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Pada nyala 2000oK, logam alkali mengalami atomisasi yang signifikan, dan selanjutnya
mengalami eksitasi ke tingkat energi yang lebih tinggi. Fakta ini dapat diamati langsung dan
diukur dengan flame photometer. Garis emisi logam alkali dapat terpisah dengan baik.
Li
670 nm
Na
589
nm
766 nm
Cs
852
nm
Rb
780 nm
Sr
461
nm
Pada metode spektroskopi nyala, larutan sampel disemprotkan ke dalam nyala. Nyala
membebaskan sampel dari pelarutnya dan sampelnya sendiri menjadi berada dalam bentuk
atom bebas. Skema teknik pengukuran spektrometri nyala adalah seperti Gambar 1 di
bawah
ini.
Teknik ini sesuai untuk analisis natrium dan kalium pada kadar 1 sampai 10 mg/L. Barium
biasanya dianalisis dengan baku paling tinggi 1000 mg/L sehingga batas deteksinya menjadi
cukup
besar.
Gambar
Intensitas
emisi
dari
logam
alkali
dengan
konsentrasi
yang
sama
PRETEST
1. Explain why emission spectroscopy is more sensitive at long wavelength and higher
temperatures!
2. Apreciate why spectral interferences are more likely for emission methods compared to
absorption methods!
3. Describe how spectral interferences may be overcome for both flame and plasma emission
methods!
PERCOBAAN
REAGENSIA
1. Larutan baku natrium klorida (Na 1000 ppm). Keringkan sekitar 1 g NaCl pada
120oC selama 1 jam dan dinginkan selama 30 menit. Timbang dan larutkan
0,254 g NaCl dalam air dan encerkan hingga 1 L. Kontaminasi natrium dari air
dan peralatan gelas harus diperhatikan. Larutan blanko harus diukur untuk
1. Larutan baku dalam Li2SO4 (Li 1000 ppm). Larutkan 7,92 gram Li2SO4 dalam
air dan encerkan hingga 1 L.
1. Larutan baku. Buat larutan baku 0, 10, 20, 30 dan 40 ppm Na dengan memipet 0,
5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25 mL larutan NaCl stok, tambahkan 5 mL larutan Li2SO4 stok
ke dalam masing-masing labu. Encerkan hingga 50 mL.
PROSEDUR
Tambahkan sejumlah volume yang sama dari larutan stok litium kedalam sampel yang
belum diketahui kadarnya, seperti yang ditambahkan kedalam larutan baku, dan encerkan
dengan air hingga tanda batas. Ikuti arahan dari instruktur untuk pengoperasian flame
photometer. Emisi litium dapat direkam pada 670.8 nm. Buat kurva kalibrasi antara rasio
emisi baku terhadap konsentrasi dan tentukan konsentrasi larutan sampel dari kurva
kalibrasi. Dari hasil tersebut, hitung mikrogram natrium sampel dalam satuan ppm atau
mEq/L
jika
sampel
dari
serum.
Catatan: Sampel dapat berupa larutan NaCl atau serum. Jika yang dianalisis adalah serum,
larutan baku harus dibuat pada rentang konsentrasi yang lebih sempit untuk lebih
mendekati kadar dalam serum. Natrium dalam serum dapat ditentukan secara sederhana
dengan pengenceran 1:100 (misalnya 0,1 mL diencerkan hingga 10 mL) atau 1:500.
HASIL
PENGAMATAN
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