬

‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺟﺎ )‪(-‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎ )‪(+‬‬
‫ل ﺟﺘﺎ هـ‬
‫ل‬

‫هـ‬ ‫ﺟﺘﺎ )‪(+‬‬ ‫ﺟﺘﺎ )‪(+‬‬

‫ﺟﺎ )‪(-‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎ )‪(+‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺘﺎ )‪(-‬‬ ‫ﺟﺘﺎ )‪(-‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ = ل ﺟﺎ هـ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ = ل ﺟﺘﺎ هـ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬
 ‫اﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻧﻘﻂ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫ش‬
‫ل ﺟﺎ هـ‬ ‫ب‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬

‫ل ﺟﺘﺎ هـ‬
‫ل‬
‫هـ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫ا‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ب = اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ا ‪ +‬ل ﺟﺎ هـ‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ب = اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ا ‪ +‬ل ﺟﺘﺎ هـ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤١‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب وﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤٢

 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب وﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ أرﺻﺎد اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫‪Traverse calculations‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ أﻋﻤﺎل رﺻﺪ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺳﻮاء ﺗﻤﺖ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ )ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ( او ﺗﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ )ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ( ﻳﺘﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى ‪Angular closure‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ ‪Linear closure‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى ﻓﻰ آﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ وﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ اذا آﺎن ﻋﺪد أﺿﻼع او زواﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ن ﻓﻴﻜﻮن‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ = )ن – ‪°١٨٠ * ( ٢‬‬

‫‪ -‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ = )ن ‪°١٨٠ * ( ٢ +‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻴﺎس أرﺻﺎد اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس وﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻷﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻟﻪ وﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﻴﻦ‬
‫”ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى“‬
‫)ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى = اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ‪ ±‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻰ(‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٣‬‬
 ‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ أوﻻ ﻓﻰ آﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ أو ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺈذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺤﻞ‪،‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ إذا زادت ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﺘﻢ اﻋﺎدة ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬

‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ‪:‬‬

‫ا‪ -‬ﻳﻌﺎد ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎوى ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ب‪ -‬ﻳﻌﺎد ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷوزان ) ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ آﻞ زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻜﻠﻰ ﻟﻬﻢ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى‬
‫ش‬
‫ش‬ ‫"‪161°35’ 00‬‬
‫"‪85°20’ 00‬‬
‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫ا‬

‫‪126.‬‬
‫‪80.08‬‬
‫ش‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫‪36‬‬
‫"‪6°29’ 10‬‬
‫اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ‬ ‫ش‬
‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫هـ‬
‫ش‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪55.82‬‬

‫‪253.68‬‬
‫"‪262°46’ 40‬‬
‫د‬
‫"‪348°30’ 50‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﺎد ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى ﺑﻌﻜﺲ اﻹﺷﺎرة‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎوى او ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷوزان‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٥‬‬
 ‫‪ -٣‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت أﺿﻼع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺷﺮﻃﻴﻦ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻷﺿﻼع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻷﺿﻼع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻈﺮا ﻟﻸﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﻮارد ﺣﺪوﺛﻬﺎ اﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺠﺪ أن ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ وﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻰ ﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت أﺿﻼع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫آﺎﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻷﺿﻼع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = ∆ س‬

‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻷﺿﻼع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = ∆ ص‬

‫وﻳﺤﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ ∆ ل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ∆ ) +‬ص(‪٢‬‬ ‫) ∆ ل(‪ ∆) = ٢‬س(‪٢‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٦‬‬
 (‫ ص‬+) ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫رﺳﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻰ ﻟﺨﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ‬

‫ش‬
‫ب‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬

‫∆ل‬
‫∆ص‬
‫ا‬
١

‫هـ‬
‫ا‬
١
‫ﺟـ‬ ‫∆س‬

‫د‬
(‫ س‬+) ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬

* Not to scale
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤٧
 ‫‪ -٤‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا زادت ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺘﻢ اﻋﺎدة ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬

‫اﻣﺎ اذا آﺎن اﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫)اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ أو اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ( ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺧﻄﻮات ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﻤﺎ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻰ )دﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس( ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻰ )دﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس( = ∆ ل \ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٨‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ – اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬

‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ وﺿﺒﻂ أرﺻﺎد ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤٩

 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ وﺿﺒﻂ أرﺻﺎد ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫‪Adjustment of Compass Traverse‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﻮدﺗﺶ ‪ Bowditch Method‬ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ آﺎﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮط ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ وﻗﻴﺎس‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎوى او ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷوزان‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺮض اﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اول ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺗﻮﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬
‫وآﺬﻟﻚ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺻﺎد ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥١‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = ﻣﺠﻤﻮع أﻃﻮال أﺿﻼع اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٢‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪-11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫ﺟﺎ ) زاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف(‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ = ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ ‪x‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٣‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-119.888‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.892‬‬ ‫‪-251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪-11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫ﺟﺘﺎ ) زاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف(‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ = ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ ‪x‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٤‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-119.888‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.892‬‬ ‫‪-251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪-11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ = اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى ﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮط )أﺧﺬ اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻓﻰ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر(‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٥‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.084 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-119.888 0.050‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.100 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.022 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.031‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ = ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ ‪) x‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ \ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس(‬
‫*** ﺗﺪون ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻌﻜﺲ إﺷﺎرة ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٦‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪0.024‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.084 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪0.014 -119.888 0.050‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪0.028 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.100 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪0.006‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.022 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪0.009‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.031‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ = ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ ‪) x‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ \ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس(‬
‫*** ﺗﺪون ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻌﻜﺲ إﺷﺎرة ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٧‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪213.614 0.024‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.084 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪39.970‬‬ ‫‪0.014 -119.888 0.050‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-251.568 0.028 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.100 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪-11.094‬‬ ‫‪0.006‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.022 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪9.077‬‬ ‫‪0.009‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.031‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ = اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ‪ +‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٨‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.454‬‬ ‫‪213.614 0.024‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.084 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-119.874 39.970‬‬ ‫‪0.014 -119.888 0.050‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.864 -251.568 0.028 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.100 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪54.708‬‬ ‫‪-11.094‬‬ ‫‪0.006‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.022 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪79.576‬‬ ‫‪9.077‬‬ ‫‪0.009‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.031‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ = اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ‪ +‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٩‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.454‬‬ ‫‪213.614 0.024‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.084 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-119.874 39.970‬‬ ‫‪0.014 -119.888 0.050‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.864 -251.568 0.028 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.100 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪54.708‬‬ ‫‪-11.094‬‬ ‫‪0.006‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.022 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪79.576‬‬ ‫‪9.077‬‬ ‫‪0.009‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.031‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻷول ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع آﻼ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ = ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.454‬‬ ‫‪213.614 0.024‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.084 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫‪5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-119.874 39.970‬‬ ‫‪0.014 -119.888 0.050‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫‪5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.864 -251.568 0.028 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.100 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫‪5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪54.708‬‬ ‫‪-11.094‬‬ ‫‪0.006‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.022 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫‪4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪79.576‬‬ ‫‪9.077‬‬ ‫‪0.009‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.031‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ = اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪ +‬اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦١‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.454‬‬ ‫‪213.614 0.024‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.084 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-119.874 39.970‬‬ ‫‪0.014 -119.888 0.050‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.864 -251.568 0.028 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.100 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪54.708‬‬ ‫‪-11.094‬‬ ‫‪0.006‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.022 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪79.576‬‬ ‫‪9.077‬‬ ‫‪0.009‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.031‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ = اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪ +‬اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦٢‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.454‬‬ ‫‪213.614 0.024‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.084 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-119.874 39.970‬‬ ‫‪0.014 -119.888 0.050‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.864 -251.568 0.028 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.100 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪54.708‬‬ ‫‪-11.094‬‬ ‫‪0.006‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.022 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪79.576‬‬ ‫‪9.077‬‬ ‫‪0.009‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.031‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﺎوى ﻗﻴﻢ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻷول وﺁﺧﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ )ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ(‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦٣‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.454‬‬ ‫‪213.614 0.024‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.084 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-119.874 39.970‬‬ ‫‪0.014 -119.888 0.050‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.864 -251.568 0.028 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.100 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪54.708‬‬ ‫‪-11.094‬‬ ‫‪0.006‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.022 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪79.576‬‬ ‫‪9.077‬‬ ‫‪0.009‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.031‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫‪0.298‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ = )ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ(‪) + 2‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ( ‪2‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦٤‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.454‬‬ ‫‪213.614 0.024‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.084 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-119.874 39.970‬‬ ‫‪0.014 -119.888 0.050‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.864 -251.568 0.028 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.100 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪54.708‬‬ ‫‪-11.094‬‬ ‫‪0.006‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.022 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪79.576‬‬ ‫‪9.077‬‬ ‫‪0.009‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.031‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫‪730.18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫‪0.298‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫‪1 / 2450‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫دﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = )ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ \ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس (‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦٥‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ – اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ وﺿﺒﻂ أرﺻﺎد ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٦٦

