‫ع‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮات اﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫ع‪٣‬‬

‫ع‪١‬‬
‫‪E – Learning courses‬‬
‫ع‪٤‬س‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺠﻮم‬
‫‪Calculation of Volumes‬‬

‫أ‪ .‬د‪ /‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻐﺮﺑﻰ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﺪﻧﻰ ‪ -‬هﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻷزهﺮ‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ واﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣

 ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬

H H
L
L W B
L L

‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺘﻮازى‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻬﺮم‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت‬
L3 (1/3)BH
LWH
‫= ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬B

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤

 ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬

r2
H r r3 r1
r

‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﺮة‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‬

‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى‬
=π r2 H = (4/3) π r3
= (4/3) r1 r2 r3
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٥
 ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬

r2 A2

H H H
r r1
A1

‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺮوط‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺮوط اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻬﺮم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‬

= (1/3) π r2 H = (1/3)π H = (H/3)(A1 + A2 +
(r12 + r1r2 + r22) (A1A2)½)

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٦

 ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬

‫‪A2‬‬ ‫‪h2‬‬
‫‪H‬‬
‫‪Am‬‬ ‫‪h1‬‬ ‫‪h3‬‬
‫‪A1‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪h4‬‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮر اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺘﻮازى اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‬

‫)‪= (H/6)(A1 + 4 Am + A2‬‬ ‫‪= A (h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 )/4‬‬
‫‪ =Am‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫‪ =A‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬

‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ واﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٨

 ‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪة‬
‫ﻃﻮﻟﻴﺎ وﻋﺮﺿﻴﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻄﺮق واﻷﻧﻔﺎق وﺣﻔﺮ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ واﻟﺘﺮع‬
‫واﻟﻤﺼﺎرف واﻟﻜﺒﺎرى وﺧﻼﻓﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫وﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ اﻟﻰ ﻋﺪة أﺟﺰاء آﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺿﻴﻴﻦ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎر ان اﻷرض ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ هﺬﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - ٢‬ﻳﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ آﻞ ﻗﻄﺎع ﻋﺮﺿﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﺤﺴﺐ ﺣﺠﻢ آﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس أﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺸﻮر‬
‫ﻣﺠﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – ٤‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺣﺠﻢ آﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻰ ﻟﻤﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ – اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ١٠

 ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻴﻮل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻰ ‪ :‬هﻮ ﻇﻞ زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻰ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻰ وﻳﺮﻣﺰ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ : ١‬ن )‪ ١‬رأﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ن أﻓﻘﻰ( أى ﻣﺎ ﻳﺬآﺮ أوﻻ هﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻇﺎ هـ = ∆ ص \∆س‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ∆ ص = ‪∆ ، ١‬س = ن‬
‫هـ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - ١‬ﻋﺮض ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ب ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ‬
‫‪ – ٢‬ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ أو اﻟﺮدم ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ع‬
‫‪ - ٣‬وﻣﻴﻮل ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ : ١‬ن‪.‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪:١‬‬

‫‪:‬ن‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫ع‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫ن‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬
‫نع‬ ‫نع‬

‫ب‪١‬‬

‫م = ع ‪) .‬ب ‪ +‬ب‪ = ٢ \ (١‬ع ‪) .‬ب ‪ +‬ب ‪ ٢ +‬ن ‪ .‬ع(\‪ = ٢‬ع ‪) .‬ب ‪ +‬ن ‪ .‬ع(‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬
 ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ : ١‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺮدم ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ‪ ١٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ وارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺮدم‬
‫‪ ٦‬ﻣﺘﺮ وﻣﻴﻮﻟﻪ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ‪.٣ : ٢‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻴﻞ ‪ ٢) ٣ : ٢‬رأﺳﻰ ‪ ٣ ،‬أﻓﻘﻰ( أى أن ن = ‪٢\٣‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ = ع ‪) .‬ب ‪ +‬ن ‪ .‬ع( = ‪ ١١٤ = (٢\٣) x ٦ + ١٠ ) ٦‬م‪٢‬‬

