Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Project report
On
By Prashant Joshi
MMM II A
93152
CHINCHAWAD, PUNE
UNIVERSITY OF PUNE
Research Objective:
Introduction:
This report revolves around very common issue of present industrial
framework that is global warming. Environmental pollution is the
problem of this era which needs immediate identification and measures
to resolve. Environmentalists are concerned about the governmental
policies about the pollution measures. Environmental pollution is going
to be a major dilemma of the future if it is not fixed timely. Every
individual or organization is concerned about their short-term gains. But
no one cares about the impact of their shorter gains on the longer
period.
In this report, we put a sincere effort to bring forth this serious issue of
the use of plastic bags that harms the natural environment. We tried to
determine the level of consciousness of individual about environmental
pollution. This report will help you understand the awareness level of
people’s concern about the global warming and how the polythene bags
affect our environment. What if the use of the plastic bags is
discontinued, what consequences we should ready to face.
This report highlights the problems and the harms of using plastic bags
in depth & role plastic bags play in our daily routine lives. A long
detailed personal and telephonic survey has been conducted for this
reason.
Overview of the Plastic:
Every year, around 500 billion (500,000,000,000) plastic bags are used
worldwide. So many that over one million bags are being used every
minute and they're damaging our environment. India's plastics
consumption is one of the highest in the world. Yet, precious little has
been done to recycle, re-use and dispose of plastic waste. Plastic bags
are difficult and costly to recycle and most end up on landfill sites where
they take around 300 years to photo degrade. They break down into tiny
toxic particles that contaminate the soil and waterways and enter the
food chain when animals accidentally ingest them. The cows, buffaloes
& other milking animals accidently eat the plastic which causes problem
for them & for us also as the milk that we are consuming gets toxic, but
the problems surrounding waste plastic bags starts long before they
photo degrade.
What is pollution?
There are many types of pollution happening today, even in your city.
One type of pollution we hear about a lot here in Santa Barbara is oil
pollution. This can be spillage or even leakage of processed oil into
oceans. Other types of pollution include air pollution (the layer of brown
clouds you see when you go to Los Angeles and other big cities).
Pollution from sewage and drainage into rivers and oceans also is a
serious problem for our environment. Finally, deforestation and industry
development can also be thought of as ways the environment is being
polluted.
How does pollution affect rivers, oceans, and our ecosystem?
Our rivers, lakes and oceans are affected by pollution in many ways. First and
foremost, the organisms that live in these places are often harmed by
pollution. The water can be polluted by chemical and product leaks, which
may cause the animals that live in the water to get sick. Animals that are high
up on the food chain can also get sick from toxic build up in their bodies from
eating other affected animals and plants. Air pollution also has very negative
effects on our atmosphere. There is a hole in our ozone due to pollution in the
air. If this hole gets bigger we won’t be as protected from the sunlight and its
heat. Many years from now this could pose a serious threat to humans.
Secondary Research
From Australia to the U.K., and all across the U.S., politicians and
corporations are pondering banning or taxing plastic bags.
A hefty surcharge that began in 2003 in Ireland has spurred the public there to
spurn plastic bags almost completely in favor of reusable cloth totes.
Plastic sacks are also taxed in Italy and Belgium. Grocery shoppers must pay
for the bags in Switzerland, Germany, and Holland. Spain, Norway, and now
the U.K. are considering a ban or tax as well.
The political action in the U.K. on single-use plastic bags follows similar
gestures earlier this year in Australia.
There a national ban or tax is being hotly debated, though the state of South
Australia, which includes the city of Adelaide, has promised a ban on free
single-use bags by year's end no matter what.
The state's premier, Mike Rann, listed familiar reasons for the ban: The bags
contribute to greenhouse gases, clog up landfills, litter streets and streams,
and kill wildlife.
Banished Bags
Taiwan taxes the bags, and the cities of Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Mumbai,
India, ban them to prevent flood-inducing storm-drain clogs during monsoon
season.
Once jokingly called the "national flower," thin plastic bags have been banned
in South Africa since 2003; thicker ones are taxed. Similar measures exist in
Eritrea, Rwanda, Somalia, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda.
In the U.S., the cities of San Francisco and Oakland, California, ban the bags
and promote reusable and compostable sacks. Elsewhere in the state
supermarkets are required to take back and recycle the bags.
And some sort of action is an agenda item in seemingly every boardroom and
city hall across the U.S., according to Vincent Cobb, founder of Chicago,
Illinois-based Reusablebags.com.
Environmental groups welcomed the ban, but said it wasn't enough. Plastic
manufacturers said 100,000 people would lose their jobs.
Manufacturers and stores selling plastic bags will be fined Rs 5,000, while
individuals using bags face penalties of Rs 1,000, then Chief Minster Vilasrao
Deshmukh said.
