Professional Documents
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/(
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20 - 5 100 / .
:
Hepatic Coma
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:
.
:
.
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14
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:
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24
24.
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125 - 80 /
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Uc
Sc
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24
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077 - 377 14 /
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14 .
:
- Gout
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-
Allpurinol Probenicid .
:
Total Lipids
( ) (
)
) Cholesterol ) (Triglyceride ,
1000 - 450 100 /
) )
-:
"" .
) ( Lipoproteins
.
() .
:
:
-
:-
1 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
) " TG" :
% 90 ) ( Chylomicron
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1 - 30
10 - 140 1.. /
31 - 40
10 - 150 1.. /
41 - 50
10 - 160 1.. /
51 - 60
10 - 170 1.. /
:
-
- ( LDL )
:-
( Fatty
)Liver
: Lipoproteins Analysis
-)( Chylomicrons
:-
HDL ) ( - lipoprotein % 25
% 45 -
HDL HDL
.
HDL
HDL
HDL
HDL .
) ( - Lipoproteins
% 75 - 50 LDL
LDL HDL
.
LDL 180 100 / ( 3.88 - 0.5 /)
LDL :
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) = Total Cholesterol - HDL Cholesterol - Triglyceride
5
Triglyceride mg/dl 400
LDL :
LDL Cholesterol
HDL Cholesterol
Total Cholesterol
35 - 55 55
HDL-Chol mg/100ml
45 - 65 65
150 - 190 150
LDL-Chol mg/100ml
________ ________
LDL - 3.8 - 5.9 3.8
Chol
3.1 - 4.6 3.1
35
45
190
________
5.9
4.6
Electrochemiluminescence and Elecsys 1010 Elecsys 2010
.....
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.....
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( ) " "
" "
( 1000/1)
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-5
TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH
Oxytocin
TSH
ACTH
GH
FSH +
LH
-:
( T4)Thyroxin ( ) T3
:
-1
-2
-3
-4
Calcitonin
.1 T3 T4
( )T4
T3 T4
T3 T4 :
() .
( )
() .
()
() T3
T3 T4 :
() .
( ) .
() .
5-105 /.
TSH
( )TSH :
- .
- .
( ). - .
( )1 :
( )2 :
/ :
/ :
Myxodema
: -:
Parathrmone
-:
" "
- :
: ( ) -: Adrenal gland
: :
-1
-2
-3
:
.
: .
( )
-1
-2 glucagon
.
: . ovary
-1 :
-:
:
440 - 70 /
620 - 220 /
70
130000 - 20000 /
330
70
FSH
( . ) LH
-2 :
.
(
)
10
28
14-7
ng/dl
100
6-1
ng/dl
20-150
28-15
ng/dl
250-2800
ng/dl
900-4700
ng/dl
ng/dl
1700-14700
5500- 20000
ng/dl
100
1
8 .
: Testis
.
.
nmol/l
nmol/l
9-38
( 0.35-3.8 )
* 3.5 nmol/l
* nmol/l
(1.4 )
: -: LH ( )Hormone Luteinizing
( )Hypothalamus
( )LH
( )Glycoprotein (
)Estrogens ( )Progesterone .
( )LH ( )Testosterone
.
( )LH 11-1 / .
81-05 /
( )LH 808-0 /
( )LH 108 /.
( )LH :
( )Menopause Normal ( Premature
.)Menopause
( )LH :
.
.
( .)Shihan Syndrome
( )Infertility
( )FSH
( )FSH :
( .)Menopause
( . )Climacteric
( .)Ovarian
( )FSH :
( ).
( .)Panhypopituitarism
( .)Anorexia Nervosa
( .)Hypogonadism
( )FSH -1
01 /.
( )Ovulation 11-8
/.
( )FSH 0105-0 /
( )FSH 105 /
-: ( .)Prolactin
.
( )Follicular Phases
( .)Luteal Phases
( )Amenorrhea ( .)Oligomenorrhea
( .)Oligospermia
( )Galactorrhea ( .)Gynecomastia
( .)Galactorrhea
* 15-8 /.
* 15 611 /.
*
00-6 /.
( )Phenothiazine
( )Haloperidol
.
-:
Bulimia - (
-:
*
*
3 8
* 37
*
*
*
( )Anabolic
.
( )Lipolysis .
( )GH 1088 /.
( )GH ( )Stress
( )GH .
( )GH
:
( )Dwarfism
( )Gigantism 01
( )GH
( :)GH
( )Stress
( .)Gigantism
( - - ).
( -).
( :)GH
( )Glucocorticoids 0
-: -:
.
:
.
Hepatitis C
"" (
. (
HIV
. ( 170
9 4 .
.
180,000
( 10,000 .
.
( .
()
.
( ) (A, B, C, E, D, G
.
15 . 30
" . " (
. .
%80 .
20 5
. (
. 600
.
( (
( 1989 .
( .1992
(ANTI-HCV).
()
:
( .
( .
( .
.
. 1991
( . (
( Hemophilia
.
.
( (
. (
.
:
(
.1
.
(
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( HIV
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()
( .
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.
()
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10 .
.
.
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.
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. .
(
( (
( HIV
( .
(
.
.
.