‫‪١٠‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣:‬‬
‫‪٣:‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻘﻄﺎع ردم‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬
 ‫”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ : ٢‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ‪ ١٤‬ﻣﺘﺮ وارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺮدم ‪ ٢‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫وﻣﻴﻮﻟﻪ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ‪.٤ : ١‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻴﻞ ‪ ١) ٤ : ١‬رأﺳﻰ ‪ ٤ ،‬أﻓﻘﻰ( أى أن ن = ‪٤‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ = ع ‪) .‬ب ‪ +‬ن ‪ .‬ع( = ‪ ٤٤ = ( ٢ x ٤ + ١٤ ) ٢‬م‪٢‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٤:‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٤:١‬‬
‫‪١٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﺣﻔﺮ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ : ٣‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬اذا آﺎن‬
‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻰ = ‪ ٤‬م وﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﻪ = ‪ ١٥‬م واﻟﻤﻴﻮل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ‪١:١‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ٤‬م‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول‪.‬‬
‫‪CL‬‬
‫‪١:‬‬

‫)‪ ١٥+‬م(‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪17.0 17.2 16.5 16.2 16.0 16.0 16.5 16.8 17.0‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ : ٣‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬اذا آﺎن‬
‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻰ = ‪ ٤‬م وﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﻪ = ‪ ١٥‬م واﻟﻤﻴﻮل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ‪١:١‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ٤‬م‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول‪.‬‬
‫‪CL‬‬
‫‪١:‬‬

‫)‪ ١٥+‬م(‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪17.0 17.2 16.5 16.2 16.0 16.0 16.5 16.8 17.0‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪17.0 16.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 16.0 17.0‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻮب اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻰ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ : ٣‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬اذا آﺎن‬
‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻰ = ‪ ٤‬م وﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﻪ = ‪ ١٥‬م واﻟﻤﻴﻮل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ‪١:١‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ٤‬م‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول‪.‬‬
‫‪CL‬‬
‫‪١:‬‬

‫)‪ ١٥+‬م(‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪17.0 17.2 16.5 16.2 16.0 16.0 16.5 16.8 17.0‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪17.0 16.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 16.0 17.0‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻮب اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻰ‬
‫‪0.0 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.0‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ : ٣‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬اذا آﺎن‬
‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻰ = ‪ ٤‬م وﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﻪ = ‪ ١٥‬م واﻟﻤﻴﻮل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ‪١:١‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ٤‬م‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول‪.‬‬
‫‪CL‬‬
‫‪١:‬‬

‫)‪ ١٥+‬م(‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ‪17.0 17.2 16.5 16.2 16.0 16.0 16.5 16.8 17.0‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻮب اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻰ ‪17.0 16.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 16.0 17.0‬‬
‫‪0.0 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.0‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫= ½ ))ﺻﻔﺮ ‪+‬ﺻﻔﺮ( ‪(١٫٢ + ١٫٥ + ١٫٢ + ١ + ١ + ١٫٥ + ٠٫٨)٢ +‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ : ٣‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬اذا آﺎن‬
‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻰ = ‪ ٤‬م وﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﻪ = ‪ ١٥‬م واﻟﻤﻴﻮل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ‪١:١‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ٤‬م‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول‪.‬‬
‫‪CL‬‬
‫‪١:‬‬