 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ وﺿﺒﻂ أرﺻﺎد ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫‪Adjustment of Theodolite Traverse‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮا ﻷﻧﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ ﺗﻜﻮن دﻗﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ أآﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ دﻗﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس‬
‫اﻷﻃﻮال ﻟﺬا ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ‪ Transit Method‬ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ آﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ او آﻼهﻤﺎ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ‬
‫اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ‪.Total station‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﺰاوى ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎوى او ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻷوزان‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺮض اﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎس او ﻓﺮض ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺨﻂ اﻷول ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻮط ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﻴﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺗﻮﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‬
‫وآﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦٧‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ اﻻرﺻﺎد ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول آﺎﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦٨‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪-11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫ﺟﺎ ) زاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف(‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ = ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ ‪x‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦٩‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-119.888‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.892‬‬ ‫‪-251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪-11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫ﺟﺘﺎ ) زاوﻳﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف(‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ = ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ ‪x‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٧٠‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-119.888‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.892‬‬ ‫‪-251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪-11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪303.480‬‬ ‫‪525.279‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪم أﺧﺬ اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻓﻰ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٧١‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-119.888‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.892‬‬ ‫‪-251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪-11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪303.480‬‬ ‫‪525.279‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫ﺧﻄﺄ ﻗﻔﻞ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت )اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى (‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻮط ﻣﻊ أﺧﺬ اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻓﻰ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٧٢‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.117 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-119.888 0.022‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.137 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.006 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.005‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪303.480‬‬ ‫‪525.279‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ = اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ‪ ) x‬ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ \ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى(‬
‫*** ﺗﺪون ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻌﻜﺲ إﺷﺎرة ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٧٣‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪0.005‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.117 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪0.032 -119.888 0.022‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪0.008 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.137 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.006 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪0.021‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.005‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪303.480‬‬ ‫‪525.279‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ = اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ‪ ) x‬ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ \ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى(‬
‫*** ﺗﺪون ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻌﻜﺲ إﺷﺎرة ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٧٤‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪213.646 0.005‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.117 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪39.942‬‬ ‫‪0.032 -119.888 0.022‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-251.530 0.008 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.137 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪-11.109‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.006 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪9.051‬‬ ‫‪0.021‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.005‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪303.480‬‬ ‫‪525.279‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ = اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ‪ +‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٧٥‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.435‬‬ ‫‪213.646 0.005‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.117 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-119.856 39.942‬‬ ‫‪0.032 -119.888 0.022‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.884 -251.530 0.008 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.137 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪54.717‬‬ ‫‪-11.109‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.006 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪79.589‬‬ ‫‪9.051‬‬ ‫‪0.021‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.005‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪303.480‬‬ ‫‪525.279‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ = اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ‪ +‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٧٦‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.435‬‬ ‫‪213.646 0.005‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.117 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪-119.856 39.942‬‬ ‫‪0.032 -119.888 0.022‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.884 -251.530 0.008 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.137 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪54.717‬‬ ‫‪-11.109‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.006 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪79.589‬‬ ‫‪9.051‬‬ ‫‪0.021‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.005‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ا‬
