Professional Documents
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J. T. Celigeta
Definicin
Q
Definicin
Q
Teora actual
)
Timoshenko (1915).
Habitualmente kg/cm3
Kt (kg/cm3)
2 - 3
6 - 8
8 - 10
15 - 20
)
)
Momento flector
d 2v
M ydA = EI 2
dx
Se supone comportamiento
bidireccional de la fundacin
(terreno empuja en ambos sentidos)
Equilibrio de momentos
dM
Q =
dx
dx
dQ = Ktvbdx + qdx
Sustituyendo Q y M
d 4v
EI 4 + Kt b v + q = 0
dx
K = Kt b
d 4v
EI 4 + K v = 0
dx
v = e ax
1/ 4
Sustituyendo
a 4EIe ax + Ke ax = 0
a = (1 i )
K
a =
EI
4 nmeros
complejos mdulo 1
1/ 4
Siendo
K
=
4EI
Solucin final
v=
Ae
i
i =1,4
7
ai x
1/ 4
(1)
v = e x (C 1 cos x + C 2 sin x ) +
e x (C 3 cos x + C 4 sin x )
Condiciones de contorno
Infinito:
x =
Simetra:
v (x = 0) = 0
Equilibrio en x=0
C1 = C 2 = 0
C 3 + C 4 = 0
Q(x = 0) = EIv (x = 0) =
v =
9
v=0
P
2
P x
e (cos x + sin x )
2K
C3 =
P
2K
v =
P x
e (cos x + sin x )
2K
P x
e (cos x + sin x )
2K
v =
P
F1(x )
2K
d 2v
P x
M = EI 2 =
e (cos x sin x )
dx
4
M=
P
F3 (x )
4
d 3v
P
Q = EI 3 = e x cos(x )
dx
2
Q=
11
P
F4 (x )
2
Funciones tpicas
F1 ( x ) = e x (cos x + sin x )
F2 ( x ) = e x sin x
F3 ( x ) = e x (cos x sin x )
F4 ( x ) = e x cos x
P
2K
K2
K1
K2>K1
3/ 4
v1
1K 2 K 2
=
=
v2
K 12 K 1
K1
M max =
K2
P
4
1/ 4
M1
2 K 2
=
=
1 K1
M2
A = 1.25 m2
I = 226 105 cm 4
K t = 10 kg/cm 3
1/ 4
vA = vAA + vAB =
1500
=
4 200000 226 105
= 0.003 cm1
P P 750
e
P 375
e
(cos 375 + sin 375 ) = 0.0216 cm
2K
pC = KvC = 0.216 kg / cm 2
14
vB = vA
P
P 750
e
+
(cos 750 sin 750 ) = 1.774 106 cmkg
4 4
15
P 375
e
(cos 375 sin 375 ) = 0.637 106 cmkg
4
16
L<
4.71
Condiciones de contorno
x =
Infinito:
Antisimetra:
Equilibrio en x=0
v=0
v (x = 0) = 0
C1 = C 2 = 0
C3 = 0
M
M (x = 0) = 0 = EIv (x = 0)
2
v = e (C 1 cos x + C 2 sin x ) + e
17
M 0 2
C4 =
K
M 0 2 x
(C 3 cos x + C 4 sin x ) =
e sin x
K
M =
Q=
18
M 0 x
e cos x
2
M 0 x
e (cos x + sin x )
2
Tramo de la derecha
Solucin particular:
v pd =
Infinito:
x =
q
K
vd = acotada
vd = e x (A cos x + B sin x )
C1 = C 2 = 0
q
K
x =
vi = 0
vi = e x (C cos x + D sin x )
19
C1 = C 2 = 0
Compatibilidad en x=0
vi = vd
vi = vd
vi = vd
vi= vd
M i = Md
Qi + Qd = 0
Se obtienen A, B, C, D
20
q x
vi =
e
cos x
2K
q/2K
q/K
q
e x cos x
vd = 1
K
2
21
Md =
q x
e sin x
2
4
22
Condiciones de contorno
Infinito:
