83.

3-12
:

a 2 2a 5 a 2 (2 a 5)
b
b
b
a 2 2a 5 3a 3 3( a 1)
b
b
b
3
5
)
x 1 2x 1
3(2 x 1)
5( x 1)
( x 1)(2 x 1) ( x 1)(2 x 1)
3(2 x 1) 5( x 1)
( x 1)(2 x 1)
6x 3 5x 5
x 2
( x 1)(2 x 1) ( x 1)(2 x 1)

1a)

1
x

1
1
y x 1
y ( x 1)
x( x 1)
xy ( x 1) xy( x 1)

xy
xy ( x 1)

y x 2 x xy x 2 2 xy x y
xy ( x 1)
xy( x 1)
x
2
1
4
2
x
1
x 1 1 x
2
1
x
.
4
2
x 1 x 1 x 1
xy

x 4 1 ( x 2 1)( x 2 1)

( x 1)( x 1)( x 2 1)
:

2
x

x
1
2
x 1
1 1 x
2
2 x( x 1) 1( x 2 1)( x 1)
( x 2 1)( x 1)( x 1)

2 x3 x x3 x 2 x 1
( x 2 1)( x 1)( x 1)
( x2

x2 1
1)( x 1)( x 1)
( x 2 1)
1)( x 1)( x 1)

( x2
1
,
2
x 1

x 2 1 0.

2a 1 3 x 1 x 2 2a 1 (3 x 1) ( x 2)
a
a
a
a
2a 1 3 x 1 x 2 2a 2 x 2 2(a x 1)
a
a
a
1
5
) 2
2
x 4x 4 x 4
1
5
2
( x 2) ( x 2)( x 2)

1( x 2)
5( x 2)
2
( x 2) ( x 2) ( x 2) 2 ( x 2)
6x 8
x 2 5 x 10
2
( x 2) ( x 2) ( x 2) 2 ( x 2)
2(3 x 4)
( x 2)2 ( x 2)
a b c
)
2x y 6 z
a 3 yz b 6 xz c yz
6 xyz
6 xyz 6 xyz
3ayz 6bxz cyz
6 xyz

5
4
1
2a 4 a 2 4 a 2
5
4
1
2(a 2) ( a 2)(a 2) a 2
5(a 2) 4 2 1 2( a 2)
2(a 2)(a 2)
5a 10 8 2a 4
2(a 2)(a 2)
7 a 14
2(a 2)( a 2)
7(a 2)
2(a 2)( a 2)
7
, a 2 0
2(a 2)

1
x

1
x c c x
x c x c x
3
2
1 3x 2 x ( x c)
x c x c x
x( x c)
3x 2 x x c
c
x( x c)
x( x c)

xy 1 xy 1
4
xy 1 1 xy 1 x 2 y 2
4
xy 1 xy 1
2 2
xy 1 xy 1 x y 1
( xy 1)( xy 1) ( xy 1)( xy 1) 4
x2 y 2 1
)

x 2 y 2 2 xy 1 x 2 y 2 2 xy 1 4
x2 y 2 1

3a 1 a 1
3a
2a 6 a 3 2(a
3a 1 2(a 1)
2(a 3)
a 3
1
, a
2(a 3) 2

1 a
3) a
3a 1
2( a

1
3
2a 2
3)

2 x 2 y 2 2 2( x 2 y 2 1)
2, x 2 y 2 1 0
2 2
2 2
x y 1
x y 1
x 1
1
2
)
2
2
x 3 x 9 x 6x 9
x 1
1
2
x 3 ( x 3)( x 3) ( x 3) 2
1 ( x 3) 2 ( x 1)( x 3) 2( x 3)
( x 3)( x 3) 2

3 0

x 2 6 x 9 ( x 2 4 x 3) 2 x 6
( x 3)( x 3) 2

x2 6x 9 x2 4 x 3 2 x 6
( x 3)( x 3) 2
4x
( x 3)( x 3) 2
)
2

:
( x y z) 2
.
xyz

2
x

2
y

2
z

2
x

2
y

2
z

(x

y z )2
xyz

(x

y z )( x
xyz

x2

xy xz

yx

y 2 yz zx zy z 2
xyz

y z
xyz

x2

y2 z2
xyz

2 yz 2 xz 2 xy x 2
xyz

y2

z2

y z)
2 yz 2 xz 2 xy x 2
xyz

y2

z2