‫‪303.480‬‬ ‫‪525.279‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻷول ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع آﻼ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ = ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٧٧‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.435‬‬ ‫‪213.646 0.005‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.117 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫‪5213.646‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-119.856 39.942‬‬ ‫‪0.032 -119.888 0.022‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫‪5253.588‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.884 -251.530 0.008 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.137 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫‪5002.058‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪54.717‬‬ ‫‪-11.109‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.006 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫‪4990.949‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪79.589‬‬ ‫‪9.051‬‬ ‫‪0.021‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.005‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪303.480‬‬ ‫‪525.279‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ = اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪ +‬اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٧٨‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.435‬‬ ‫‪213.646 0.005‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.117 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫‪1017.435 5213.646‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-119.856 39.942‬‬ ‫‪0.032 -119.888 0.022‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫‪897.578 5253.588‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.884 -251.530 0.008 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.137 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫‪865.695 5002.058‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪54.717‬‬ ‫‪-11.109‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.006 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫‪920.411 4990.949‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪79.589‬‬ ‫‪9.051‬‬ ‫‪0.021‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.005‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪303.480‬‬ ‫‪525.279‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ = اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪ +‬اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٧٩‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.435‬‬ ‫‪213.646 0.005‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.117 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫‪1017.435 5213.646‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-119.856 39.942‬‬ ‫‪0.032 -119.888 0.022‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫‪897.578 5253.588‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.884 -251.530 0.008 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.137 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫‪865.695 5002.058‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪54.717‬‬ ‫‪-11.109‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.006 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫‪920.411 4990.949‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪79.589‬‬ ‫‪9.051‬‬ ‫‪0.021‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.005‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪303.480‬‬ ‫‪525.279‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﺎوى ﻗﻴﻢ اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻷول وﺁﺧﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ )ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ(‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٨٠‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.435‬‬ ‫‪213.646 0.005‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.117 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫‪1017.435 5213.646‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-119.856 39.942‬‬ ‫‪0.032 -119.888 0.022‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫‪897.578 5253.588‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.884 -251.530 0.008 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.137 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫‪865.695 5002.058‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪54.717‬‬ ‫‪-11.109‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.006 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫‪920.411 4990.949‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪79.589‬‬ ‫‪9.051‬‬ ‫‪0.021‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.005‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪303.480‬‬ ‫‪525.279‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫‪0.298‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ = )ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ(‪) + 2‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ( ‪2‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٨١‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺮس اﻟﺘﻴﻮدوﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.435‬‬ ‫‪213.646 0.005‬‬ ‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪0.117 213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ا ب ‪0 214.24‬‬
‫‪1017.435 5213.646‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-119.856 39.942‬‬ ‫‪0.032 -119.888 0.022‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161 35‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ ‪0 126.36‬‬
‫‪897.578 5253.588‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.884 -251.530 0.008 -31.892‬‬ ‫‪0.137 -251.667 262 46‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د ‪40 253.68‬‬
‫‪865.695 5002.058‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪54.717‬‬ ‫‪-11.109‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪54.702‬‬ ‫‪0.006 -11.115 348 30‬‬ ‫د هـ ‪50 55.82‬‬
‫‪920.411 4990.949‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪79.589‬‬ ‫‪9.051‬‬ ‫‪0.021‬‬ ‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪0.005‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪303.480‬‬ ‫‪525.279‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﺪدى ‪730.18‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪-0.081‬‬ ‫‪-0.287‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى‬
‫‪0.298‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫‪1\2450‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬

