Pixels

Pixels are used to make up an image. They are what determines whether
an image is high quality or not. The more pixels used in the image, the
better quality it is. Pixels are a certain shape been made up by little
squares going across and down in rows. These squares do not have more
than one colour in each one. In high quality images, there are more much
smaller pixels, you can tell when its better quality as when you zoom in
on the image, and you can almost see the pixels. Smaller pixels mean that
there will be a much more detailed colouring as theres more squares to
use. This makes it easier for the viewer to see. However, on poor quality
images, the pixels will be much bigger
meaning you can see how its made up
and the less squares means that
theres not much use of colour as you
cant fit it all on. This image of a cat
show how many small pixilated squares
there are in the image.

Image resolution
When you stretch an image out, it is harder to see as it is not the regular
shape its use to. This is what image resolution is. Again, image resolution
is the quality of the colours and whether it is more detailed or not. These
images show how the famous painting of Mona Lisa looks with bad quality
compared to good quality.

Intensity

The intensity is the colours in the image, whether theyre bright colours or
dull. More black and white dull colours means that it can get away with
not being seen as pixelated as the image isnt using many tones of
colours at all whereas a brighter image with lots of colours you can tell its
low quality as there is only a limit of 256 colours allowed to be used on the
image.

Raster and Vector Images

Raster images (bitmaps) are what the image type is. Raster images are
made up of small squares in rows and lines in the image. Each square is
made up of a colour of its own, it cant be 2+ colours, just one. When you
zoom into the raster image, it stretches and you can see all the pixels.
They take up a lot of space compared to a vector image. With raster
images, they need a colour for each square they have but vector images
flow on lines which can change colour as they go along. Vector images can
be shaped
into anything
like lines,
curves and
polygons.
Raster
images are
often used in
GIFs
(Graphics
Interchange Format) and is why the quality in GIFs arent that good and
the colours arent all HD. Vector images are good for being used in logos
as you can put them on small leaflets or business cards but also on huge
billboards as they wont be all pixelated and therefore be seen clearly.
With vector images, if doesnt matter if its been zoomed or stretched, itll
still be clear and unchanged. This is all shown on these images above and
below. Vector is very close to see zoomed in, where raster isnt.

Lossy means that in order to fit an image onto a disc, the image quality
must be reduced to fit on which therefore means that some information is
lost and it becomes poor quality. A Lossless is the opposite as whatever
size the image is, even if the file size has shrunk, the image will still be
high quality and clear.

Raster
.BMP: stands for Best Management Practices. A bmp is what stores the
raster image.
.PNG: stands for Portable Network Graphics. It is a file format for image
compression. A PNG allows the person who created it to adjust the colour,
brightness, file size when the image has been compressed.
.GIF: stands for Graphics Interchange Format. This is widely used on the
web to create small animations using the raster image type.
.TIFF: stands for Tag Image File Format. It is used for exporting grey-scale
images to other programmes.
.JPG: stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. A JPG is like a GIF but
you can have more colours on it. A JPG can be used on websites which you
dont need to zoom into as a JPG hasnt got great quality.
.PSD: is a Photoshop Document. When you save work from Photoshop, it
saves as a PSD which can work with all the layers. On Photoshop, you can
then flatten your layers together and save it as a JPG, GIF or TIFF file.

Vector
.EPS: stands for Encapsulated PostScript. An EPS is mostly used for
images, graphics and text. It is the most popular file used for vector
images.
.FLA: is used to save Flash formats. You can use these for saving
animations on to put on a website.

Bit depth
Bit depth is the different shades of colours in the image. It is basically how
HD an image is whether the image is clear or not. On this image, bitmap is
shown when it says 1-bit as there is only about 2 colours being used which
as you can see isnt very clear and hard to see the features on her face.
However on the 8-bit, there is more shading, even though its in greyscale,
you can see more facial features as the shading of the picture is more
detailed.

It also works on colour images. On this image, you

can see how much better the quality is on the bottom
eye as her actual eye colour is brighter and the
mascara and eyeshadow is more defined even though
there is only 6-bit difference between the images.

Bits per Pixel (BPP)

Is the number of information in each pixel, so the different colours in the
pixel. The image can either be really HD or poor quality depending on how
many pixels there are in the image. If there arent many pixels, then the
quality is poor as there arent enough squares to fit every single colour on.
If there are more squares then you can fit more, different colours on like a
different shade of each colour.

