EXPERIMENT 9: REACTIONS OF THE ANIONS

GROUP I ANIONS
Group I

AgNO3
Formula of Ppt.
AgCl
AgBr
AgI
AgCN
Ag4Fe(CN)6
Ag3Fe(CN)6
AgSCN

ClBrICNFe(CN)6-4
Fe(CN)6-3
SCNAnion
9-3 Cl9-4 CN9-5 Br9-6 I-

9-7 Fe(CN6)49-8 SCN9-9 Fe(CN6)3-

Color
white
light yellow
canary yellow
white
white
orange
white

Reagents
Hg2(NO3)2, HNO3
Hg2(NO3)2, HNO3
KMnO4, H2SO4, chloroform
a) KMnO4, H2SO4, chloroform
b) CH3COOH, NaNO2, starch
soln
FeCl3
FeCl3
FeSO4

GROUP II ANIONS
Group II
9-10 AgNO3
Formula of ppt
Color and Nature
9-10a Solubility in HNO3
9-11 BaCl2

Fe4[Fe(CN6)]3
Fe(SCN)2+
Fe3[Fe(CN6)]2

NO2AgNO2

black
soluble
no

white
soluble
no

white crystalline
soluble
no

Formula
H2S

conc. H2SO4
a) C2H5OH

GROUP III ANIONS

Anions
9-15 AgNO3
Formula of ppt

Color & Nature

white gray
white gray
orange brown CHCl3
layer
violet/purple layer
iodo-starch complex
blue soln
Prussian blue
blood red soln
Turnbulls blue

Ag2S

Pb(CH3COO)2
CH3COOH, FeSO4

9-14 CH3COO-

no
no
no
no
no
no
no

CH3COOCH3COOAg

6N H2SO4

9-13 NO2-

insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
insoluble
insoluble

Formula
Hg2Cl2 Hg0
Hg2Cl2 Hg0
Br2 reddish-brown or
brown gas
I2 violet gas
I2

Reagents

9-12 S

9-2 BaCl2

S2-

Anion
2-

9-1a Solubility in HNO3

PbS
PbS
FeNOSO4 or
FeSO4.NO
CH3COOH
CH3COOC2H5

Color & Nature

9-15a Solubility in
HNO3
soluble

SO32-

Ag2SO3

white

CO32-

Ag2CO3

white yellow

soluble

BO33-

Ag3BO3 Ag2O

white brown

soluble

C2O42-

Ag2C2O4

white

soluble

C4H4O62-

Ag2C4H4O6

white

soluble

C6H5O73-

Ag3C6H5O7

white

soluble

Color & Nature

Colorless gas w/ rotten
egg odor
black
black
brown ring
vinegar odor
fruity odor

9-16 BaCl2
9-16a Solubility in
HNO3
BaSO3
white
a) soluble
BaCO3
white
a) soluble
Ba3(BO3)2
white
a) soluble
BaC2O4
white
a) soluble
BaC4H4O6
white
a) soluble
Ba3(C6H5O7)2 white
a) soluble

GROUP III ANIONS continued

Anions
Reagents
29-17 SO3
a) 6N H2SO4
blue litmus paper

6N H2SO4
Ca(OH)2
H2SO4, CH3OH

Formula
SO2
SO2 + H2O H2SO3
H2SO4
H2S2O6
dithionic acid
CO2
CaCO3
(CH3)3BO3

CaCl2
a) CH3COOH
AgNO3, NH4OH, heat
AgNO3, NH4OH, heat

Ca2C2O4
insoluble
Ag0
Ag0

b) KMnO4, H2SO4
9-18 CO329-19 BO339-20 C2O429-21 C4H4O629-22 C6H5O73GROUP IV ANIONS
Anions
9-23 AgNO3
Formula
Color & Nature

9-23a Solubility in HNO3

9-24 BaCl2
Formula
Color & Nature
9-24a Solubility in HNO3
Anions
9-25 PO439-26 AsO439-27 AsO339-28 S2O32-

9-29 CrO42-

silver mirror
silver mirror

AsO43-

AsO33-

S2O32-

CrO42-

Ag3PO4
yellow

Ag3AsO4
chocolate
brown

Ag3AsO3
yellow

Ag2CrO4
brownish-red

soluble

soluble

soluble

Ag2S2O3 Ag2S
white yellow
brown
black
soluble

BaHPO4
white
soluble

Ba3(AsO4)2
white
soluble

Ba3(AsO3)2
white
soluble

BaS2O3
white
soluble

BaCrO4
yellow
soluble

Reagents
a) NH4Cl, NH4OH, magnesia mixture
b) HNO3, (NH4)2MoO4
a) NH4Cl, NH4OH, magnesia mixture
b) HNO3, (NH4)2MoO4
a) NH4Cl, NH4OH, magnesia mixture
b) HNO3, (NH4)2MoO4
a) 6N H2SO4

Formula
MgNH4PO4
(NH4)3PO4.12MoO3
MgNH4AsO4
(NH4)3AsO4.12MoO3
------SO2 + S

b) KMnO4, H2SO4

8KMnO4 + 5Na2S2O3 + 7H2SO4

4K2SO4 + 8MnSO4 + 5Na2SO4 + 7H2O
PbCrO4
Na2PbO2

Pb(CH3COO)2
a) NaOH

Reagents
AgNO3
AgNO3
BaCl2
BaCl2
conc. H2SO4, FeSO4
AgNO3, KNO2

GROUP VI ANION
Anion
9-34 SO42-

Reagent
AgNO3

9-34 SO42-

violet color of KMnO4

decolorized
colorless gas
white
green tint
green border flame
white

PO43-

GROUP V ANIONS
Anions
9-30 NO3ClO39-31 NO3ClO39-32 NO39-33 ClO3-

9-34 SO42-

Color & Nature

garlic-like odor
BR

BaCl2
a) solubility in HNO3
Pb(CH3COO)2
a) solubility in
CH3COONH4

Formula
--------FeNOSO4
AgCl

Formula
dil. soln
---conc. soln Ag2SO4
BaSO4
insoluble
PbSO4
Pb(CH3COO)2

soluble

Color & Nature

white crystalline
yellow crystalline
white crystalline
yellow crystalline
no
no
colorless gas w/ garliclike odor w/ yellow
violet color of KMnO4
decolorized
yellow
yellow soln

Color & Nature

no
no
no
no
brown ring
white

Color & Nature

white
white
white
soluble