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    © All Rights Reserved
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    683 views22 pages

    Math League Press Contest - 2

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    Math League Contest 2

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    HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CONTESTS Math League Press, PO. Box 17, Tenafly, New Jersey 07670-0017 All official participants must take this contest at the same time. Contest Number 2 tivtecute hw? non) gusseedge ance waact, November 28, 2006 Name ‘Teacher Grade Level Score Time Limit: 30 minutes NEXT CONTEST: JAN. 9, 2007 Answer Column 2-1 What is the only number less than /2006 whose square is 2006? 2 2-2. A rectangle is divided into two congruent 3 22 isosceles trapezoids, as shown. The lengths of the legs of both trapezoids are4and5. 4| 5, 4 The length of the shorter base of both trap- | ezoids is 3. What is the area of the rectangle? 3 2-3, One 4-tuple that satisfies a44?4.c2+d* = abad is (2,2,2,2). What is the 2-3. largest number x for which (2,2,2,2) satisfies 2 +b?+c?+d? = abed? 24, filled 49 packages with big and small pens. No package was left empty, and all the packages were filled differently. For example, a package could have been filled with 3 pens in only 4 ways: 3 big, 2 big & 1 small, 1 big & 2 small, and 3 small. What is the least {otal number of pens I could ‘have put in these 49 packages? 2-5. What is the only pait of real numbers (2,8) which satisfies both, 28. @+al* = 30 and b+ba? = 907 2-6. Whatis the area of a semicircular region tangent to two sides ofa | 2-6. unit square, with endpoints of its diameter on the other two sides? SPE ACHE LE: ‘and High Shoal (Os 2.23, Lesgue Pies, BO: Box 17, nati, © 2006 by Mathematics Leagues Ine Visit our Web site ot worwimathleague com Contest # 2 Answers & Solutions 11/28/06 Problem 2-1 Ifx? = V2006, then x = + ¥7006. We are told that x < ¥I006, so x =[_V2006 Problem 2-2 3 3 As shown in the diagram at g} i Fi the right, the area of the : rectangle is 4x9 = [36| ES oe Problem 2-3 B+P+P+d? = 8d,s0 P8412 0 Solving, d = 2 or d = [6] Problem 2-4 There are 2 ways to package 1 pen (1 big, 1 small), 3 ‘ways to package 2 pens (2 big, 1 of each, 2 small), and 4 ways to package 3 pens (3 big, 2 big & 1 small, 1 big & 2 small, 3 small). In general, there are n-+1 ways to package n pens. To let me make a total of 2434+4+5+6+74849 = 44 packages, I'd need 2(1) + 3Q) +40) + 5(4) +65) + 76 +8) +98) = 240 pens, or more. To make 49 packages, | needed at least 5(9) = 45 more pens The total number of pens T used was at least 240+45 = [285 Problem 2-5 Since b(@?+a?) = 90 and a(a?-+b?) = 30, b/a = 3, or b = 3a, Substituting, a(a?+9a2) = 30 ++ 100 = Bera = 3 e+ (ab) =[(95,393)] Problem 2: ABAO is an isos. rt triangle with hypotenuse OB = 1, so OA =1IVZ. Since OC = 1, 1 AC = Land AC = AO+OC, 1 = 1+ (WZ) Hence, r =v. The area is 17/2 [x(3-2V2)] ~ 05390. Contests welten and compiled by Steven R. Conrad & Daniel Flegler © 2006 by Mathematics Leagues Ine. HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CONTESTS ‘Math League Press, RO. Box 17, Tenafly, New Jersey 07670-0017 All official participants must take this contest at the same time. Contest Number 2 Suicastehnel non igi gts anety wader November 30, 2004 Name Teacher Grade Level Score Time Limit: 30 minutes NEXT CONTEST: JAN. 11, 2005 Answer Column 2-1, What are both values of x that satisfy (x + 1) = 4? 