Education

Introduction

Recently, technology is used by a lot of people and effects all over the world.
When technology becomes more and more prosperous and useful in last few
decades, computers start to replace some traditional teaching methods and
even teachers places and importance. However, there are also many people
who oppose using computers to teach and learn. Is it really essential for
students and teachers to have computers in schools? Will computers help
them to their studying and teaching? This annotated bibliography will discuss
five different academic articles that argue for and against computers in the
school. To begin with, we will look at articles that argue that computers can
replace traditional teaching methods and then discuss the articles which say
they are only a tool. We will show that they cannot replace teachers place
and also cannot teach students basic skills.

Article1: Riley, R. W. (1995-96) Computers Education Is Vital for Students of

the Future.
Summary
Advanced technology will bring high quality of life in America if they can adjust
to new environment.
The principle of our democracy for all children is free public education. We
must encourage children to enter the digital era so that we can have returns
and get results.
Computer education should be available to everybody. Also, community
leaders have to ensure that children are not left behind. The best teaching can
be brought to the most remote areas by the latest satellite and distance
learning skills.

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Some good results have been produced by learning system for small-income
students in remedial programs. It will supply abundant returns if the money is
invested on education. With the spread of technology in America since 1990,
Americans life changed dramatically.
The first thing we have to know is that technology is an investment. Schools
should not only be sure in their commitment and be fair in their distribution but
be adjustable in their implementation. They need to adjust to every change,
not be inflexible with just one way of doing things because they cant respond
to new differences.
The students learning, teachers teaching techniques and the school system
can be improved by technologys help. New technology has already changed
the traditional education.
Critique:
In this article, Computer Education is vital for Student of the Future Riley, R
(1995) argues that technologies should be available for the classroom.
Riley is the secretary of the U.S. Department of Education. Although it was
written in 1995, the material and the points are still valid. The language is not
easy to understand and some of the words are technical.
This article is not very impartial because the author is the secretary in the U.S.
He is sometimes partial to his own country. The arguments do not seem to
support the main point completely. But the article is well organised because of
the clear sub-headings before each paragraphs.
Actually, the article was quite useful to answer the research question, should
computers replace textbooks, whiteboards and other traditional teaching
methods in every subject? In my opinion, I would like to answer yes after
reading this article. Nevertheless, I still have to search for other articles to
support and give other ideas about this argument.

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Article 2: Information Revolution Will Transform Education. (1995).

Summary:
This article describes how education has been transformed by the
information revolution first, in America before the civil war education was
focused on elementary skills. Second, in the end of 19 th century the factory
school model appeared. The model as large buildings where students set in
with teacher is front of the classes.
The post-industrial form of society needs a similar form of education where
students will be flexible for learning many new skills and they will need to
connect their life with the community.
The clue in this new model of school is the technology. Traditional schools
have to change into a new model where students lean how to communicate
and .how to assume that they are responsible for their education. Moreover,
teachers help students to work in their abilities to organize information. Also,
they change from teachers to guides or mentors. Lastly, tradition classes will
be modification because schools should be open all day and each classroom
will be with students of different ages.
Critique:
In this article, the information revolution will transform education discusses
different period of education and a new model of education.
This article founded by U. S. the national academy of sciences congress to
advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. So, this
source is reliable. It was written in 1995, but still useful. The language is not
difficult to understand and the article has clear titles to help us easier to follow
and understand it.

The information appears well; also there is enough

evidence for the arguments.

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This article shows how the education changed by technology and a new
model of education did. But this article is not helpful to answer the research
question, should computers replace textbooks, whiteboards and other
traditional teaching methods in every subject? My answer is no after reading
this article. I have to search more other articles.

Article 3: Boe, K. (n.d.). Technology Support Learner-Centered Principles.

Summary:
This article by Karen Boe (n.d.) argues that in today classrooms the teacher
needs all the technology and web based programs to assist them in their job
off teaching the next generation of students.
The Learner - Centred Principles theory which is a book called LearnerCentered by Author Barbara L. Mc Combs, is designed to help the teacher
out like a teacher aid, in the way that its a individual learning tool over the
more traditional whole group discussion that the classroom offers (or used to).
The learner is a way that the students learns and retain new information by
the process of brain simulating and making the students challenge their
reference, pace and unique capabilities they have.
The main technology can support Leaner-Centered principles in these two
ways:
Researching and letting the individual students create the original products
based on their knowledge that they have acquired while they have been
studying, they can use all the technology at their finger tips to do so much as
web pages, forms, excel spreadsheets, word docs, pics, etc., to let them
develop and understanding of how to integrate everything that they have
found, for example, information into a single original product.

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The students will find it sometimes exciting and frustrated, others even angry
and difficult, but in them doing this will become more aware of how technology
is there to help them, not to hinder them and in long term to increase their
retention and performance on standard tests that they will have in the future.
In summing up it will be hard for some teaching methods to change, by
incorporating technology into their programs, but it is for the best in the long
term for the students it wont happen over night but it will happen. It might take
3-5 years for the teacher to up the right curriculum which includes technology
and the way that students learn from it.
Critique:
In this article, Technology Support Centered Principles Boe K (n.d.) argues
the importance of updating the techniques of the teachers by using computers
as a tool that allow tem to teach according to the needs of new students
generation.
Boe is a math and Science teacher at San Diego Unified School District, so
this source can be considered reliable.
Even when the principle Learner- Centered that is analyzed in this article
was designed in 1997, the author emphasizes that it have been designed to
support teaching standards and assessment which allow it to be useful in
actual days.
The article is short and some technical words are used in it, however it is easy
to understand the objective that the author is mentioning and transmitting to
the reader.
The author shows clearly the importance of the integration of the technology
as a support of the Learner Centered Principles which is by the original author
Barbara L.

