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Source: Website

"Orthopaedics -OrthoInfo - AAOS." Orthopaedics -OrthoInfo - AAOS. AAOS, Oct. 2007.


Web. 17 Sept. 2015.
This article give a concise description of what the study of orthopedics is and
what it focuses on. Orthopedics originally centered on children with bone deformities in
their spines and limbs. It focuses on people who have broken bones or torn ligaments, but
now it can be for people of any age, not just children. Orthopedics surgeons complete up
to fourteen years of formal education. This topic is important to my research because I
cannot intern at an orthopedic office if I do not know what they are actually doing.
Source: Website
"What Is Kinesiology?" Kinesiology Connection. N.p., 2013. Web. 17 Sept. 2015.
Kinesiology is the study of natural health care in the combination of muscle
monitoring. It is closely related to orthopaedics, which is why it is important to know
with my internship. This practice focuses on using the bodys natural healing abilities
with some outside assistance to help the body repair faster. It can be used to reduce pain
and stress and improve performance in everyday life. I may not base my research off of
this topic, but it is another branch in to look into.
Source: PDF
Kanis, John A., L. Joseph Melton, III, Claus Christiansen, Conrad C. Johnston, and
Nikolai Khaltaev. "The Diagnosis of Osteoporosis." Journal of Bone and Mineral
Research27.10 (2009): 1002. Researchgate.net. Aug. 2009. Web. 23 Sept. 2015.
Osteoporosis is characterized by the loss of bone mass or by the deterioration of bone
tissue. This increases bone fragility and can increase fractures. This article talks about the
diagnosis of osteoporosis and how it is getting more accurate. Over the last fifteen years
the inconsistencies of the diagnosis are decreasing as technology and knowledge on the
disease are increasing. This article relates to my research because Orthopedics deal with
patients that have osteoporosis because of the their fractures and joint discomfort.

Source: Website
Heaney, R. P. "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition." Calcium Nutrition and Bone
Health in the Elderly. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1982. Web. 23 Sept.
2015.
A key factor in osteoporosis is age, but an increasing factor is poor nutrition and low
calcium intakes. Elderly people need less calcium than young people in theory; however,
the loss of estrogen or the increase in fiber, makes the elderly need more calcium.
Osteoporosis can be diagnosed for many reason, some of which that are more prevalent
than low calcium. however, this article relates to my research interest because I am
looking into nutrition and bone health. A problem with this article is that it is too old, I
would need a more recent one to base anything off of, but this is a good start.
Umadevi, N. "A Breif Study on Human Bone Anatomy and Bone Fractures." International
Journal of Computer Engineering Science 1.3 (2011): n. pag. Vixra.org. Journal of
Computer Engineering Science, Dec. 2011. Web. Sept. 30.
This article is about the bone anatomy of humans and developing a system to detect
fractures more easily in people. They describe the skeletal system as all the hard parts of
the human body along with the cartilages and joints. The bones, cartilages, and joints are
the main parts of the skeletal system. This article goes into depth with fractures
describing different types. This article was made in 2011 and it is very detailed with
diagrams and subsections. I plan on useing this article to reference major points of the
skeletal system.
"Lyme Disease -OrthoInfo - AAOS." Lyme Disease -OrthoInfo - AAOS. OrthoInfo, July
2007. Web. 05 Oct. 2015.
Lyme Disease is an infection that is usually transmitted through ticks. The symptoms start
at the site of the tick bite sometimes starting with a rash. In the beginning stages the
person will experience flu like symptoms or fever. The knee joint is usually the most
affected. In more dangerous cases the nervous system could break down. I still do not

know what I am researching, but a patient came in that may have Lyme Disease, and I
wanted to know more about it.

Source: Pamphlet
Clatworthy, Mark, and S. Landers. A Knee That Can Help You Get Back Sooner. Warsaw:
DePuy Synthes, 2014. Print.
I received this resource from my internship. This pamphlet explains the benefits of the
Attune Knee System. This replacement is for people who suffer from osteoarthritis and
need relief from pain or discomfort. After the cartilage from the knee is worn out due to
various reason, this knee replacement will help because it replicates a healthy knee. I plan
to use this in my research because it contains information about replacements.

Source: Pamphlet
Price, A. Your Guide to Oxford Unicompartmental Knee. Warsaw: Biomet
Manufacturing, 2004. Print.
I received this resource from my internship. The pamphlet explain the difference between
a total knee replacement and an Oxford knee replacement. In comparison to a total
knee replacement, the Oxford knee replacement only replaces only one of the three
needed compartments. It can either delay or take away the need for a total knee
replacement. I will use this in my research because it give an alternative to total knee
replacement.
Source: Pamphlet
A Guide to Osteoporosis Medicines. Washington DC: National Osteoporosis Foundation,
2009. Print.
This was given to me at my internship. This pamphlet gives the basic understanding of
osteoporosis and the medicines used to help ease it. Osteoporosis can be caused by many
things, including age, lack of vitamin D, genetics, a naturally thin anatomy, smoking, and
taking certain medications. This provides information on the basics of this disease and the

treatments available. I plan on using this to further my knowledge, but I am not sure if I
will include it in my research paper yet.
Source: Pamphlet
Lannin, John. Shoulder Replacement Surgery. San Bruno: Krames, 2000. Print.
I received this source from my internship. This is another pamphlet that highlights
replacement surgeries, however, this one focuses on shoulder replacements. This one
explains that, like knee replacements, once the natural cartilage has worn out a
replacement surgery is needed. The need for a replacement surgery can vary from
osteoarthritis, fractures, necrosis, and a rotator cuff tear. This also shows the benefits and
repercussions of a shoulder replacement. I plan on using this in my research because it
focuses on replacements.
Conrad, Stephen E. Knee Replacement: Improving Movement. San Bruno: Krames, 2011. Print.
This source was given to me at my internship. This pamphlet gives the basic information
about knee replacements and is not specific towards a certain type or brand. It explains
the difference between total and partial knee replacements, and the benefits and
downsides to each. It explain the surgery process and how to prepare for it, such as
completing any dental work. I plan on using this pamphlet in my research because it talks
about the basics of knee replacements.

Source: Website
"Delta Xtend Reverse Shoulder System." DePuy Synthes. DePuy Synthes, 25 Aug. 2015.
Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
This source was given to me by my internship. This is a specific shoulder replacement
that centers around a deficient rotator cuff. This replacement is called the Delta Xtend
and it can replaces previously failed joint replacements and fractures. This replacement is
a cementless procedure and needs to be put in place with screws or fixations. I may use
this in my research because it is a specific replacement that I can cite.

Source: Website
"What Is Osteoporosis?" What Is Osteoporosis? International Osteoporosis Foundation,
2015. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
This is a very basic article on what Osteoporosis is. The information it provides makes
the foundation for my research because if I do not understand this, I will not understand
my research. Osteoporosis means porous bone and that is what happens to the bone,
causing it be brittle and easily fractured. It can affect any gender, but it is most common
in women going through menopause. I plan on using this in my research because it
provides needed knowledge.
Source: Website
"Osteoarthritis." Fast Facts About. National Institute of Arthritis, Nov. 2014. Web. 28 Oct. 2015.
This article gives basic background on osteoarthritis. The information provided gives
basic knowledge of what the disease is and who is affects. Osteoarthritis is arthritis in the
joints because of worn down cartilage. It can affect any gender; however, it mostly shows
up in older people. I plan on using this article in my research because it is very
informative and gives me the basics I need in order to understand my topic.

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