Momento nulo en x=0
Cortante=P en x=0
x =
v (x = 0) = 0
C1 = C 2 = 0
C4 = 0
Q(x = 0) = EIv (x = 0) = P
v=
23
v=0
2P x
e cos x
K
C3 =
2P
K
2P x
e cos x
K
v=
2P
F4 (x )
K
M =
P x
e sin x
M =
P
F2 (x )
Q = Pe x (cos x sin x )
24
Condiciones de contorno
Infinito:
x =
v=0
C1 = C 2 = 0
Momento en x=0
M (x = 0) = EIv (x = 0) = M 0
Q(x = 0) = EIv (x = 0) = 0
2M 0 2 x
v=
e (cos x sin x )
K
25
M = M 0e x (cos x + sin x )
M = M 0F1(x )
Q = 2M 0 e x sin x
26
27
Real=(1)+(2)+(3)
v1 =
F
F1 ( x )
2K
M1 =
F
F3 ( x )
4
M B1 =
28
F
F3 (a )
4
QB1 =
F
F4 (a )
2
M 0 = M B1 =
F
F3 (a )
4
2M 0 2
F
v =
F3 ((x + a )) =
F3 (a )F3 ((x + a ))
K
2K
2
M 2 = M 0 F1 ((x + a )) =
29
F
F3 (a ) F1 ((x + a ))
4
Caso (3)
v3 =
2P
F
F4 ((x + a )) =
F4 (a )F4 ((x + a ))
K
K
M3 =
30
F
F4 (a )
2
P
F
F2 ((x + a )) = F4 (a )F2 ((x + a ))
v = v1 + v 2 + v 3 =
0,5
-500
v x (F
F
F1( x ) F3 (a )F3 ((x + a )) 2F4 (a )F4 ((x + a ))
2K
/2K)
500
1500
2000
1000
-0,5
-1
Deformada
a= 500
= 0,0020
-1,5
vA = v(x = 0) =
31
F
[1 F3 (a )F3 (a ) 2F4 (a )F4 (a )]
2K
2500
M = M1 + M2 + M3 =
M A = M (x = 0) =
32
F
F3 ( x ) F3 (a )F1 ((x + a )) 2F4 (a )F2 ((x + a ))
F
[1 F3 (a )F1 (a ) 2F4 (a )F2 (a )]
4
M = EI
dv
dx 2
d 3v
Q = EI 3
dx
Constantes tiles:
s = sin L
33
c = cos L
s ' = sinh L
c ' = cosh L
H = s '2 s 2
M x =0
d 2v
= EI 2 = 2EI 2D = 0
dx x =0
M x =L
d 2v
= EI 2 = 2EI 2 (Ass '+ Bsc ' Ccs ' Dcc ') = 0
dx x =L
Qx =0
d 3v
= EI 3 = 2EI 3 (C B ) = P
dx x =0
Qx =L
d 3v
= EI 3 = 2EI 3 (A(sc '+ cs ') + B(ss '+ cc ') + C (ss ' cc ') + D(sc ' cs ')) = 0
dx x =L
34
Resolviendo
s '2
B=
P
2EI 3H
s2
C =
P
2EI 3H
D=0
Sustituyendo en la expresin de v
v=
P
((sc s ' c ')cos x cosh x + s '2 cos x sinh x + s 2 sin x cosh x )
3
2EI H
M=
36
d 2v
M = EI 2
dx
P
((s ' c ' sc)sin x sinh x s '2 sin x cosh x + s 2 cos x sinh x )
H
dv
I = = (B + C )
dx x =0
dv
J = = (A(cs ' sc ') + B(cc ' ss ') + C (ss '+ cc ') + D(sc '+ cs '))
dx x =L
4 ecuaciones con 4 incgnitas: A, B, C, D
37
s = sin L
c = cos L
s ' = sinh L
c ' = cosh L
C=
1
(s '2 I + ss ' J + (sc + s ' c ')I (sc '+ cs ')J )
H
D=
1
((sc s ' c ')I + (cs ' sc ')J (s '2 + s 2 )I + 2ss ' J )
H
H = s '2 s 2
x =0
2EI
((sc s ' c ')I + (cs ' sc ')J (s '2 + s 2 )I + 2ss ' J )
H
d 2v
M J = EI 2 = .....
dx x =L
d 3v
PI = EI 3 = .....
dx x =0
d 3v
PJ = EI 3 = .....