2A. 2-2, Pat squared two different positive integers and added the results Al | 22 though Ali did the same thing and got the same sum, S, Ali’s inte- gets were different from Pat's. What is the least possible value of S? 2-3. Iwo perpendicular radii of a quarter-circle are 23. sides of a square, as shown. The length of each side of the square is 4. A line segment connecting midpoints of opposite sides of the square is split into two parts by the quarter- circle. How long is the longer part? 24. Iin= 099... 99has 2004 digits to the right of the decimal point,each | 2-4 a9, whatiis the 2004th digit to the right of the decimal point in Yi? 2-5. How many different points in 3-dimensional space have 3 positive | 25 integral coordinates whose sum is 100? 2-6. Two boys, walking together, were 26 3/8 of the way across a railroad bridge when they saw a train ap- proaching at 60 km/hr They ran at the same speed towards oppo- site ends of the bridge, each artiv- ing at an end of the bridge just as the train aztived at that end. How fast did the boys run, in km/hi? © 2004 by Mathematics Leagues Inc Visit our Web site ot www mathleague com Contest # 2 Problem 2-1 Method I: Taking square roots, x+ b= servation, x = [I.=1 #2. By ob- Method II: Squaring, eared = 4 Rearranging, 2-144 = (e-L)? = 0. Therefore, x = 4, 5027 = Landx = +1. Problem 2-2 Use trial and error, or make the addition table below: Az See Orsmetneaaaoa vu 37 50 65 82 ze 40 53 68 85 3 58 73 90 ae 65 80 97 5 74 89 106 e 85 100 117 zp 98 113 130 ig 128 145 oh 162 Take a closer look at this interesting table! There’s only one way that squares of different positive integers can add up to 50, so the answer cannot be 50. In the equation 1? + 8% = 65 = 4? + 74, che integers are different, so the answer is [65| Problem 2-3 Method 1: Let the center of the circle be (0,0). Let the vertical line intersect the quarter-circle at (2,9) Then (2—0)7+ (y-0)? = 4 = 16, soy = [viz] ‘Method II; Since (2,9) lies on the circle x44’ 449? = 16, s0 9? = 12, ete. ‘Method III: The quarter-circle’s onzontal radius is spit in half by a vertical segment, as shown Since r = 4, the dotted radius makes a 60° angle with the hori- zontal radius, as shown, The long- cer part of the vertical segment has length 2V3 jav3 2 Answers & Solutions 11/30/04 Method IV: Let x be the length wwe seek. In the full circle, the (2 products of the segments of the (_4 intersecting chords are equal ‘Therefore, we can write (x)() = (442)@); 80x = VIZ. Problem 2-4 IfO O anda = |x—22/7], then x = 22/7:4a, so the sum is always 44/7.) Problem 2-4 The sum is oxld unless both integers are even or both are odd). After we choose one integer, 999 remain; bat only 5001 = 499 have the comect patity. The probability is [299/999] (NOTE: When rounded to 4 significant digits, the approximate answer is 04995 } Problem 2-5 ‘The successive positions occupied by the dancer origi- nally in front are: 1, 3, 5, 2,9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 1. The dancer originally in the fist position is back there after [20] clangs Problem 2-6 Three examples of 5 such integers are 242424141 = 2XDXDXIXL = 6 JIFIFIFL = HGXIXDE = 9, and $+2+14+1+1 = 5%2x1x1X1 = 10. There are ro other examples (see the proof below) The three possible products are [8.9,10] (NOTE: One way fo construct one set of n positive integers whose sum and product are equal is to assign the value n to the first term, 2 to the second term, and 1 to each of the final n—2 rerms ] Proof: Let | sa 0 equal to its reciprocal is 1, so athe = 1. The infinitely many corect answers each specify fany 3 unequal rational #3 whose sum is 1| [INOTE: One comect answer is $, $, Problem 2-4 ‘Method I: Each team plays 45 games, but 16% 45 is ‘nor the afiswet. Since each game is played by 2 reams, the answer is half that, [360] ‘Method II: The number of pairings is (9) = 120, and the number of games each pait plays is 3, so che ‘answer is 110x 3 = 360. Problem 2-5 Method I: To simplify the product, just rewtite it as (10+ 1) (102+ 1) (104+ 1) (108+) (10'S4+1) = 1410+ 1PH1O +. +10°+1051 = 111... 