‫دﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = )ﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ اﻟﻀﻠﻌﻰ \ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس (‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٨٢‬‬
 ‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬- ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٨٣

 ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬
‫أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺮﺻﺪ وﻧﻈﺮا ﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﺎس‬
‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد )ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻃﻮال واﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮط( اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ‪.‬‬
‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﺪد اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻋﻦ اﺛﻨﻴﻦ‪.‬‬

‫اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ إﻣﺎ ان ﺗﻜﻮن‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ واﺣﺪ واﻧﺤﺮاﻓﻪ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ واﻧﺤﺮاف ﺧﻂ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻃﻮل ﺧﻄﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ -٤‬اﻧﺤﺮاف ﺧﻄﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٨٤‬‬
 ‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﺪاول اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻸرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ”ل“ اذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﻮل واﻟﺮﻣﺰ ”هـ“ اذا آﺎﻧﺖ اﻧﺤﺮاف داﺋﺮى‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺧﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻢ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ = ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ = ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫وﺑﺤﻞ هﺎﺗﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻰ‬

‫اﻟﺮﺻﺪﺗﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺘﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٨٥‬‬
 ‫‪-١‬اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪ :‬ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ واﻧﺤﺮاﻓﻪ‬

‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪-119.888‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪126.36‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.892‬‬ ‫‪-251.667‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪253.68‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫ل ﺟﺘﺎهـ‬ ‫ل ﺟﺎهـ‬ ‫هـ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ل ﺟﺎهـ ‪ = ٩٫٠٤٦ + ٢٥١٫٦٦٧ - ٣٩٫٩٢ + ٢١٣٫٥٣ +‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫ل ﺟﺘﺎ هـ ‪ = ٧٩٫٥٦٧ +٣١٫٨٩٢- ١١٩٫٨٨٨ -١٧٫٤٣ +‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٨٦‬‬
 ‫‪-٢‬اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪ :‬ﻃﻮل ﺧﻂ واﻧﺤﺮاف ﺧﻂ ﺁﺧﺮ‬

‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪213.530‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪0 214.24‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪ 161 35‬ل‪ ١‬ﺟﺎ ) ‪ ( ١٦١ ٣٥ ٠‬ل‪ ١‬ﺟﺘﺎ ) ‪( ١٦١ ٣٥ ٠‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ل‪١‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.892‬‬ ‫‪-251.667‬‬ ‫‪262 46 40 253.68‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪55.82‬ﺟﺘﺎ هـ ‪٢‬‬ ‫‪55.82‬ﺟﺎ هـ ‪٢‬‬ ‫هـ ‪٢‬‬ ‫‪55.82‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29 10 80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ل‪ ١‬ﺟﺎ ) ‪٥٥٫٨٢ + ٢٥١٫٦٦٧ - ٢١٣٫٥٣ + ( ١٦١ ٣٥ ٠‬ﺟﺎ هـ ‪ = ٩٫٠٤٦ + ٢‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫ل‪ ١‬ﺟﺘﺎ ) ‪٥٥٫٨٢ +٣١٫٨٩٢- ١٧٫٤٣ + ( ١٦١ ٣٥ ٠‬ﺟﺘﺎ هـ ‪ = ٧٩٫٥٦٧ + ٢‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٨٧‬‬
 ‫‪-٣‬اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪ :‬ﻃﻮل ﺧﻄﻴﻦ‬

‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫‪17.430‬‬ ‫‪213.530‬‬ ‫‪85 20‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪ 161 35‬ل‪ ١‬ﺟﺎ )‪ (١٦١ ٣٥ ٠‬ل‪ ١‬ﺟﺘﺎ )‪(١٦١ ٣٥ ٠‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫ل‪١‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.892‬‬ ‫‪-251.667‬‬ ‫‪262 46 40‬‬ ‫‪253.68‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪ 348 30 50‬ل‪ ٢‬ﺟﺎ )‪ (٣٤٨ ٣٠ ٥٠‬ل‪ ٢‬ﺟﺘﺎ )‪(٣٤٨ ٣٠ ٥٠‬‬ ‫ل‪٢‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29 10‬‬ ‫‪80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫ل‪ ١‬ﺟﺎ )‪ + (١٦١ ٣٥ ٠‬ل‪ ٢‬ﺟﺎ )‪ = ٩٫٠٤٦ + ٢٥١٫٦٦٧ - ٢١٣٫٥٣ + (٣٤٨ ٣٠ ٥٠‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫ل‪ ١‬ﺟﺘﺎ )‪ + (١٦١ ٣٥ ٠‬ل‪ ٢‬ﺟﺘﺎ )‪ = ٧٩٫٥٦٧ +٣١٫٨٩٢- ١٧٫٤٣ + (٣٤٨ ٣٠ ٥٠‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٨٨‬‬
 ‫‪ -٤‬اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪ :‬اﻧﺤﺮاف ﺧﻄﻴﻦ‬

‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔاﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪214.24‬ﺟﺎهـ‪214.24 ١‬ﺟﺘﺎهـ‪١‬‬ ‫هـ‪١‬‬ ‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪-119.888‬‬ ‫‪39.920‬‬ ‫‪161‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪126.36‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.892‬‬ ‫‪-251.667‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪253.68‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪55.82‬ﺟﺎهـ‪55.82 ٢‬ﺟﺘﺎهـ‪٢‬‬ ‫هـ‪٢‬‬ ‫‪55.82‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪79.567‬‬ ‫‪9.046‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻮع‬
‫‪214.24‬ﺟﺎهـ‪٥٥٫٨٢ + ٢٥١٫٦٦٧ - ٣٩٫٩٢ + ١‬ﺟﺎهـ ‪ = ٩٫٠٤٦ + ٢‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫‪214.24‬ﺟﺎهـ‪٥٥٫٨٢ + ٣١٫٨٩٢- ١١٩٫٨٨٨ - ١‬ﺟﺘﺎهـ‪ = ٧٩٫٥٦٧+ ٢‬ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٨٩‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ وﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٩٠

 ‫ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬-١
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻃﻮال واﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮط‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٩١

 ‫‪ -١‬آﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻃﻮال واﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮط‬

‫ش‬
‫"‪85°20’ 00‬‬
‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬

‫‪85 20 0‬‬ ‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫اب‬

‫‪161 35 0‬‬ ‫‪126.36‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪262 46 40‬‬ ‫‪253.68‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪348 30 50‬‬ ‫‪55.82‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29 10‬‬ ‫‪80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٩٢‬‬
 ‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻃﻮال واﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮط‬

‫ش‬
‫ش‬ ‫"‪161°35’ 00‬‬
‫"‪85°20’ 00‬‬
‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬

‫‪126.‬‬
‫‪85 20 0‬‬ ‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪161 35 0‬‬ ‫‪126.36‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬

‫‪36‬‬
‫‪262 46 40‬‬ ‫‪253.68‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪348 30 50‬‬ ‫‪55.82‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29 10‬‬ ‫‪80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٩٣‬‬
 ‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻃﻮال واﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮط‬

‫ش‬
‫ش‬ ‫"‪161°35’ 00‬‬
‫"‪85°20’ 00‬‬
‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬

‫‪126.‬‬
‫‪85 20 0‬‬ ‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪161 35 0‬‬ ‫‪126.36‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬

‫‪36‬‬
‫ش‬ ‫‪262 46 40‬‬ ‫‪253.68‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪348 30 50‬‬ ‫‪55.82‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29 10‬‬ ‫‪80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪253.68‬‬
‫"‪262°46’ 40‬‬
‫د‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٩٤‬‬
 ‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻃﻮال واﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮط‬

‫ش‬
‫ش‬ ‫"‪161°35’ 00‬‬
‫"‪85°20’ 00‬‬
‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬

‫‪126.‬‬
‫‪85 20 0‬‬ ‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪161 35 0‬‬ ‫‪126.36‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬

‫‪36‬‬
‫ش‬ ‫‪262 46 40‬‬ ‫‪253.68‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪348 30 50‬‬ ‫‪55.82‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫هـ‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29 10‬‬ ‫‪80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ش‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪55.82‬‬

‫‪253.68‬‬
‫"‪262°46’ 40‬‬
‫د‬
‫"‪348°30’ 50‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٩٥‬‬
 ‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻃﻮال واﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﻮط‬

‫ش‬
‫ش‬ ‫"‪161°35’ 00‬‬
‫"‪85°20’ 00‬‬
‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬

‫‪126.‬‬
‫‪85 20 0‬‬ ‫‪214.24‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪80.08‬‬

‫ش‬ ‫‪161 35 0‬‬ ‫‪126.36‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬

‫‪36‬‬
‫ش‬ ‫‪262 46 40‬‬ ‫‪253.68‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫"‪6°29’ 10‬‬ ‫‪348 30 50‬‬ ‫‪55.82‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫هـ‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪29 10‬‬ ‫‪80.08‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫ش‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪55.82‬‬

‫‪253.68‬‬
‫"‪262°46’ 40‬‬
‫د‬
‫"‪348°30’ 50‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٩٦‬‬
 ‫ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬-٢

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٩٧

 ‫‪ -٢‬آﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫ص‬
‫ش‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪1000‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫ا‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.435 5213.646‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪950‬‬
‫‪897.578‬‬ ‫‪5253.588‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪900‬‬ ‫‪865.695‬‬ ‫‪5002.058‬‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺟـ‬ ‫‪920.411‬‬ ‫‪4990.949‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪850‬‬ ‫د‬
‫س‬