Chief Minister said the ban was prompted by the indiscriminate use of plastic
bags, which blocked sewage and drainage systems during record monsoon
rains in July. Flooding and landslides killed more than 1,000 people in the
state & the ban came into effect from September 24th 2005.
Other Indian states have already banned the use of thin plastic bags-- 20
microns or .002 centimeters thick-- used by shoppers.
Residents blame haphazard planning, bad drainage and poor roads for the
flooding and landslides.
Effects of Anti-polythene Campaign:
"The ban is long overdue and very welcome," said Debi Goenka, an
environmentalist with the Bombay Environmental Action Group. Bombay is
the capital of Maharashtra state.
"But to say the flooding was just because of plastic bags is stupid," Goenka
said. "This has to be a first step." Environmental groups have demanded
preservation of open spaces and regular cleaning of drains and garbage.
Viewpoint
The manufacturers of the plastic bags oppose the ban on plastic bags,
arguing that, employment of thousands of person depends upon such
cottage industries, which manufacture polyethylene bags. The ban will
render many people jobless. They opine that in absence of polyethylene
bags, if papers are to be used then, it will involve cutting of more trees,
which is not advisable, the argue that this issue is basically that of
proper collection of the solid waste. If the waste is collected by the
municipal agencies on diurnal basis, then, there would be no
polyethylene bags in dust bins. Consequently, bags will not get air born,
to create nuisance. Collection of solid waste on diurnal basis will have a
beneficial impact. If all the solid wastes generated are collected
regularly, then the nuisance of plastic bags will be minimized to a large
extent.
1) Paper is made from a renewable resource, trees. We can plant more trees,
and we do!
2) Paper grocery bags are strong enough to hold up to 20 pounds of groceries
without breaking—and can be reused again and again.
3) Paper grocery bags are made by workers in the paper factory (and
recycled by paper mills here too).
4) You'll have plenty of containers to put your used paper, cans, or bottles in
for recycling.
5) Your groceries won't slide all over the car on the way home.
6) You can be part of the Billion Bags Campaign to reuse and recycle paper
bags and boxes.
7) Paper bags are the shopper's choice (according to a survey by Willard
Bishop Consulting).
8) Paper bags are biodegradable (a plastic bag would still be in a landfill
1,000 years from now).
9) The messages on paper grocery bags are printed with water-based inks.
These inks are safer for the environment and make is easier for paper mills to
recycle the bags into new paper.
Suggestions
1) There is need to create an awareness and develop a thinking that an
individual made a promise to himself as
a) I promise to recycle all the paper products collected in my
community (such as paper grocery bags, corrugated boxes, newspapers, milk
cartons, cereal boxes, mail, office paper, magazines, and catalogs).
b) I know the paper I recycle is used as a raw material to make new
paper products, so it is important to recycle right. I pledge to pay attention to
my community's recycling rules.
c) Because paper grocery bags can be reused and recycled, I promise
to say "Paper, Please" at the grocery store
Primary Research
In our primary research we tried to find out the awareness level among
people.
In this regard we use different techniques for getting information. The
following four survey techniques were used in the research process
O Personal Interviews
O Questionnaire
O Observation
O Telephonic Interview
Research Findings
MALE FEMALE
45% 55%
MALE
FEMALE
Yes No
100% 0%
3.5 100%
3
2.5
This means2that, people are now more aware about our environment.
1.5
1
Frequency of Grocery shopping
0.5
0
Twice a Daily Twice a Weekly Monthly Other
Day Week
Most number of people does the grocery weekly.
Do you think that decision to ban the use of plastic bag is good &
needed one?
Yes No
95% 5%
100
80
60
40
20
0
Yes No
95% of people think that, decision to ban the use of plastic is good & needed
one. They have welcomed it. 5
15
Did you ever notice after using the plastic bag what you did of it?
80
It seems that people are concerned towards the environment & they don’t
throw plastic waste in the open.
Have you heard of the ban on plastic bag in some areas of country or
worldwide and do you think that decision to ban the use of plastic is
good & needed one?
5
95
YES
It seems that, people are aware about plasticNO
ban & they have already heard
about it. They have also welcomed the decision of government to ban the
plastic bags.
Maximum people wants to encourage domestic industry, which very good for
the country.
Should a limited use of biodegradable plastic be allowed in the interest
of common man, if complete use of plastic is banned?
90
Maximum people think that an alternative of plastic i.e. biodegradable plastic
or safe plastic should be made into use as they concerned towards
environment, but at the same time facing the problem also
5
20
Can you say “NO” to plastic Bags & demand for other substitute?
75
Maximum people are ready to say no to plastic bags & at the same time they
are also willing to demand for alternatives but some of them are facing
problems.
According to you which are the best substitute to the plastic bag?