111 Eachof these 32 digits is a 1, so their sum is [32] Answers & Solutions 12/4/01 Method Il: Multiply and divide the second line of Method I by (10-1). The product collapses quickly. The product of the first two factors is (10’—1). This and (107-+1) collapse into (10+—1). The final result = (10°21) /(10—1) = 99... 99)/9= 11... 11. The numerator, 10°2—1, has 32 digits The digit sum is 32 Problem 2-6 Method I: Use the Pythagorean “Theorem in the tight triangle in the lover left comer of the diagram to gets? + 122 = (24-1), sor = 9. The ciscle's area is [B11] t Method I: From the lower left comner of the Gothic arch, the length of the tangent to the circle is 12, the length of the secant fiom the same point is 24, and the length of the external segment of that secant is 24—2r. Since the length of the tangent is the mean proportional between the length of the secant and the length of its external segment, it follows that (tangent length)? = (secant length) (external segment length), and that 12? = (24)(24—2r). Solving, r = 9, and the atea of the cicle is 81 [NOTE: In the diagram, the line through the centers passes through the point of tangency because of the theorem that says that if two circles ate internally tangent, the line through theic centers passes through the point of tangency] Contests written and compiled by Steven R, Conrad & Daniel Flegler (©2001 by Mathematics Leagues Tne. HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CONTESTS Math League Press, PO. Box 17, Tenafly, New lersey 07670-0017 for wit + toe sees Contest Number 2 Stsimascorhaves(orcon)gnitendigescorectyrundel November 14, 2000 Name ‘Teacher Grade Level Score Time Limit; 30 minutes NEXT CONTEST: DEC. 12, 2001 Answer Column 24, If mis a positive integer, what is the largest possible value of 2A. i 1 + + 2 Ge?” 3? 2-2, Which is larger, 2° or 3002 2-2, 23. Inacettain cicle, the numerical sum of the area and circumference | 2-3. is 3602 How long is a radius of this circle? 24, What is the smallest positive integer that leaves a remainder of 10 | 2-4. when divided into 200? 25. Lines with slopes ~1 and -2are drawn through the 25. first quadrant point (a,b), as shown, forming one triangle with a side on the x-axis and one triangle with a side on the y-axis What is the total area of (ab) the two (shaded) triangles? (Waite your answer ex- : plicitly in terms of @ and b) 2.6. Working alone, Holmes puts two coats of paint on 26 a wall, one before and one aftet lunch. One day Holmes began at the usual time, and two hours before lunch he was joined by Watson, who paints at the rate of 600 m? per day, and who left when they finished the first coat. Holmes promptly began the second coat, and then he broke for lunch at the usual time. One hour be- fore his normal quitting time, Holmes had painted a second coat ev- erywhere except where Watson had painted that morning. If each man works at a constant ate, what was the area of the wall, in m7? © 2000 by Mathematics Leagues Inc Visit our web site ot hitp://www mathleague com Contest # 2 Problem 2-1 Method I: The largest sum occurs when n is as small as possible. When n = 1, this sum is ‘Method Il: Graph y = 44+—L 5 +1. When hy a aa eae x=1,y = 136111 1 +s which isa laiger value of y than for any other positive integral value of x Problem 2-2 Since 2300 = (23)1000 and 32000 = (52) 1000, we need ~ to compare only 23 and 3%, Since 2 < 3?, the larger ‘of 230% and 37000 is [32 Problem 2-3 A= a? and C = Lan so m?