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The article contains enough shirt but enough evidence to support the main
points discussed by the author and helps to answer the researched question
should computers replaces textbooks, white boars and another traditional
teaching methods in every subject?.
In my opinion after reading this article, I think that computers should be a tool
to helps teachers to develop their methods and allow the students to learn in
active and dynamic class using their creative and critical thinking.

Article 4: Gelernter, D. (1994). Computers cannot teach children basic skills.

Summary:
This article by David Gelernter (1994) discuss that the American government
have spent approximately $2 billion on providing computers in the schools.
The government is trying to supply a computer in every classroom.
Computer can enhance the teaching of subjects like art and music which are
considered unnecessary and make subject like science easy to understand,
that is why they are important tools in the school. However, students will not
learn arithmetic or correct their spelling because they have computers.
Through multimedia text, sound, and pictures that students can browse on
screen, they become more uninterested in reading books.
There are three conditions that would enable computers to do noticeable
things in the classroom.
First one is that new programs for different areas are required for new
generations of children in order to improve their capacities and to bring them
wide ways of learning that allow them to experiment with the knowledge.
Secondly, computers should be used as a tool to assist teacher in their
method of teaching, not as a total replacement for them.

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The third and last condition mentions the importance of the students need for
contact with teacher to increase their learning, not forgetting that computer
brings some benefits into the classroom but same time have some
disadvantages.
Critique:
In this article, Computers cannot teach Children basic skills, the author
discusses some advantages and disadvantages of computers in the schools.
And he mentions that computers are not used in the right way.
David Gelernter is a professor of computer science at Yale University so, this
source is reliable. It was written in 1994, but still related and helpful. The
language is not easy to understand and it uses some old fashion expression.
The article has clear titles but still was very not easy to understand .The
information appears well and there is enough evidence for the arguments.
This article shows some benefits of computers but also shows some worries
about computers in education system. This article is helpful to answer the
research question, should computers replace textbooks, whiteboards and
other traditional teaching methods in every subject? My answer is no after
reading, I still need to search other articles to support this argument.
Article 5: Criss, K. (2006). Disadvantages of Computers in the Classroom.
Summary:
Computers can not only help us to learn but also be used in wrong ways. This
article discusses the disadvantages of having computers in the classrooms.
Lots of software holds the childrens attention but they do not educate them.
Its more likely for entertainment rather than education. Its not easy for
teachers to pay no heed to each student when they are using the Internet at
one time. Computers are not available to each individual student. Teachers
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who spend time on interacting with students comment that there are many
difficulties to teach with computers. Computers are appealing to students.
Spending too much time on computers will injure bodies. Many teachers have
no ideas about a computer. Internet which computers have is easy to enter, so
it wont protect children from child predators and inappropriate content.
To sum up, computers in the classroom may not give the appropriate
education to students and not be available to each student. When students
are on screen, it is hard for them to pay attention to teachers. It will waste time
and cause problems for an inexperienced teacher using computers. Most
schools may have difficulties if they would not like to have a technician.
Overusing computers is harmful to childrens health. The most scary thing is
that some children can be targeted by child predators when they browse the
web without filtering.
Critique:
In this article, Disadvantages of Computers in the Classroom Criss, K (2006)
argues that computers in the school will cause many problems.
Katie Criss is a graduate with a dual degree in Early Childhood Elementary
Education, so the source can be considered reliable. The language is not
used too technical. The material is not out-of-date so it can be believed.
The article is quite easy to read and well organised. It repeats the
disadvantages at the end of the article. It makes the main ideas clearer. There
are enough evidences to support the main point and the author proves the
point successfully. The information is well-researched and still valid. But it
doesnt mention about the advantages of computers in classroom so the
author hasnt presented the other side.
The article was not hard to understand the disadvantages of computers in the
classroom. It can help me to answer the research question, should computers
replace textbooks, whiteboards and other traditional teaching methods in
every subject? In my opinion, after reading this article, Id like to answer yes.
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Nevertheless, I have to find other researches to balance both side of

viewpoints.

Conclusion:
To sum up, technology is making dramatic changes in peoples lifestyle in
many countries. Computers are becoming to take an important place in
classrooms as a useful tool to support teachers methods in order to bring
better learning to the students. Connecting students learning with classrooms
to home can encourage them to study especially for students who live in
remote area. It can help more and more people to have chances to learn.
On the other hand, learning by using computers will reduce reading skills.
Students have different ways of learning that are from books to multimedia
approach. In addition, we believe that the most important influence for
students is that overuse computers will affect childrens health. Sitting in front
of computers for a long time will hurt their bodies. Computers cant teach
children like teachers that they can face to face with students.
In brief, computers have significant effect in our lives, but we still need
teachers in our schools to give students basic skills. That is to say, computers
cannot take the place of teachers.

Reference List
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Boe, K. (n.d.). Technology Support Learner-Centered Principles. Retrieved

August 21st, 2007, from http://coe.sdsu.edu

Criss, K. (2006). Disadvantages of Computers in the Classroom.

Ezine@rticles: Reference-and-Education. Retrieved August 14th,
2007, from http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Katie_Criss

Gelernter, D. (1994). Computers cannot teach children basic skills. In Paul

A. W. (Ed.). Current Controversies: Computers and Society. Retrieved
August 11th, 2007, from Opposing Viewpoints Resourse Center
database.

Riley, R. W. (1995-96) Computers Education Is Vital for Students of the

Future. In Paul A. W. (Ed.). Current Controversies: Computer and
Society. Retrieved August 9th, 2007, from Opposing Viewpoints
Resource Center database.

Information Revolution Will Transform Education. (1995). In Paul A. W.

(Ed.). Opposing Viewpoints: The Information Revolution. Retrieved
August 15th, 2007, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center
database.

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