‫‪5300‬‬
‫‪5000‬‬

‫‪5050‬‬

‫‪5100‬‬

‫‪5150‬‬

‫‪5200‬‬

‫‪5250‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٩٨‬‬
 ‫ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬-٣

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٩٩

 ‫‪ -٣‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = ½ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ] اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪x‬‬

‫)اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪ -‬اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ( [‬

‫أو ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس = ½ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ] اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪x‬‬

‫)اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪ -‬اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ([‬

‫* ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ان ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬

‫* ﺗﻬﻤﻞ اﻹﺷﺎرة اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس =‬
‫½ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ] اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪)x‬اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪ -‬اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ( [‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٠١‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫ا‬

‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٠٢‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٠٣‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪-102.420‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٠٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪-102.420‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-151.739‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٠٥‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪-102.420‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-151.739‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪22.844‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٠٦‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪-102.420‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-151.739‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪22.844‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪134.285‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٠٧‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪-102.420‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-151.739‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪22.844‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪134.285‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪97.030‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٠٨‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪-533980.633‬‬ ‫‪-102.420‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-151.739‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪22.844‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪134.285‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪97.030‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٠٩‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪-533980.633‬‬ ‫‪-102.420‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-797170.93‬‬ ‫‪-151.739‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪22.844‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪134.285‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪97.030‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١١٠‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪-533980.633‬‬ ‫‪-102.420‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-797170.93‬‬ ‫‪-151.739‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪114266.862‬‬ ‫‪22.844‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪134.285‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪97.030‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١١١‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪-533980.633‬‬ ‫‪-102.420‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-797170.93‬‬ ‫‪-151.739‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪114266.862‬‬ ‫‪22.844‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪670203.746‬‬ ‫‪134.285‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪97.030‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١١٢‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪-533980.633‬‬ ‫‪-102.420‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-797170.93‬‬ ‫‪-151.739‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪114266.862‬‬ ‫‪22.844‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪670203.746‬‬ ‫‪134.285‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪485151.196‬‬ ‫‪97.030‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١١٣‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪-533980.633‬‬ ‫‪-102.420‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-797170.93‬‬ ‫‪-151.739‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪114266.862‬‬ ‫‪22.844‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪670203.746‬‬ ‫‪134.285‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪485151.196‬‬ ‫‪97.030‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-61529.7595‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫‪-30764.8797‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١١٤‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس =‬
‫½ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ] اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪) x‬اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪ -‬اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ([‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١١٥‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫ا‬

‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١١٦‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١١٧‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪253.584‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١١٨‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪253.584‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-211.598‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١١٩‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪253.584‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-211.598‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪-262.661‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٢٠‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪253.584‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-211.598‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪-262.661‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪-2.016‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٢١‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪253.584‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-211.598‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪-262.661‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪-2.016‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪222.691‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٢٢‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪258009.825‬‬ ‫‪253.584‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-211.598‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪-262.661‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪-2.016‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪222.691‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٢٣‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪258009.825‬‬ ‫‪253.584‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-189925.868‬‬ ‫‪-211.598‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪-262.661‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪-2.016‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪222.691‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٢٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪258009.825‬‬ ‫‪253.584‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-189925.868‬‬ ‫‪-211.598‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪-227389.905‬‬ ‫‪-262.661‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪-2.016‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪222.691‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٢٥‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪258009.825‬‬ ‫‪253.584‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-189925.868‬‬ ‫‪-211.598‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪-227389.905‬‬ ‫‪-262.661‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪-1855.64393‬‬ ‫‪-2.016‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪222.691‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٢٦‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪258009.825‬‬ ‫‪253.584‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-189925.868‬‬ ‫‪-211.598‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪-227389.905‬‬ ‫‪-262.661‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪-1855.64393‬‬ ‫‪-2.016‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪222691.351‬‬ ‫‪222.691‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٢٧‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪ x‬ﻓﺮق‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ) اﻟﻼﺣﻖ ‪-‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ(‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪258009.825‬‬ ‫‪253.584‬‬ ‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪-189925.868‬‬ ‫‪-211.598‬‬ ‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬

‫‪-227389.905‬‬ ‫‪-262.661‬‬ ‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬

‫‪-1855.64393‬‬ ‫‪-2.016‬‬ ‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬

‫‪222691.351‬‬ ‫‪222.691‬‬ ‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪61529.7595‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫‪30764.8797‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٢٨‬‬
 ‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ =‬

‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى ) اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺿﻠﻊ ‪ x‬اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻀﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ(‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٢٩‬‬
 ‫ش‬
‫ب‬
1000 ‫ا‬

950
‫هـ‬
900 ‫ﺟـ‬
‫د‬
850
‫س‬

5300
5100

5150

5200
5050

5250
5000

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٣٠
 ‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪5106.807‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪5233.599‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪5127.800‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪4996.469‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪4995.461‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٣١‬‬
 ‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪17.454‬‬ ‫‪5106.807‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-119.874‬‬ ‫‪5233.599‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-31.864‬‬ ‫‪5127.800‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪54.708‬‬ ‫‪4996.469‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪79.576‬‬ ‫‪4995.461‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٣٢‬‬
 ‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪89134.002‬‬ ‫‪17.454‬‬ ‫‪5106.807‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-627374.523‬‬ ‫‪-119.874‬‬ ‫‪5233.599‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-163392.735‬‬ ‫‪-31.864‬‬ ‫‪5127.800‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪273348.153‬‬ ‫‪54.708‬‬ ‫‪4996.469‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪397520.222‬‬ ‫‪79.576‬‬ ‫‪4995.461‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٣٣‬‬
 ‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪89134.002‬‬ ‫‪17.454‬‬ ‫‪5106.807‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪-627374.523‬‬ ‫‪-119.874‬‬ ‫‪5233.599‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-163392.735‬‬ ‫‪-31.864‬‬ ‫‪5127.800‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪273348.153‬‬ ‫‪54.708‬‬ ‫‪4996.469‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪397520.222‬‬ ‫‪79.576‬‬ ‫‪4995.461‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪-30764.880‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٣٤‬‬
 ‫أو ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ =‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺠﺒﺮى ) اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺿﻠﻊ ‪ x‬اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻀﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷﻓﻘﻰ(‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٣٥‬‬
 ‫ش‬
‫ب‬
1000 ‫ا‬

950
‫هـ‬
900
‫ﺟـ‬
‫د‬
850
‫س‬

5300
5100

5150

5200
5050

5250
5000

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٣٦
 ‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫اب‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫د هـ‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٣٧‬‬
 ‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪1008.727‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪957.517‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪881.648‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪893.070‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪960.212‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٣٨‬‬
 ‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪213.614‬‬ ‫‪1008.727‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪39.970‬‬ ‫‪957.517‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-251.568‬‬ ‫‪881.648‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪-11.094‬‬ ‫‪893.070‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪9.077‬‬ ‫‪960.212‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٣٩‬‬
 ‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪215478.089‬‬ ‫‪213.614‬‬ ‫‪1008.727‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪38271.848‬‬ ‫‪39.970‬‬ ‫‪957.517‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-221794.043‬‬ ‫‪-251.568‬‬ ‫‪881.648‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪-9907.305‬‬ ‫‪-11.094‬‬ ‫‪893.070‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪8716.291‬‬ ‫‪9.077‬‬ ‫‪960.212‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٤٠‬‬
 ‫‪ -٤‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﻓﻴﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت‬

‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺨﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻰ‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪215478.089‬‬ ‫‪213.614‬‬ ‫‪1008.727‬‬ ‫اب‬
‫‪1017.454 5213.614‬‬ ‫ب‬
‫‪38271.848‬‬ ‫‪39.970‬‬ ‫‪957.517‬‬ ‫ب ﺟـ‬
‫‪897.580 5253.584‬‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪-221794.043‬‬ ‫‪-251.568‬‬ ‫‪881.648‬‬ ‫ﺟـ د‬
‫‪865.715 5002.016‬‬ ‫د‬
‫‪-9907.305‬‬ ‫‪-11.094‬‬ ‫‪893.070‬‬ ‫د هـ‬
‫‪920.424 4990.923‬‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪8716.291‬‬ ‫‪9.077‬‬ ‫‪960.212‬‬ ‫هـ ا‬
‫‪1000.000 5000.000‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫‪30764.880‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٤١‬‬
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E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٤٢