+2m1 = 360m Since 1 > 0,12+2¢-360 = (1-18) (r+20) = 0 +r = [18 Problem 2-4 Any number that leaves a temainder of 10 when di- vided into 200 must be.a factor of 200—10 = 190 ‘The primo factors of 190 ate 2, 5, and 19. The small- ‘st factor of 190 that’s greater than 10 is [19] Problem 2-5 Method I: Using the pointslope ‘method, the steeper line's equation is 2cty = 2a, while the equa- tion of the other line is x+y = "ab. Since the lines! y-intercepts are 2a-+b and a+b respectively, the base of the laiger shaded ti- angle ty (2a+b)— (a+b) = a. Simi- larly, since the x=intercepts ate a+b and a+ (b/2), the base of the smaller shaded ti- Answers @ Solutions 11/14/00 angle is (a+b]~[a+(b/2)] = b/2. Finally, the larger shaded triangle has (vertical) base a and (horizontal) altitude a, while the smaller one has (horizontal) base b/2 and (vertical) alitude b. The sum of the areas of el “al z these two shaded triangles is [$5 + Method Il: In the diagram shown, the rectangle with cone vertex at the origin has dimensions a and b. One of the lines through (a,b) has a slope of =1, so an isosceles cight triangle with leg les to the right of the rectangle, and an isosceles right triangle with leg a lies atop the rectangle. Since the other line through (a,b) has slope -2, the smaller non-isosceles right triangle with one vertex at (a,b) has legs b and b/2. The larger non-isosceles right triangle with one vertex at (a,b) has legs a and 2a, Finally, the larger shaded triangle has (vertical) base a and (horizontal) altitude a; the smaller one has (horizontal) base b/2 and (vertical) altitude b. The sum of the areas of these two shaded 2 ee triangles is +4 Problem 2-6 Since there are two coats of paint, the region Watson painted in the moming could have been painted twice by Holmes in one hour Thus, Holmes takes 30 min- utes to paint this region once. Working alone, Holmes can finish one coat on the wall by lunchtime; so, 30 minutes before lunch, he could have painted every- thing except what Watson painted Thus, Watson took 2 hours minus 30 minutes = 90 minutes to paint what Hlolmes can do in 30 minutes Since Wat- son paints 600 m? per day, Holmes can paint 1800 m? per day, and the atea of the wall is [900] m? ‘Contests writen and compiled by Stewa R. Conrad & Daniel Flegler ©2000 by Mathematics Leagues Ine, MATH LEAGUE PRESS PO Box 720, Tenafly, New Jersey 07670-0720 femal Oar ctesare mee saNERT Tajo sare Nr Contest Number 2 Scrmameatonmesemouneanses omayronvea November 30, 1999 Name Teacher Grade Level Score Time Limit: 30 minutes NEXT CONTEST: JAN. 11, 2000 Answer Column 2-1. What is the ordered pait of integers (,b), with b>a>0, that satisfies | 2-1 Vee P+ bP? 2.2. When the integer n is divided by 7, the remainder is 5. Whatis the | 2-2 remainder when 2n is divided by 7? 2-3. A professional works twice as 23 fast at a certain task as an am. ateur, and an apprentice takes twice as long as a professional If, working together, 12 ama- teus can complete the task in I day, how many apprentices would be needed to complete the same task in 1 day? GaEey’ Whatis the value of 4+ 47 | 24 1 aoa +1) b 1 a-t * Hast ~ % 25. The square in the diagram 7 25, at the right has a vertex on 49.99) each coordinate axis, a ver: Cy) tex at (19,99), and a vertex at (t,y),as illustrated. What is the ordered pair (x,y)? x 2-6. Write down all the integers from 1 through 60 to form the number | 2-6. 1234567891011121314151617181920 , . . 