Paper bags 15%
Jute Bags (Cotton/cloth or Canvas) 30%
Both 55%
As the government has realised that banning plastic bags is not that easy, it
has been pursuing a more conciliatory approach with manufacturers. It is
learnt that even before the draft was prepared, the government has been
asking manufacturers to come up with a better solution.
The notion of EPR has also been mooted, but producers are not too keen on
being a part of the solution, said a government official.
"We are still waiting for them to find a way out instead of going for a ban which
is difficult to implement,’ he said.
The manufacturers are happy with the idea so long as they don't have any
role to play. But officials baulk at the logistics of this exercise if the
manufacturers stay away. The manufacturers, on their part, are keen to have
a ban on 20 micron bags continued.
"We have agreed to print our names on the plastic bags so it becomes easy
for the government to track the defaulter," said Kailash Murarka, of the All-
India Plastic Manufacturers Association.
What can be done?
Location ______________________________________
20 – 25 25 – 30 30 – 35 35 – 40 40 - 45
2) Education
pollution?
6) Have you heard of the ban on plastic bag in some areas of the
7) Do you think that decision to ban the use of plastic bag is good
day week
9) By not using the plastic bags, we can *you can tick
11) What difficulties you find in stopping the use of plastic bags?
12) Can you say “NO” to plastic bag at the time of shopping and
bag
______________________________________________________________
___________
15) Do you think it is better option to bring your own shopping bag
to market?
(cotton/cloth/canvas)
Please mention the disadvantages for using
(cotton/cloth/canvas)
Our research topic was to find out the awareness level among people
that to what degree they inclined towards the environmental friendly
products. And in this regard are they familiar about the harms of
polythene bags. And whether, they want to have some other alternative
available to take part practically towards the betterment of environment.
Limitations in research:
Secondary Research:
Internet
Magazines
Newspapers
Books on environmentalism
O We could not get the sufficient data related to our own country.
O Some websites were out of services
O Problem of fit between the data available and data requires
O Geographical Locations were also one of constrains to know
about people perception and behavior about global warming and
environmental friendly products.
Primary Research:
Our primary research comprises of
Questionnaire:
We get the questionnaire from the students of IBMR and the employees
of Infosys technology. But the major problem we faced was;
Non-response error
Conclusion:
We conclude that whether the use of plastic bags is seriously injurious
for the environment but according to research there are some
advantages and disadvantages of polythene bags:
Disadvantages of stopping polythene bag use
“The difficulty will last a few days, but it will be good for the future.”
In general, participants also felt that while polythene bags are bad for
the environment, they are far more convenient than current alternatives.
One man in particular expressed a wish for biodegradable one-use
bags. However, others expressed the feeling that one-use bags are
always bad for the environment. They still take time to biodegrade, and
thus could still block drains. If they are produced with chemicals they
will be bad for the environment, and if they utilize imported materials,
then they will be a drain on the economy, as opposed to the use of jute
bags.
Advantages of stopping polythene bag use:
One man expressed great pleasure at the ban, discussing the economic
as well as environmental advantages. He explained that since raw
materials are imported for production of polythene bags, and since the
bags are produced by machines and thus require little labour, there are
two economic disadvantages: loss of foreign exchange to import raw
materials, and few employment gains. He contrasted those problems
against the advantages of jute bags, which are produced with local
materials and employ far more people in their production
Recommendations:
To eliminate the problems being faced and to alleviate the solution, possible
recommendations are:
O The top three forth portion of the dust bins should be covered. This will
obstruct the flight of polyethylene bags.
O Since, the bags get air bone. Due its light weight the manufacture of
bags with adequate thickness is allowed to prevent its flight. The
Islamic Republic of Pakistan’s standard institution may prescribe the
thickness and the quality of the bags.
The city government, along with the plastic manufactures may start a mass
awareness program on a large scale. This will, at least, prevent the house
wives from the throwing the plastic bags outside of their homes.
O LIST OF SOURCES
O RESOURCE CONTSTRAINTS
O ACCURACY AND IMPORTANCE OF THE SOURCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Specifically we are going to bring in the issue of plastic (poly) bags; its threats.
And at the same time the need for the best alternatives. That maybe the
paper bag as well as the jute (cotton) bags. Since the topic seems to be and
actually is a very sensitive, it requires knowledgeable individuals and society
to understand and to create awareness and to tackle this problem
strategically.
Many of above mentioned URLs are run by the international NGOs and
governmental institutions, almost all of them are updated regularly and the
information available and so far that has come to our notice is efficient,
accurate, and updated.
The search engine Google that is used maximum internet user is also
updated in every second, we are looking into it for further investigation of
related regulatory authorities and more concerns related to our topic for report
as well as for the purpose of educating ourselves. Finally the resource
constraints like time money will definitely lead to compromise on quality and
quantity. But the effort would be of the highest level with a clear intention to
bring rigorous, precise, accurate and objective sort of results