‫)‪ ١٥+‬م(‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ‪17.0 17.2 16.5 16.2 16.0 16.0 16.5 16.8 17.0‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻮب اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻰ ‪17.0 16.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 16.0 17.0‬‬
‫‪0.0 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.0‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫= ½ ))ﺻﻔﺮ ‪+‬ﺻﻔﺮ( ‪(١٫٢ + ١٫٥ + ١٫٢ + ١ + ١ + ١٫٥ + ٠٫٨)٢ +‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ = اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ * اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ = ‪ ١٦٤٠ = ٢٠٠ * ٨٫٢‬م‪٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺜﺎل ‪: ٣‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﻓﺮق ال ‪ X‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪4.0‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪7.0‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪CL‬‬
‫‪١ ٢‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪8.0‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪١:‬‬
‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪٤ ٥‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١:‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺜﺎل ‪: ٣‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﻓﺮق ال ‪ X‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪4.0‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪7.0‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪CL‬‬
‫‪١ ٢‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫‪-1.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪8.0‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪-6.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪١:‬‬
‫‪-6.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪٤ ٥‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١:‬‬
‫‪-2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺜﺎل ‪: ٣‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﻓﺮق ال ‪ X‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪4.4‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪4.0‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪3.6‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪7.0‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪CL‬‬
‫‪١ ٢‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫‪-2.0‬‬ ‫‪-1.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪8.0‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪-6.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪١:‬‬
‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪-6.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪٤ ٥‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١:‬‬
‫‪-4.0‬‬ ‫‪-2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺜﺎل ‪: ٣‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﻓﺮق ال ‪ X‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪4.4‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪4.0‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪3.6‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪7.0‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪CL‬‬
‫‪١ ٢‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫‪-2.0‬‬ ‫‪-1.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪8.0‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪-6.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪١:‬‬
‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪-6.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪٤ ٥‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١:‬‬
‫‪-4.0‬‬ ‫‪-2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪0.0‬‬
‫‪16.4‬‬
‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪8.2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺜﺎل ‪: ٣‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﻓﺮق ال ‪ X‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ وﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪4.4‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪4.0‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪3.6‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪7.0‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪CL‬‬
‫‪١ ٢‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫‪-2.0‬‬ ‫‪-1.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪8.0‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪-6.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪١:‬‬
‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪-6.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪٤ ٥‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١:‬‬
‫‪-4.0‬‬ ‫‪-2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪0.0‬‬
‫‪16.4‬‬
‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪8.2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫‪1640‬‬ ‫‪8.2 *200‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬
 ‫اﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﺤﺠﻮم ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬

:‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻃﺮق ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬

‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬-١
Mean Area method
‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺗﻴﻦ‬-٢
Average End Area method /Trapezoidal method

‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮر اﻟﻤﺠﺴﻢ‬-٣

Prismoidal Rule

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٥

 ‫‪ -١‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬
‫‪Mean Area method‬‬

‫م‪٢‬‬ ‫م‪١‬‬

‫م‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪد اﻷﻗﺴﺎم ن‬

‫ف‬
‫ف‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ن‪١+‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ = ف‬

‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ = )ف ‪ x‬ن( ])م‪ +١‬م‪ + ٢‬م‪ +...... + ٣‬م ن‪) \ (١+‬ن ‪[ ( ١ +‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٦‬‬
 ‫‪ -٢‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺗﻴﻦ )ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﻮازى اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت(‬
‫‪Average End Area method /Trapezoidal method‬‬

‫م‪١‬‬

‫م‪٢‬‬
‫م‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪد اﻷﻗﺴﺎم ن‬
‫ف‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ن‪١+‬‬
‫ف‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ = ف‬

‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ = )½ف(])م‪ + ١‬م ن‪٢+ ( ١+‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ) م‪ + ٢‬م‪ +...... + ٣‬م ن ([‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬
 ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮر اﻟﻤﺠﺴﻢ‬-٣
Prismoidal Rule

١‫م‬
‫مم‬

١+‫من‬
‫ف‬
‫ف‬
‫ م م ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬-

[ (١+‫ م ن‬+ ‫م‬ ‫ م‬٤ + ١‫ ( ])م‬٦ \ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ = )ف‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٢٨

 ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺳﻤﺒﺴﻮن ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬
‫هﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮر اﻟﻤﺠﺴﻢ‬

‫م‪١‬‬
‫مم‬

‫من‪١+‬‬
‫ف‬
‫ف‬ ‫‪ -‬م م ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﺮط ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﺪد أﻗﺴﺎم زوﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻓﺮدﻳﺎ(‬

‫[‬ ‫اﻟﺰوﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ = )ف\‪)](٣‬م‪ + ١‬م ن‪ ٢ + (١+‬م اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ ‪ ٤ +‬م‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ – اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣٠

 ‫رﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ وﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ‪:Profile‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺧﻂ ﻃﻮﻟﻰ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺧﻂ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻰ وﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺮ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻣﺎ ان ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ أو أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ اﺟﺰاء آﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﻂ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ )ﺧﻂ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ – ﺧﻂ ﺳﻜﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ –‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ان ﺗﺘﺴﺎوى ﺑﻪ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺮدم إن أﻣﻜﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬وﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ آﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ س ‪) ١٠٠ :‬س رأﺳﻰ‪١٠٠ ،‬‬
‫أﻓﻘﻰ(‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣١‬‬
 ‫”ﺗﺎﻳﻊ“ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ وﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮدم‪ :‬هﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻌﻠﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﻦ اﻷرض‬

‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‪ :‬هﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﻦ‬

‫اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ أﻓﻘﻰ ورأﺳﻰ‬

‫ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ آﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬
 ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻔﺮ او ردم‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ : ٤‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﻔﻖ إذا آﺎن ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬
‫= ‪ ٨٫٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ واﻧﺤﺪارﻩ ‪ %١‬ﻷﺳﻔﻞ وﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻓﻰ أول ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ‪ ٥٫١٠‬ﻣﺘﺮا وﺟﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﻨﻔﻖ رأﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺄن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬
 ٢٢
٢١
٢٠
١٩
١٨
١٧
١٦
١٥
١٤
240 200 160 120 80 40 0 ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻷﻓﻘﻰ واﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٣٤
 ‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬
‫ﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫‪١٩‬‬
‫‪١٨‬‬
‫‪١٧‬‬
‫‪١٦‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪١٤‬‬
‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪20.56‬‬ ‫‪20.47‬‬ ‫‪20.82‬‬ ‫‪21.09‬‬ ‫‪21.40‬‬ ‫‪21.85‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ‪22.22‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ )اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ ‪(Profile‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬
 ‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬
‫ﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫‪١٩‬‬
‫‪١٨‬‬
‫‪١٧‬‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
‫ء ‪١٠٠ : ١‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪١٤‬‬
‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪20.56‬‬ ‫‪20.47‬‬ ‫‪20.82‬‬ ‫‪21.09‬‬ ‫‪21.40‬‬ ‫‪21.85‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ‪22.22‬‬
‫‪14.72‬‬ ‫‪15.12‬‬ ‫‪15.52‬‬ ‫‪15.92‬‬ ‫‪16.32‬‬ ‫‪16.72‬‬ ‫‪17.12‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬

‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء ‪ ١٠٠ : ١‬ﻷﺳﻔﻞ )آﻞ ‪ ٤٠‬م ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﻢ ‪ ٤٠‬ﺳﻢ ﻷﺳﻔﻞ(‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬
 ‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬
‫ﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫‪١٩‬‬
‫‪١٨‬‬
‫‪١٧‬‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
‫ء ‪١٠٠ : ١‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪١٤‬‬
‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪20.56‬‬ ‫‪20.47‬‬ ‫‪20.82‬‬ ‫‪21.09‬‬ ‫‪21.40‬‬ ‫‪21.85‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ‪22.22‬‬
‫‪14.72‬‬ ‫‪15.12‬‬ ‫‪15.52‬‬ ‫‪15.92‬‬ ‫‪16.32‬‬ ‫‪16.72‬‬ ‫‪17.12‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬
‫‪5.84‬‬ ‫‪5.35‬‬ ‫‪5.30‬‬ ‫‪5.17‬‬ ‫‪5.08‬‬ ‫‪5.13‬‬ ‫‪5.10‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬

‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ = ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ – ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬
 ‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬
‫ﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫‪١٩‬‬
‫‪١٨‬‬
‫‪١٧‬‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
‫ء ‪١٠٠ : ١‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪١٤‬‬
‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪20.56‬‬ ‫‪20.47‬‬ ‫‪20.82‬‬ ‫‪21.09‬‬ ‫‪21.40‬‬ ‫‪21.85‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ‪22.22‬‬
‫‪14.72‬‬ ‫‪15.12‬‬ ‫‪15.52‬‬ ‫‪15.92‬‬ ‫‪16.32‬‬ ‫‪16.72‬‬ ‫‪17.12‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬
‫‪5.84‬‬ ‫‪5.35‬‬ ‫‪5.30‬‬ ‫‪5.17‬‬ ‫‪5.08‬‬ ‫‪5.13‬‬ ‫‪5.10‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪46.72‬‬ ‫‪42.80‬‬ ‫‪42.40‬‬ ‫‪41.36‬‬ ‫‪40.64‬‬ ‫‪41.04‬‬ ‫‪40.80‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ)ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ‪ ٨‬م وارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻪ=ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ(‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٨‬‬
 ‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬
‫ﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫‪١٩‬‬
‫‪١٨‬‬
‫‪١٧‬‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
‫ء ‪١٠٠ : ١‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪١٤‬‬
‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪20.56‬‬ ‫‪20.47‬‬ ‫‪20.82‬‬ ‫‪21.09‬‬ ‫‪21.40‬‬ ‫‪21.85‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ‪22.22‬‬
‫‪14.72‬‬ ‫‪15.12‬‬ ‫‪15.52‬‬ ‫‪15.92‬‬ ‫‪16.32‬‬ ‫‪16.72‬‬ ‫‪17.12‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬
‫‪5.84‬‬ ‫‪5.35‬‬ ‫‪5.30‬‬ ‫‪5.17‬‬ ‫‪5.08‬‬ ‫‪5.13‬‬ ‫‪5.10‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪46.72‬‬ ‫‪42.80‬‬ ‫‪42.40‬‬ ‫‪41.36‬‬ ‫‪40.64‬‬ ‫‪41.04‬‬ ‫‪40.80‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪1790.4‬‬ ‫‪1704‬‬ ‫‪1675.2‬‬ ‫‪1640‬‬ ‫‪1633.6‬‬ ‫‪1636.8‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ = ½ )ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ‪ + ١‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ‪ ٤٠ * ( ٢‬م‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٣٩‬‬
 ‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﻄ‬ ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬
‫ﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫‪١٩‬‬
‫‪١٨‬‬
‫‪١٧‬‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻹ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﺧ‬
‫ء ‪١٠٠ : ١‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪١٤‬‬
‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪20.56‬‬ ‫‪20.47‬‬ ‫‪20.82‬‬ ‫‪21.09‬‬ ‫‪21.40‬‬ ‫‪21.85‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺔ ‪22.22‬‬
‫‪14.72‬‬ ‫‪15.12‬‬ ‫‪15.52‬‬ ‫‪15.92‬‬ ‫‪16.32‬‬ ‫‪16.72‬‬ ‫‪17.12‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬
‫‪5.84‬‬ ‫‪5.35‬‬ ‫‪5.30‬‬ ‫‪5.17‬‬ ‫‪5.08‬‬ ‫‪5.13‬‬ ‫‪5.10‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪46.72‬‬ ‫‪42.80‬‬ ‫‪42.40‬‬ ‫‪41.36‬‬ ‫‪40.64‬‬ ‫‪41.04‬‬ ‫‪40.80‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪1790.4‬‬ ‫‪1704‬‬ ‫‪1675.2‬‬ ‫‪1640‬‬ ‫‪1633.6‬‬ ‫‪1636.8‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪10080‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ اﻟﻜﻠﻰ = ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬
 ‫”ﺗﺎﺑﻊ“ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﺣﻔﺮ وأﺧﺮى ردم‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ : ٥‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﻔﻖ إذا آﺎن ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬
‫= ‪ ٨٫٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ واﻧﺤﺪارﻩ ‪ %٢٫٥‬ﻷﻋﻠﻰ وﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻓﻰ أول ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ‪ ٥٫١٠‬ﻣﺘﺮا وﺟﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﻨﻔﻖ رأﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺄن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪) :‬اﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺜﺎل‬
‫رﻗﻢ ‪(٤‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤١‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ردم‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
‫‪١٠٠‬‬
‫‪: ٢٫‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫ﺎء ‪٥‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬
‫اﻹﻧﺸ‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬
‫ﺧﻂ‬
‫‪١٧‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ ﺧﻂ اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ وﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٢‬‬
 ‫‪23.12 20.56 240‬‬

‫‪22.12 20.47 200‬‬

‫‪21.12 20.82 160‬‬

‫‪0.97 20.12 21.09 120‬‬

‫‪80‬‬

‫‪40‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪3.7 18.12 21.85‬‬

‫‪5.1 17.12 22.22‬‬

‫‪21.4‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬

‫‪2.3 19.12‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﺧﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬

‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪2.6‬‬

‫‪1.7‬‬

‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺮدم‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪7.76‬‬

‫‪18.2‬‬

‫‪29.8‬‬

‫‪40.8‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪20.5‬‬

‫‪13.2‬‬

‫‪2.4‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺮدم‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪118.53‬‬

‫‪1412.8‬‬
‫‪961.6‬‬
‫‪520‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪11.3‬‬
‫‪674‬‬