495051525354555657585960. Now, delete 100 digits from this number and cail the resulting number 1, What is the largest possible value of n? [NOTE: For this problem, your answer must be exact] 1295) © 1999 by Mathematics Leagues Ine Visit our web site ot hitp://wew mathleague com Contest # 2 Answers & Solutions 11/30/99 Problem 2-1 Problem 2-5 Since b> a> 0, and since a2+b? = 3? +4? In the diagram, surround the oe 124.22, it follows that (a,b) = [12) original square with a squar iginal sq a square Problem 2-2 ‘Method I: Use an example [fn = 12, the remainder is 5 when we divide by 7. When we double, 2n = 24, and the remainder upon division by 7 is ‘Method Il: Dividing n by 7, the iemainder is 5. Ifwe call the quotient 4, then n = 7q++5, and 2n = 14+ 10 = 7(2q+ 1) +3 = 7k+3 It’s easy to ste that 2n is 3 more than a multiple of 7, so the remainder is 3 Problem 2-3 The amateurs and apprentices work at the same rate, ‘so the number of apprentices needed to complete the task in I day equals the number of amateurs needed to complete the task in 1 day. That number is [12| Problem 2-4 Since 14 1 = 22, ee’ a8 Method I: Since eee 458 let's evaluate ar ‘After clearing fractions in the original equation, we get b(a+l)+-a(b-+1) = ab Expand the left side and combine like terms to get a+b = -ab Finally divide both sides by ab to get 452 = Method It Multiply by (2+ 1)(6+ 1) and you will get bet 1 Sie bel = +b stele el = ipo le =-1 whose sides are parallel to ey) the axes, as shown. The 3- coordinate of the uppet ver 50 tex of the original square is [7 99, so each side of the new ee square is 99, and x = 99. The x-coordinate ofthe ot- iginal square’s upper vertex is 19; s0 the legs of the right triangles are 19 and 80, and (xa) = [(09.80) rroblem 2-6 Among the integers from 1 through 60, there are 9 one-digit numbers and 51 wo-digit numbers, for 2 total of 9X L ++ 51X2 = 111 digits, To make n as large as possible, begin with as many 9s as possible From the integers fiom | to 49, delete all the digits except the five 9s The number that then remains is 999.995.0951 525 354555 657585960 Now, we need to remove all buit six of the digits to the right of the 9 on the extreme left. Leaving the last seven digits, the result is 999.997 585.960 That's a twelve-digit number, 60 remove one more digit, the 5 to the im- mediate tight of the 7. Finally, n = [99999785 960] ‘Contests vaiizen and compiled by Steven R. Conrad & Daniel Flegler ©1999 by Mathematics Leagues Ine. HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CONTESTS Math League Press, P.O. Box 720, Tenafly, New Jersey 07670-0720 Contest Number 2 it ea et atoreclyroantea, December 5, 1995 Name Teacher Grade Level Score Time Limit; 30 minutes Answer Colemn 24. When the first 1995 positive odd primes are multiplied together, | 2-1 what is the units’ digit of the product? When x = 10, the expression VI+2+3+2 ‘has the value 4, What are 2-2. all four integers x < 10 for which /I+2+ 3+ has anintegral value? Two squares are inscribed in a semicir- 23 de as shown. If the area of the smaller square is 25, what is the area of the lar- ger square? ‘The College of Hard Knox belongs to a six- 24. school league in which each school plays four games with each of the other schools. No tied games ever oceut, and the other five schools finished this season having won, respectively, 20%, 30%, 35%, 60%, and 80% of the league games they played. What was the Ihe College of Hard Knox’s final ‘winning record in the league this season (expressed as a percent)? Place one non-zero digit in each box below so the resulting equation | 25 is true: Put your onawer is true: inthe shaded Bose ote et Both x and y are positive numbers less than 2. Every positive num- | 26. ber less than 2is equally likely to be the value of x; and every posi- tive number less than 2 is equally likely to be the value of y. What is the probability that x and y differ by less than 1? (© 1095 by Mathematics Leagues