dx x =L
39
PI
M I
EI
=
s ' s ' ss
PJ
MJ
Simtrica
4s ' s
IY
2
2(s ' s '+ ss ) JY
s = sin L
c = cos L
s ' = sinh L
c ' = cosh L
40
15
a13
a22
10
a14
5
a24
-5
-10
L
-15
0
10
EI
s ' s ' ss
simtrica
42
= 0
4ss ' 2
A
0
A=0
Rgida
Infinita
Flexible
0,5
L
0
1
-0,5
43
10
q
K
I0 = vx =0 = A
44
q
=0
K
q
=0
K
q
K
B=
c c ' q
s +s ' K
C =
c ' c q
s +s ' K
D=
s s ' q
s +s ' K
45
q
K
d 2v
M = EI 2
dx
qL2 6
M =
12 (L)2
c c '
sin(x )cosh( x )
sin(x )sinh(x )
s +s '
+
c ' c
s s '
cos(x )sinh(x ) +
cos( x )cosh( x )
s +s '
s +s '
qL2
M=
F (L, x )
12
46
M x (qL2/12)
0
L: 6
L: 4
qL2
M=
F (L, x )
12
-0,5
L: 1
-1
d 2v
M = EI 2
dx
0
I
x =0
d 3v
PI = EI 3
dx
0
x =0
q s ' s
2 2 s '+ s
q c ' c
s '+ s
M J0 = M I0 =
PJ0 = PI0 =
q s ' s
2 2 s '+ s
q c ' c
s '+ s
48
Ejemplo
E = 250000 kg/cm2
KT = 10 kg/cm 3
I = 4.267 106 cm 4
1/ 4
5m
5m
= 0.0039 cm1
L = 5 = 1.95
1000
=
4 250000 4.26 106
Ejemplo. Rigidez
0.003
0.377
0.000
0.188
0.377
96.17 0.188
34.77
A
B
108
K =K =
0.003 0.377
0.000 0.188
0.188
34.77 0.377
96.17
0.003
0.377
0.000
0.188
0.
0.
0.377
96.17 0.188
34.77
0.
0.
0.000 0.188
0.006
0.
0.000
0.188
108
K=
0.188
34.77
0. 192.34 0.188
34.77
0.
0.
0.000 0.188
0.003 0.377
0.
0.
0.188
34.77 0.377
96.17
= 1 1 2
50
s = 0.929
c = 0.370
s ' = 3.443
c ' = 3.585
20 kg/cm
0
P1
20 kg/cm
0
P2
0
M2
0
P3
M1
M2
P10A =
0A
2
q c ' c
= 4640 kg
s '+ s
= 4640 kg
M 10A =
q s ' s
= 377630 cm kg
2 2 s '+ s
M 20A = 377630 cm kg
51
0
P2
M3
Ejemplo. Fuerzas
20 kg/cm
0
20 kg/cm
0
P2
P2=4640
P1=4640
A
0
M1=377630
6000 10640
200000 177630
10000 19270
=
0
0
8000 12640
400000 22370
6 Tn
Puntuales
8 Tn
10 Tn
2 mTn
52
M3
M2
M2=-377630
4640
F1
M 1 377630
4640
4640
F2
F= =
377630
M 2 (377630)
F
4640
3
(377630)
M 3
0
P3
4 mTn
2
Ejemplo. Deformaciones
= K1F
1 0.0694
1 0.0002
2 0.0315
=
=
2 0.0000
0.0909
3
0.0003
p1 = Kt 1 = 0.694 kg/cm2
p2 = Kt 2 = 0.315 kg/cm2
p3 = Kt 3 = 0.909 kg/cm2
53
P2=4640
A
0
M2=-377630
M1=377630
20 kg/cm
6000
153610
200000
P1A
4640
0.0694 6000
M 1A 377630
0.0002 200000
+ KA
=
A
4640
P2
0.0315 4440
0.0000 153610
377630
M A
4440
20 kg/cm
P2B
4640
0.0315 5560
B
0.0000 153610
M 2 377630
B
=
B =
+ K
4640
P3
0.0909 8000
B
M 377630
0.0003 400000
P2
20 kg/cm
153610
M3
M2
8000
B
5560
54
P3
400000
55