‫‪312‬‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺮدم‬
‫‪3012.934‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﻔ ﺮ‬
‫‪996.94‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻰ ﻟﻠ ﺮدم‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٣‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ س ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﺗﻘﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ١٦٠، ١٢٠‬م‬
‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻰ ‪ ١٢٠‬م = ‪ ٠٫٩٧‬م‬
‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺮدم ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻰ ‪ ١٦٠‬م = ‪ ٠٫٣٠‬م‬
‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ س ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎع ﺻﻔﺮ )ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ = اﻟﺮدم(‬

‫‪٠٫٩٧‬‬
‫س‬ ‫‪٠٫٩٧‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ - ٤٠‬س‬ ‫‪٠٫٣٠‬‬
‫‪٠٫٣٠‬‬
‫‪ ٣٠٫٥٥‬م‬ ‫س=‬
‫‪ -٤٠‬س‬ ‫س‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬
 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم اذا آﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ رأﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ : ٧ -٦‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﻦ أرﻗﺎم ‪ ٥ ، ٤‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻮل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻖ ‪. ٢ : ١‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ .‬أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ رﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎع ﺳﻮاء آﺎن ﺣﻔﺮ او ردم‪ ١) .‬رأﺳﻰ‪ ٢ ،‬أﻓﻘﻰ(‬

‫‪٤ + ٨‬ع‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻰ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم‪:‬‬

‫‪٢‬ع‬ ‫‪٢‬ع‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬
‫ع ﺣﻔﺮ‬ ‫= ع ))‪٤ + ٨ + ٨‬ع( \ ‪(٢‬‬
‫‪٢:١‬‬ ‫= ‪ ٢‬ع‪ ٨ + ٢‬ع‬
‫‪٨‬م‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٢:‬‬ ‫ردم‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻌﻮض ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ع اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ آﻞ ﻗﻄﺎع ﻋﺮﺿﻰ‬
‫‪CL‬‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٥‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٤٦

 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ \ اﻟﻤﺰاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫‪/ Grid leveling / Borrow pit method Spot heights‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ .‬وﺗﺘﻠﺨﺺ اﺟﺮاءات ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬهﺎ ﻓﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﻘﺴﻢ اﻷرض اﻟﻰ أﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت أو ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻼت أو ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺎت ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫أﺑﻌﺎدهﺎ وأﺷﻜﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ وﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻷرض‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺠﺮى أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ أرآﺎن اﻷﺷﻜﺎل‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺤﺪد ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ ) أﻓﻘﻰ أو ﻣﺎﺋﻞ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ وﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ آﻞ رآﻦ ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻔﺮوق ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺪون ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول ﻓﺮق اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب وﻋﺪد ﻣﺮات وﺟﻮدﻩ ﻓﻰ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة )ﻋﺪد‬
‫ﻣﺮات اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ داﺧﻞ آﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٧‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺰاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮر اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‬
‫س ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ أو اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ(‬
‫ع‪٢‬‬
‫ع‪٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ = )س \ ‪ ) (٤‬ع‪ + ١‬ع‪ + ٢‬ع‪ + ٣‬ع‪(٤‬‬
‫ع‪١‬‬
‫ع‪٤‬‬
‫س‬ ‫وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ = )س \ ‪ ) (٣‬ع‪ + ١‬ع‪ + ٢‬ع‪( ٣‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٨‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺎم‪ :‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ = )س \ ‪ ) (٤‬ع‪٢ + ١‬ع‪٣ + ٢‬ع‪٤ + ٣‬ع‪(٤‬‬
‫وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ = )س \ ‪ ) (٣‬ع‪٢ + ١‬ع‪٣ + ٢‬ع‪٨ + ....... + ٣‬ع‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ع‪٤‬‬ ‫س‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )ﻣﺮﺑﻊ أو ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ أو ﻣﺜﻠﺚ (‬
‫ع‪ : ١‬اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺮرة ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة‬
‫ع‪ : ٢‬اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺮرة ﻣﺮﺗﻴﻦ‬
‫ع‪١‬‬ ‫ع‪٢‬‬ ‫عن ‪ :‬اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺮرة ن ﻣﺮة‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٤٩‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل رﻗﻢ ‪٨‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔ اﻷرض اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ‪ ٢٫٠٠ +‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺄن‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ وﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ ‪ ١٠‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤٫٧٨‬‬ ‫‪٥٫١٤‬‬ ‫‪٦٫٧٢‬‬ ‫‪٨٫١٠‬‬