Ine. Solutions on Page 59 * Answers on Page 67 7 Answers & Solutions 12/5/95 Dydetnition, VT+Z734= = 0. Since x < 10, it ‘éllows that 0s VOex < 4. The answers are the lutions to VOex = 0, VOwx = 1, VOex = 2, -5, -2,3 into 4 congruent smaller squares. Rotate the larger square 90° clock- ‘vse, end it is clear that the smaller \ square is one-quarter of the larger square. The larger squate's area is 4% 25 Method If: In the diagram, each | dotted segment is both the hypot- ‘enuse of aright triangle and a ra- dius of the circle; so the dotted segments are congruent: In orie right triangle, the legs rex and 2x. In the other, the legs are 5 and x+5. By the Pythagorean Theorem, x2-+ (2x)? = 52+(c+5)? Solving, x = 5; so a side of the large square is 10, and the area of the large square is 100 Problem 2-4 [At the season's end, each team, on average, has won 50% of its games; so the sum of all six winning per- cents is always 6(50%) = 300%. The sum for the five schools whose records were known was 225%, so Hard Knox's winning record was 300% — 225% = [75%] Problem 2-5 Let the unknown 2-digit number be a and the un- known 3-digit number be b. Since a% of b = 400, it follows that ab = 40000 = 26x 54. Neither a nor b contains the digit 0, so neither has a factor of 10 and neither can have both 2 and 5 as factors. Thus, a 26 = 64, b = 5# = 625, and 400 = [64% of 625 Problem 2-6 Since x — 1 and y < x + 1. The unshaded region of the 2 2 square can be reassembled to form a 1X1 square, so its area is 1. The required probability is the fractional part of the square that is shaded. This probability, which is the area of the shaded region divided by the area of the square, equals al Contests written and compiled by Steven R. Conrad & Dantel Flegler Mathematics Leagues Inc, 91995 59 HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CONTESTS ‘Math League Press, P.O. Box 720, Tenafly, New Jersey 07670-0720 Contest Number 2 7ycu7itereuamnatinet Suowesn*eee! December 6, 1994 Name Teacher Grade Level Score Time Limit: 30 minutes Answer Column 24, ‘The product of two numbers is equal to the product of their recip- | 21. rocals. What aze both possible values of this product? 22, Each side of square ABCD has alengthof4, 22 and each of the line segments AF and DE has a length of 5. What is the length of EF? PMc 23, “Isee that our room numbers are 100 and 164,” said Prof. Smart 23, “What of it?” retorted Prof. Clever. i “If you add 125 to either number, you get a perfect square,” re- ( plied Prof, Smart. After some time, Prof. Clever answered “There's an integer less than 125 that does the same thing.” “You are wrong,” said Prof. Smart Who was right: Prof Smart or Prof. Clever? 24, The roots of x°—-26x-+c = O are r and s. If 197 +94s = 1994, what is | 2-4. the value of c? 28. What are all real values of x which satisfy |2 ~ [1 — |x||] = 1? 25. 26. Quadrilateral ABCD is drawn in a plane so that AB = BC=CD | 26. and AC = BD = AD. What is mZABC? © 1994 by Mathematics Leagues Ine Solutions on Page 53 * Answers on Page 67 a Contest #2 Answers & Solutions 12/6/94 Problem 2-1 = LiLo Leen (oy? = tay = Bed = SZ, then (9)? = Landay Sales Problem 2-2 Method I: Since AF=SandAB p EF ¢ = 4, if follows that BF = 3. Since = 4and BF = A D 5 and AB = 4, if follows 3, Since BC = 4 and =2 Method Il: Since AF that BF = 3. Similarly, CE BF+CE = 343 = 6, we see that EF = a Problem 2-3 S}- > 100 and 164 differ by 64, the question boils dk. to this: Is there any pair of integers, both per- fect squates and both less than 100 + 125 = 225 and 164 + 125 = 289, which differ by 642 There are two such pairs: 0 and 64, and 36 and 100, These solutions correspond, respectively, ton = -100 and n = ~64, 