AOE/ME 4234: Aerospace Propulsion

Systems
Fall2015
11September2015
Lecture8

AOE/ME4234

Notesaboutlectures
Checkyourmobile,turnoffsound
Noonemayoperatecomputersinlaptopmode
TabletmodeisOK(screenflippedaround)
Duringquizzesandexams,laptopmodeisOK

Bringlaptop/tableteachday
ASKQUESTIONS!
Answermyquestions,please!

AOE/ME4234

Overview
Compressibleaerodynamics
1Dflowequations
Soundspeed,Machnumber
Stagnationconditions
Isentropicflow
Thermodynamicvariation

Generalcompressibleflow:Area/Machnumber
relation
Generalnonisentropicflow
Aspecialnonisentropicflow:shocks
AOE/ME4234

1Dequations
Consideracontrolvolumeasbelow:
1

Assumethatvelocitiesareonlyinthex
direction,novariationinthedepth.
AOE/ME4234

Examplederivation:Momentum
d
F dt u dV u (u n )dA
cv
cs

AOE/ME4234

1DSteadyFlowinsummary
1

Continuity
Momentum

2
x

where

FirstLaw
For

SecondLaw

EquationofState
AOE/ME4234
4234

1DSteadyFlowEquations
Thesearecompressible flowequations
Presentedinprimitivevariables,notinterms
ofMachnumber.
Nonetheless,cansolveanumberofproblems
withthese.
e.g.:Flowexpandsadiabaticallyfrom100m/sat
300Ktoastate2at250K.Whatisthefinal
velocityoftheflow?

AOE/ME4234

Compressibleflowintroduction
Sinceairhasaspringiness,characterizedbyitsbulk
modulus,flowspeedisrelatedtothe
thermodynamics
Theparameterwhichrelatestheflowtothe
thermodynamicsistheMachnumber,

/ ,wherea isthespeedofsound

Asitsnameimplies,theflowmaycompressandthus
density isnotconstant

AOE/ME4234

Soundspeed
Soundspeedistherateofchangeofpressure
perchangeindensityinanisentropicprocess:
Forisentropicprocesses(fromthecalorically
andthermally perfect Tds eq solution):

AOE/ME4234

StagnationProperties
Atanypoint(station)inaflow,stagnationpropertiesare
alwaysdefinedbyans=constantprocess T

p01

Substitute for u1

T01

p1

T1

Note

s = constant

AOE/ME4234
4234

10

Summary
Compressibleaerodynamics
Soundspeed,Machnumber
Stagnationconditions
Isentropicflow
Thermodynamicvariation

Generalcompressibleflow:Area/Machnumber
relation
Generalnonisentropicflow
Aspecialnonisentropicflow:shocks
AOE/ME4234

11