Monochrome
These images are mainly greyscale images. It may appear as black and
white but its actually different shades of grey being used in an image.
This image shows a tiger in monochrome. As you can see, there are a lot
of different shades in the image of the tiger which all come from the
colour grey. The tiger looks a lot more defined and you can see the full
image clearly.

256
The number 256 is the amount of pixels you can fit onto an image. The
main colours you use in a pixelated image are the primary colours: red,
green and blue. These colours can be changed into secondary colours and
be fitted into these 256 pixels, which arent that many pixels.
On this image, the 256 picture is still quite
pixilated, you ant really see the image as
learn as you can with the 16.7 million pixels
one on the left.

High colour
High colour is a way to store image information into the computers
memory. The pixels are shown by 2 bytes which is 16 pixels.

True colour
True colour can store information, again, from computer memory. This works on
26 bit images which is just the colours and shades.

Colour space
The colour space is a specific ordering of colours. This is normally ordered
in numbers. An example of colour space are the primary colours RGB
which is red, green and blue. This colours are normally used on the
internet, on CD/DVDs and on TV. This is because these colours are easy to
change into different colours and can be mixed to be taken further. RGB
have over 16 million colour potentials because they are able to merge into
all kinds of colours.
CYMK is cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (which is black). These are used
for more physical products like business cards, billboards and posters.

CYMK only has 1 million different colour potentials meaning it cant be

taken further to make different kinds of colours. It is also more expensive
than RGB because of the different complex colours but is clearer on print
outs.
This image shows the CMYK
colours and the RGB colours.

Greyscale images are images with

no colour at all. The only type of colouring in the image is the different
shades of grey. Having shading in images defines the image more and
makes it look finer. You can save greyscale images as bitmaps.

Image capture
Scanners are device which can print off whatever you put
in it. You can place some images, text, or objects in a
scanner and they will be printed off like how it will be
printed off from your computer. This is a simple scanner.
You put your item/paper onto the glass part,
shut the lid and it can scan it as an image onto
your computer or print it out. There are some
scanners which allow you to scan 3D images.
From these scanners, you can further then
construct 3D models. This is an image of a 3D
scanner working on something. As you can
see, you dont need to lay the object down, it can scan stood up on a
table. Scanners are also used for human purposes like x-rays. X-rays scan
usually the bones in a human body which can be printed out to allow the
doctor to see whether a bone is broken. Scanners however are quite
expensive and large which means you cant take them out somewhere in
case they break and they wont fit into a bag.

Digital cameras are cameras that stores digital images that you can
upload onto your computer and you can display it on your computer
immediately if you wanted which you can then later upload onto a disk or
print it out. This image is different types of digital cameras. They all look

different because of different size lenses but they all work similar to each
other being digital. The cameras at the top are a
lot more expensive than the ones at the bottom
as they take better quality images and videos.
They are also have a more complex setting
which makes it harder to use but if you use it
right, it has a light sensor which can decide
whether you need an automatic flash on your
image or not. The cameras at the bottom are a
lot cheaper, a lot simpler to use and is small enough to fit into your
pocket. It however isnt the best quality to take pictures or videos with. It
does use a flash, but most of the time you need to set that yourself
manually.

Resolution is the pixel sharpness (density) of a digital image on a

computer or a digital camera. The dot pitch (how many pixels) determines
the limit of pixels. It may change depending on the screen size. You can
use resolution to enlarge images which will be an advantage to the user.
Storage is the place where all the data is kept in files. You can change the
file names so its easier to find what youre looking for. Putting selected
files into a folder allows you to transfer that folder onto a hard drive or
disk if you wanted to.

Optimising
Target destination is when data is moved or copied to somewhere else. This
image shows someone moving a file to maybe a disk. This is the process of
target destination.

Dimensions is the size of something in a certain direction. So a line on the

cube will be 1 dimension, the line and the height will be 2 dimensions and
the line, height and depth of a cube is 3 dimensions. The dimensions
change when you make the image bigger or smaller, what doesnt change
are the amount of pixels, they only grow when you enlarge the image as
they will have to cover more space.

Intended image output is what provides you with the guidelines on how
you should create the graphics. It allows you to create graphics which fit
on your website.
Optimising images allows you to save an image with good quality and a
smaller file size. It could be the same quality as an unoptimised image,
but the optimised file size will be a lot smaller.

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