0 the one who was right was [Prof Clever Problem 2-5 Method I: The graph of =|2-[1-Lellf sketched at the right, crosses the line y = 1 atx = [+4, +2, 0}. Method I: |2~|1~[ [|] =1+[[lx1~1]-2| = 1,s0||x|—1]-2 = +1 and|[x]—1] = 3or 1. Next, [x|—1 = #3 or #1, Consequently, [x] = 4 2, 2, or O and x = £4, #2, 0. Problem 2-6 AABD = ADCA, so the altitude from. Bro AD is congru- ent to the altitude Bye oe from C to AD; and ABCD isan isos 4 D celes trapezoid. Since BC || AD, it follows that ZBCA = ZCAD. Since ABC is isosceles, ZBAC = ‘LBCA, Since ADB is isosceles, ZBAD = ZDBA. Now, in AABC, 5x = 180; 0x = 36 and mZABC = 3x = 3(36) = [108] Problem 2-4 The sum of the roots of ax? + be + ¢ = Ois -2, so 145 = 26and 191 + 945 = 1994. Multiply the first equation by -19 and add it to the second equation to get s = 20, then r = 6, thenc = rs = [120]. (Se writen and compiled by Steven R. Conrad & Daniel Flegier Mathematics Leagues Inc, ©1994 33 HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CONTESTS Math League Press, P.O, Box 720, Tenafly, New Jorsey 07670-0720 Contest Number 2 7hsetGewcanticnipecaseract December 7, 1993 Name Teacher Grade Level Score Time Limit: 30 minutes Answer Column 21. Ifthe sum of two numbers is equal to their difference, whatis their | 24 product? 22. Ibree integers a, b, and ¢ are said to be in arithmetic progression if | 2-2 c~b =b—a. Whatare three different integers in arithmetic progress- ion whose product is a positive prime? 23. On the circle shown at the 42. 2-3. tight are marked the vertices ( ‘of regular 20-sided polygon of iB y ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRST. What is mZCAT + mZDOG? Sy et What is the smallest positive integer divisible by 45 whose first four | 24 digits are 1993? In AABC; mZB = 90°. The circle citcumsctibed A 25. about the triangle has a radius of length 10. The Z| circle inscribed in the triangle is tangent to AB at_—[p, D, to BC at E, and to AC at F If the perimeter of |B ke] the triangle is 42, what is EB + BD? ra What are all ordered triples of real numbers (¢,b,¢) which satisfy 26. cf = bt, = 24, and a+b +c= 10. (© 1998 by Mathematics Leagues Ine Solutions on Page 47 * Answers on Page 66 15 Contest # 2 Answers & Solutions 12/7/93 Problem 2-1 Ifx+y =x ~y, then y = 0, soxy = [O} Problem 2-2 Call the prime p. The only possible factors are 1, -1, py and -p. The product is p, so factors are -p, -1, and 1. Finally, since 1 — (-1) = -1 - (-p), p= 3.In any order, the answers are [-3, =I, 1 Problem 2-3 Since ZCAT intercepts of the citcle, and ZDOG invercepts 3 of the circle, the sum of their degree- ages will be equal to 1 3)G0 = [18] (NOTE: mZCAT + mZDOG = 5mZPET. We en- outage you to send us similar “stupid pet tricks "] Problem 2-4 Method I: Any number divisible by 45 is divisible by 5. To be divisible by 5, the final digit must be 0 or 5 The only such 5~digit numbers are 19930 and 19935, By calculator, the only one divisible by 45 is [19935] Method II: For an integer to be divisible by 9, the sum of its digits must be divisible by 9. The sum of the digits of 19935 is 27, so 19935 is the smallest 5-digit number divisible by 9 Since 19935 is also di- visible by 5, 19935 is divisible by 9x5 = 45 Problem 2-5 Let CF = x. Since the diameter of the circle is 20, AF = 20-x. Tan- (A gents to a circle from the same out- \Y side point are congruent, so AD = ® te) AF = 20 ~ x, and CE = CI Since the perimeter of AABC is 42, EB + BD + AD + AF + CF + CE = EB + BD + 40 = 42, and EB + BD Problem 2-6 We'd like to rewrite the first equation as (4) Mt = (6%); but we can’t if a = 0. There are two cases: ifa = 0, then, from the second equation, ¢ = 1, and, from the third equation, b = 9; but