The Middle East North

(Southwest Asia)
Birthplace of three major religions Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Creating the Modern Middle East

In the middle of ______________ continents = tangle of diverse ethnic groups

Followers of __________________________sweep out of Arabian Peninsula and

Mesopotamia
o

Mid ___________________

Most people adopt_____________________ religion and ____________________

language

Still Christians and _________________

Control all peoples for ___________ years peacefully

____________ century = Arabs can no longer control their huge empire = Turks
take over

Adopt Islamic religion

Control for more than ___________ years

Ottoman Turks take over

o

Freedom of _____________________________

Rivalry begins in late __________________ between ethnic groups want

_____________________________ homelands

Empire falling apart from within

World War I
o

Ottoman Empire chooses the ________________________________ (central

powers)

_________________________________________ between the winners to divide up

empire

__________________ convince Arab Peninsula to revolt by promising

independence and land of entire Arabian peninsula
______________________________

Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan established

as_____________________________ countries

Palestine an issue
1

Both _____________________ and _______________________ claim as their

homeland

______________________________ moving into the area makes Arabs who

already lived there __________________________________

Balfour Declaration

_________________

_________________________ government decreed

Support creation of a
___________________________________________________

Arabs wanted ______________________________________________

Arabs boycott __________________________

Jews ______________________________________

World War II
o

causes Jews to flood into Palestine as they are _________________________ of

other areas

Britain, who had been ruling over area for decades, leaves because they
dont have a
_______________________________________________________________

United Nations steps in after war and splits the area into _______________
countries
o

______________________________________ an international city not owned by

anyone

Jews ___________________________

Arabs ____________________________

________________________ created and attacked within hours = Jews win

____________________________ left with no country at all most flee to

_________________________________, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon

Israel

When Zionist settlers first arrive they have to reclaim the bad land areas
______________________________________________

________________________ long irrigation system through the Negev Desert

Produces almost all of its own___________________

Facing a ______________________________________

Mine minerals from the _________________________________

Use _______________________________________ population for

__________________________
o

Medical laser technology

Sophisticated weaponry

Aerospace equipment

Electronics

Most ________________________________ are in education, housing, and tourism

Huge waves of immigration ______________________ the country

________________________________ Israels democratically elected parliament

o

Religion vs non religion in the ______________________________________

Government cant agree on things =

___________________________________________

Arabs are the ___________________________________ and feel discriminated against

_______________ with neighbors and internally all the time

Israel attacks ____________________________ and Gaza strip in 1967 = Palestinians

flee again
o

1 million stay

1 million in __________________________________________

Some resume lives elsewhere, some still holdout the dream of a

Palestinian state

PLO = ____________________________________________________________________
o

Palestinian government in ________________________

Refuse to recognize ____________________________ as a country

_______________________________ hijack planes, kidnap and kill Israeli

civilians, and conduct raids on Israeli communities

Find a home in ________________________________ =Israel attacks Lebanon

Israel imprisons exiled PLO members

Peace negotiations start in the_____________

Gaza and West bank given back

Terrorists attacks on ______________________

Israeli assassinates PM Yitzhak Rabin November ________________

Palestine tries to declare independence in ____________________

Still conflict!

Mossad Israeli International Intelligence

Jordan

Greatly affected by the conflicts around them

Mostly dry, rocky __________________________

West bank = fertile growing land

o

Vegetables, fruit, and wheat

Sheep and goats

Lose it when they attack Israel in ____________________

About __________________of population are Palestinian refugees

Constitutional ________________________________

Lebanon

Mild climate with beautiful _____________________________

Open social and political atmosphere

Thriving _______________________________

Capital = _____________________________

Tourism, banking, trade

Paris of the Middle East

Become independent of __________________ in 1943 power divided up among

religious groups

Maronite Christians

Sunni Muslims

Shiite Muslims

Greek Orthodox Christians

Druze

___________________________________ leaves country in ruins

o

1958

1975

Palestinian refugees coming in =___________________________ attacking Lebanon

USA sends in thousands of ____________________________________ to help in 1980s

o

Explosive filled truck blows up US embassy in 1983 =

__________________________
6

Explosive filled truck blows up marine barracks in October 1983 =

_____________________

February 1984 = all American troops

_____________________________________________

Anarchy and militias

o

Kidnapping and ________________________

Steel _____________________

Machine_______________

Modern Lebanon
o

Problems with Israel and ________________________

________________________________ Islamic military group based in Lebanon

Syria

Capital = _______________________________

Rich farmland cotton, what, fruit, and vegetables

No modern ____________________________

No _____________________________________________________

Government tries to help _______________________________

Other countries dam the water flowing in

General Hafez __________________________________

o

Takes power in ________________

Little ______________________________ freedom

Destroys Hama and opposition in _____________________

Family still in power

______________________________________________ = can do what you wish to get

answers

Human rights violations reported

Syrian Civil War

o

Begins with Arab spring in ______________

Different Muslim groups grapple for power

______________ million homeless in country

Almost ___ million have fled the country as refugees

7

Iraq

Tigris and Euphrates ________________________

Farming was the largest industry forever

Then they discovered ___________ in the 1920s

o

________________ of dollars put back into economy

Builds roads, airports, hospitals

Schools and universities

Rebuilds their ancient capital city of _____________

War since ______________

Saddam _____________________________

Iran dispute

Border dispute

Iraq uses tanks, airplanes, and _____________________________

Oil fields start getting blown up = _____ step in to protect shipping lanes

USA and USSR offer to help ___________________

We also secretly sell weapons to _____________________

1988 ____________ cease fire agreed to

Persian Gulf War

o

1990 - Saddam Hussein decides to attack ___________________ and says it is

also Iraq now

________________ and United Nations step in and take Kuwait back

______________________ used not allowed in rules of war

______________________ Iraqi soldiers killed

Tens of thousands of ________________________ killed

Baghdad badly damaged

________________________ of Iraq goods by UN

Today
o

Saddam Hussein __________________________

Elections held in __________________________

America leaves in _________________________

Civil War between ________________ groups

8

Debate to split into ______________ sections

_______________________ in the Northeast

________________________ in the West

____________________________ in Southeast