( .
( . (
.%6 .
.
.
( HIV . (
( .
.
.
ALT AST
( .
(
.
.
()
(
( .ANTI-HCV
( ELISA
( .
.
.
ALT.
5% (
( HCV-RNA.
( ALT
ANTI-HCV
.
( ANTI-HCV
(
HCV-RNA
.
()
(
:
( - .
( .
(
. (
( .
( ( ( .
( ( .
()
Alpha Interferon 3
ribavirin (
6 12.
( ) Biopsy
.
.
(
( excisional biopsy
(
( . incisional biopsy
( needle biopsy
( Core biopsy
1.5
12.5
.
( Fine needle aspiration
( CT scan
.
( Grading ( Staging
.
( biopsy
.
( )
( )
- / /
) (
-:
) Preanalytical ( -1
) Analytical( -2
) Postanalytical( -3
-:
-:
: 1
LE Cell (60%)
-1
ANA, Anti Dn\NA
-2
Infectious mononucleosis : 2
CBC Paul Bunuel Monospot (70%) -1
Serology for Epstein- Barr , Virus ( VCA,EIZNA) -2
VCA IgM
Stage
1- Primary EBV infection
+ve
(Early phase )
2-Primary EBV infection
+ve
(Transient phase )
3-Primary EBV infection
- ve
(Convalescent phase)
- ve
- ve
+ve
- ve
+ ve
+ ve
4- Reactivated infection
+ ve
+ ve
B
1-HBsAg
2-HBc IgM
+ ve
-: 3
Exposure &cusonicity
Recent infection
3-
HBc IgG
4-HBeAg
5-HBeAg
6-PCR
7-HBsAb
HCG in blood
Old infection
Infectivity
Partial convalescence
Viral replication(Viraemia)
complete recovery &Immunity
-: 4
: Latex -: 5
Rheumatoid factor, CRP, ASOT
Turbidimetry & Rephlonetry
( ) -: 6
Glycolated Hb
-:
Prgnancy Test
Thyroid function
Liver function
Kidney function
Diabtes profile
Antinatal and prenatal screening
Collagenic disease profile
) (
- -:
-1 -:
* -:
# 6 8 ( 12 )
# 10 12 ( 14 )
#
* : 4 7
* -:
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0
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-:
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* -: Renin
* , , 3 -: 0
* -:
* -:
3-2( FSH )
* 9 -: ACTH Cortisol 9
* -:
# , , , ,
# ( )
# , ( P.T , P.T.T
)
# ( )
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# :
-:
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0
* -:
20
30 Container0
* -:
* -: ,
,
* -: 0
* -:
-:
# 0
# 0
#
# 0
# 0
# ,
1 3
4.9%
Total protein
6.7%
Iron
4.7%
Total Lipids
5.1%
Cholesterol
9.3%
AST
8.4%
Bilirubin
6.2%
Potassium
# 0
# 0
&
# 0
#
Citrate 0.2 ml ----- EDTA ----- Citrate 0.4 ml ----- Serum
# (
0) Vacutainer
#
2 3 " "
# CBC 0 EDTA
# 0
25 18
- CK 0 LDH
# 0
# 0
# :
20 37 2000 5 0
#
# 0
# 0
#
0
- -:
-1 0
-2 ( , , )
0 Quality Control
-3 Kits
0
-4 0 Standard $ Control
-5 0
-6 0
-7 0
-8 0
-9 ( )
0
-10 0
-11 0 Pamphlets
-12 :
* ( )
Reagent
* (
0
-13 0 Accuracy & Precesion
* : Accuracy Calibrator
: 90-89-90-91-90
* : Precesion Calibrator
:
91-88-92-95-90
-14 Reagent
0
-15 Pipetting 0 Pipettes
)0
-19
0
-20 Lot 0
-21
0
-22 ( 2 3
) 0
- -:
# 0
# 0
#
#
0
-#
# -:
1- Bilirubin (Total) > Direct
2- 1 h value is the highest in sugar curve
.
3- HDL + LDL + VLDL = Total Cholesterol .
4- VLDL x5 = Triglycerides .
5- Cholesterol + Triglyceride < Total Lipids, usually 2/3.
6- CK Total > CKMB .
7- Drug peats > TCoughs.
8- Post Prandiel sugar > Fasting except in diabetics especially
insulin dependent.
-# GGT , Alk.phos. 0
-# Direct
1.5
-# PH 0
--- , 0 Amorph.urates ,
---
0 Amorph. Phosphates ,
-# %100 /
/ 0
-#
-#
-# :
TSH
T4,T3
1-
2- TSH
T4,T3
0
-# ( ) 0
:
Roche Hitachi 912 Chemistry Auto-analyzer
:
.
ELecsys 1010
Spectrophotometer 5010
Microlab 200
: 3
C.B.C
( BLOOD FILM )
R.B.Cs
R.B.Cs HB Content
Variation in Size
Variation in Shape
W.B.Cs
Granulocytes
Lymphocytes
Plateletes
Reticulocytes
!Error
THE GROWTH
OF BACTERIA
AFTER 24 hours.
(ELISA - PCR
Rapidlab 248
and 348 Systems
B C
C
PCR
Ventana