Slavery and Empire

Atlantic Trade: Economic Necessity due to Mercantilistic System.

The Middle Passage - 20% died before arrival

Asiento - exclusive slave sells to Spain (won

contract over Dutch in 1713)
The Caribbean and New Spain (Latin Amer.)
Triggered Industrial Revolution

Map 4.2 The Slave Trade in The Atlantic World, 14601770

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, 4th Edition

Copyright 2013 W.W. Norton & Company

Slavery and Empire

How did African slavery differ regionally in
eighteenth-century North America?

By 1770 - Slaves made-up 20% of total pop.

Chesapeake Slavery
- mercantilists-close economic ties to England/tobacco
Indian Slavery and Plantations in the South
- 60% of S. Carolina pop. by 1730s
Slavery in the North
- non-plantation/few families

-NYC was the exception- over 10%

Slave Sale Broadside

Give Me Liberty!: An American History, 4th Edition

Copyright 2013 W.W. Norton & Company

Slave Cultures and Slave Resistance

Becoming African-American - bond was

Slavery itself.
African-American Cultures: South -task
system and families / N.E. - isolated, literate

Resistance to Slavery -The Crisis of

17391741

An Empire of Freedom
What were the meanings of British liberty in the eighteenth century?

British Patriotism - most advanced & freest nation

-Parliament Govt (Representative) established after Glorious

Revolution (only 5% of tot. pop. were land owners)

The British Constitution - Common Law & SelfGovt. - Constitutional Govt.

Checks and Balances:

House of Commons
House of Lords
Monarch/Crown

*Still tight w/ the Anglican Church

An Empire of Freedom
What were the meanings of British liberty in the eighteenth century?

Republican Liberty - Country Party: Less Govt,

Obligation of role in Public Life/Sphere, Protection of
Property (Land Gentry)

Liberal Freedom - John Locke: consent of the

governed, means to protect life, liberty and estate
Right to rise up against tyrannical rulers. Proposed
an early model for the
separation of church
and state.

The American Enlightenment

Spurred the creation of more colleges
The Right to Vote - Free Elections

Colonial Government

- 50-80% of all landowners (men)

-Governors were usually appointed English nobles
(11 out of 13)
-Assemblies/Councils were elected
- Salutary Neglect - dont rock the boattoo much

Citizenry and the PUBLIC SPHERE

The Public Sphere

Politics in Public - informed citizenry

-Benjamin Franklins Junto aka American
Philosophy Society (1727)

The Colonial Press -

-Books were expensive

-Literacy and owning
books was all the rage!
- Freedoms: Speech
Press
!

*Dangerous threats to British control.

The Public Sphere

The Trial of Zenger - 1735

John P. Zenger - publisher/printer
of NY Weekly Journal

William Cosby - Governor (Corrupt)

Zenger Charged w/ Seditious Libel

Andrew Hamilton - defensefreedom

of thought, right to print the truth.

the laws of our country have given us a rightthe liberty of both exposing and opposing
arbitrary power by speaking and writing the
truth

The Great Awakening

How did the Great Awakening challenge social structures of British America?

Deists - reason over religious vigor should govern Ben Franklin

Religion - central to colonial life BUT had become stagnant and rigid.

Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

SOCIAL REFORMand UNITY

Albany Plan of Union (1754) - attempt at uniting all colonies

Rivalries & Battle for N. America

What was the impact of the Seven Years' War on imperial
and Indian-white relations?

Spanish - California
French Empire - Ohio Rv. Valley

Ben Franklin - famous cartoon in 1754.

Rivalries & Battle for N. America

British met defeat after defeat until 1759 BUTthey WIN.
Canadian Sea Route was cut off
Treaty of Paris 1763 ends the war
!

French surrendered territories

- Canada, India (S.E.A.), & Caribbean

*Got Florida from Spain
!

Britain is HEGEMONIC

Rivalries & Battle for N. America

Pontiacs Rebellion
-(Neolin)Pan-Indian Identity

Pennsylvania
The Proclamation Line
-Prohibited colonial settlement
west of Appalachian Mountains
-In the British view, this would
generate orderly settlement,
prevent further Indian conflicts
-Colonies saw this as restricting
and over-stepping by British crown

Big Ideas from Chapter 4

The Atlantic Slave Trade was an arm of the
imperial, Mercantilistic system in the 17th -18th
centuries.
Slavery proved to be a lucrative and significant
necessity for the Colonies role in Englands
economic growth.
English colonies began to form a distinctive social
and political identity during the American
Enlightenment and Great Awakening.
French and Indian War victory was source of
National Pride and Unity among Colonies.
Tension between Colonies and the mother country
(England) arose due to raising taxes to recover
from war debt.