BIOL 1010 Exam #2 Take Home portion

Lauren Skipps
NAME_________________________
Lauren

YOU MUST ANSWER IN THE SPACE PROVIDED.

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1) The Plasma Membrane of a cell is both a FLUID and a MOSAIC. OUTLINE how
each of these terms applies to the membrane. (2 points)
The Structure of the cell membrane is a mosaic of sugar chains attached to proteins
and lipids that help the structure remain fluid so that molecules can be transferred
in and out of the cells. The structure is mosaic so that the membrane can be fluid.

2) Describe the OSMOTIC challenges faced by things that live in the ocean and
contrast that with the challenges faced by those that live in freshwater lakes. (3 points)
Since osmosis affects the cells shape and stability the cells in the ocean have adapted
to have a concentrated gradient that allows the cell to remain isotonic in such a high salty
solution and vice versa.

3) EXPLAIN why cells benefit from pumping ions across their membranes. (2 points)
When the cells pump ions into the cell and out of the cell new charges and molecules are
created that benefit the needs of cell to function properly.

4) Would each of the following be considered catabolic or anabolic? EXPLAIN (3 points)

a) a ball rolling down a hill
Catabolic. The ball gains more energy as it rolls down the hill and becomes less stable
as larger energy molecules are broken down into smaller ones

b) a leaf growing on a tree

anabolic. The leaf requires more energy to synthesize proteins to make larger molecules
from smaller part.

c) food being digested

Catabolic. The food gains more energy as it rolls down the hill and becomes less stable
as larger energy molecules are broken down into smaller ones

5) Would the following types of energy be considered POTENTIAL or KINETIC?

EXPLAIN (3 points)
i

a) electricity powering a vacuum

Kinetic Energy because the energ y is in motion.

b) a piece of bread
potential energy because the energy is being stored

c) an athlete eating a big meal to prepare for a game

potential energy because the energy is being stored

6) Why do we refer to ATP as an activated energy carrier ? (2 points)

Because ATP is the cells currency it is used and or created in

all cell functions and processes.

7) Why would your muscle cells make lactic acid when they dont need it ? (2 points)

Because in t heir cell process they run out of oxygen making

them produce lactic acid that is not needed.

8) Cars harvest only 25 percent of the energy from gasoline. Your cells harvest 40
percent of the energy from sugars. Why are cells more efficient? (2 points)

because of our three step aerobic catabolism system that helps us harvest
more potential energy.

9) Outline how CARBON enters the living world. (3 points)

Through Carbon Fixation 1, RuBisCO is the enzyme used that turns carbon dioxide
into an organic molecule ( 5+1=3)

10) DESCRIBE the rolls of each of the following in photosynthesis: (3 points)

a) sunlight
The sun provides energy to the plant (electromagnetic Radiation)

b) water
helps convert with carbon dioxide to produce energy for the plant.

c) oxygen
Photosynthesis waste product