‫‪٣٫٢١‬‬ ‫‪٤٫٧٧‬‬ ‫‪٥٫٨٢‬‬ ‫‪٦٫٠٧‬‬

‫‪٣٫٣١‬‬ ‫‪٣٫٥٥‬‬
‫‪٢٫٩٨‬‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة وﻧﻀﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ آﻞ رآﻦ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻧﻔﺮغ ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﺮات اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬
‫)اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﺪول ﻣﻊ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ (‬

‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ = ))‪x ٣ + ١٠٫٣٨ x ٢ + ١٥٫٤٨ x ١ ) x ( ٤ \ (١٠ x ١٠‬‬

‫‪ ١٤٦٩٫٥ = ( ٢٫٧٧ x ٤ + ٣٫٨٢‬م‪٣‬‬

‫‪٢٫٧٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٫١٤‬‬ ‫‪٤٫٧٢‬‬ ‫‪٦٫١٠‬‬

‫ع‪ ٣‬ع‪٤‬‬ ‫ع‪٢‬‬ ‫ع‪١‬‬
‫‪2.77 3.82 3.14‬‬ ‫‪6.1‬‬
‫‪4.72‬‬ ‫‪4.07‬‬
‫‪١٫٢١‬‬ ‫‪٢٫٧٧‬‬ ‫‪٣٫٨٢‬‬ ‫‪٤٫٠٧‬‬ ‫‪1.31‬‬ ‫‪1.55‬‬
‫‪1.21‬‬ ‫‪0.98‬‬
‫‪2.78‬‬
‫‪١٫٣١‬‬ ‫‪١٫٥٥‬‬ ‫‪2.77 3.82 10.38 15.48‬‬
‫‪٠٫٩٨‬‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥١‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل رﻗﻢ ‪ ٩‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔ اﻷرض اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ‪ ٢٠٫٠٠ +‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺄن اﻟﺨﻂ ا ب = ‪ ٢٠ x ٥‬م ‪ ،‬واﻟﺨﻂ ا د = ‪ ٢٠ x ٢‬م‬

‫‪٢٣٫٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٣٫٩‬‬ ‫‪٢٤٫٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٥٫٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٣٫٧‬‬ ‫‪٢٦٫٤‬‬

‫ا‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪٢٤٫٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٣٫٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٥٫٦‬‬

‫‪٢٤٫٣‬‬ ‫‪٢٤٫٣‬‬

‫د‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪٢٤٫٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٥٫٣‬‬ ‫‪٢٢٫٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٥٫٣‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٢‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة وﻧﻀﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ آﻞ رآﻦ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻧﻔﺮغ ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ) ‪ ٧‬ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت( ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﺮات‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻰ = ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت ‪ +‬ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﻴﻦ‬
‫‪٣٫٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٫٩‬‬ ‫‪٤٫٨‬‬ ‫‪٥٫٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٫٧‬‬ ‫‪٦٫٤‬‬
‫ا‬ ‫ب‬

‫‪٤٫٣‬‬ ‫‪٤٫٢‬‬ ‫‪٣٫٨‬‬ ‫‪٥٫٦‬‬

‫‪٤٫٣‬‬

‫د‬ ‫ﺟـ‬
‫‪٤٫٦‬‬ ‫‪٥٫٣‬‬ ‫‪٢٫٨‬‬ ‫‪٥٫٣‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٣‬‬
 ٤‫ع‬ ٣‫ع‬ ٢‫ع‬ ١‫ع‬
3.8 5.6 3.9 3.7
4.2 4.8 4.3
5.8 5.3
2.8 4.6
5.3 3.8
4.3
8.0 5.6 26.9 21.7

٢٦٫٩ x ٢ + ٢١٫٧ x ١) x ( ٤ \ (٢٠ x ٢٠)) = ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت ﺣﻔﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت‬

٣‫م‬ ١٢٤٣٠ = ( ٨٫٠ x ٤ + ٥٫٦ x ٣ +
( ٣ \ (٣٫٧ + ٤٫٣ + ٦٫٤)) ] ( ٢ \ (٢٠x٢٠)) = ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت ﺣﻔﺮ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﻴﻦ‬
٣‫ م‬١٩٧٣٫٣ = [(٣ \ (٥٫٣ + ٥٫٦ + ٤٫٣)) +
٣‫ م‬١٤٤٠٣٫٣ = ١٩٧٣٫٣ + ١٢٤٣٠ = ‫اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٥٤
 ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر‬

E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٥٥

 ‫ﺧﻂ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر‬
‫ﻳﻌﺮف ﺧﻂ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر ﺑﺄﻧﻪ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻮهﻤﻰ اﻟﺬى ﻳﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺎط ذات اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻞ ﺧﻄﻰ آﻨﺘﻮر ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ارﺟﻊ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٦‬‬
 ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺮدم ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر‬

‫ﺣﻔﺮ‬

‫ف‬

‫ﺣﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ردم‬

‫‪ ٢٫٥‬ف‬

‫ردم‬
‫ردم‬

‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ = ½ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ ‪x‬‬

‫) ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻰ ﺧﻄﻰ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺘﻮر اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ(‬
‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺮدم = ) اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻰ ﺧﻄﻰ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺘﻮر اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ( ‪x‬‬
‫)ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٧‬‬
 ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :‬أوﺟﺪ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫واﻟﺮدم اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ‪ ١٩٫٠٠ +‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺄن ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎت ﺧﻄﻮط‬
‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﺪول‬
‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪١٦‬‬
‫‪١٦‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ ﺧﻂ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر‬

‫‪١٨‬‬

‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪134‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫‪178‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪211‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫‪243‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٨‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔ ﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ ﺧﻂ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫‪36.00‬‬ ‫ح =‪(٥٧+١٥)١ * ٠٫٥‬‬
‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬
‫‪73.50‬‬ ‫ح =‪(٩٠+٥٧)١ * ٠٫٥‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫ح = ‪112.00 (١٣٤+٩٠)١ * ٠٫٥‬‬
‫‪134‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫‪221.50‬‬ ‫اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺮدم‬
‫‪134‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫‪22.00‬‬ ‫ح = ‪(١٣٤ - ١٧٨) ٠٫٥‬‬
‫‪178‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪49.50‬‬ ‫ح = ‪(١٧٨ - ٢١١) ١٫٥‬‬
‫‪211‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫‪80.00‬‬ ‫ح = ‪(٢١١ - ٢٤٣) ٢٫٥‬‬
‫‪243‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪151.50‬‬ ‫اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻰ اﻟﺮدم‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٥٩‬‬
 ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺮدم‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺮدم ﺗﺠﺎوزا ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس اﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت ﺣﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
‫= ½ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮرﻳﺔ ‪ ) x‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺘﺮﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ(‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﺤﺴﺐ ﺣﺠﻢ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﻌﺒﺎت ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺮدم‬

‫= ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ أآﺒﺮ آﻨﺘﻮر ‪) x‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ آﻨﺘﻮر اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ وآﻨﺘﻮر‬
‫اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ(‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺮدم‬

‫= ﺣﺠﻢ اﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ – ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺮدم اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎوزا ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس اﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت ﺣﻔﺮ‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ ﺧﻂ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﻮر اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫‪36.00‬‬ ‫ح =‪(٥٧+١٥)١ * ٠٫٥‬‬
‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬
‫‪73.50‬‬ ‫ح =‪(٩٠+٥٧)١ * ٠٫٥‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪112.00‬‬ ‫ح = ‪(١٣٤+٩٠)١ * ٠٫٥‬‬
‫‪134‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫‪221.50‬‬ ‫اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎت اﻟﺮدم‬
‫‪134‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫‪156.00‬‬ ‫ح =‪(١٧٨+١٣٤)١ * ٠٫٥‬‬
‫‪178‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪194.50‬‬ ‫ح =‪(٢١١+١٧٨)١ * ٠٫٥‬‬
‫‪211‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫‪227.00‬‬ ‫ح =‪(٢٤٣+٢١١)١ * ٠٫٥‬‬
‫‪243‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪577.50‬‬ ‫اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫‪729.00‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ= ‪٢٤٣*٣‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻹﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬
‫‪151.50‬‬ ‫اﺟﻤﺎﻟﻰ اﻟﺮدم‬

‫‪E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying‬‬ ‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby‬‬ ‫‪٦١‬‬
 Thanks
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E-mail: saidmaghraby@yahoo.com
E_Learning courses in Engineering Surveying Prof. Dr. Eng. Said Elmaghraby ٦٢