ifa # 0, then ¢ = B? (and, if@ is even, it is also possible that ¢ = ~b4), From the second equation, 2° = 2(4*) = 2(24) = V#+l, so ¢ = a+ 1. Substituting a = 4-1), and then c = -b?, into the thitd equation, we get 3—2b+21 = 0 (which has no real roots). But if we substitute a = }(¢—1), and then ¢ = b?, we get 3H? + 2b—21 = (3-7) 643) = 0:90 = 3 ot -} The solutions are: [(09,1), (4,-3.9), (2,4, Sout written and compiled by Steven R. Conrad & Dantel Mlegler Mathematics Leagues Ine» ©1993 9 Contest Number 2 Name Time Limit: 30 minutes HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CONTESTS ‘Math League Press, P.O. Box 720, Tenafly, New Jersey 07670.0720 Re eee agutean digits ceaiyromaea December 1, 1992 Teacher Grade Level Score Answer Column 24, The number 9 can be written as the sum of 9 consecutive integers. | 2-1. Whaat is the product of these 9 integers? 2-2, The sum of the two (linear) factors of x2 — 26x + 144 is subtracted 22. from the sum of the two (linear) factors of x? — 25x + 144. What is the value of the result? 23. Ifx = ~664, determine, in simplest form, the value of 23. |llsl-+1-+] What are all values of x which satisfy 24. 2.5. Whatis the distarice from the origin to the graph of 25 y= Vexr- 2-9? 2-6 Two congruent semicircles lie on 2-6. the diameter of a third semicircle, each tangent to the other two. A small cide is tangent to all three semicircles. Ifthe area of the shaded region is 452r, what is the length of a radius of the small circle? © 1992 by Mathematics Leagues Inc Solutions on Page 41 * Answers on Page 66 9 Answers @ Solutions 12/1/92 oe SH (-D+ (CI HOFLEZES +445 =9 Fs how to write 9 as the sum of 9 consecutive in- Ezers, and one term is 0, the product of these 9 fethod I: Since x7—25x+144 = (x—16)(x—9), the sim of the factors of x*—25x+144 is 2x—25. Since J -1Gc+144 = (x18) (x—8), the sum of the factors bd | Method Ils The sum of the factors (ea) and (xb) a #6 2x—-(a+b) = 2x — (Gum of the roots). The sum of ith 8 the roots of x2—px+q = 0 is p, 90, without actually factoring, the result we seek is (~25) — (-26) = 1 1504 222 <0 Bethe xel -Landx = xtl last inequality, the critical values are x 2. fx < =I, both x—2 and x1 are negative, so their E quotient is positive. Atx = -1, the quotient is unde- Se fined. Ifx > 2, both x—2 and x+1 are positive, so their quotient is positive. The values of x which satis fy £54 < 0,x rein the intewal [-1 <7 Problem 2-5 ‘The radicand of V&x—x2-9 = ¥~(? 6x49) = V¥~(x—3)? is negative unless x = 3. But, when the radicand is negative, y is imaginary. And, when x = 3,9 = 0. The distance from (0,0) to (3,0) is Problem 2-6 I we let the circles with centers A and B have respective tadii R and », then, QC = IR. We get the shaded region by removing the regions bounded by the small circle and the eon- gruent semicircles from the region bounded by the large semicircle. Therefore, we can write the equation 45a = say - oe) - mt = a(R - 7). solve this equation for r, we must first express R in. terms of r. Since CB = CP — BP = 2R-r, in right AABC we can write (R41)? = R? + QR-1)?. Bx- panding and simplifying, 6Rr = 4R?, so R = * ‘When we substitute into the equation 5 lines above, we get 5x0 = af 2 ~ 47), 2 = 36, ands = [NOTE: AABC is a 3:45 triangle!) Contests writen and compiled by Sven R. Conrad & Daniel Flogter ‘Mathematics Leagues Ine, ©199 4 HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CONTESTS ‘Math League Press, PO. Box 720, Tenafly, New Jersey 07670-0720 Contest Number 2, December 3, 1991 Name Teacher Grade Level Score Time Limit: 30 minutes Answer Column 21, Find any one ordered 4-tuple of positive integers (ab.ed) for which | 21. a+6+e4d = 20 and abed = 81 22, The sum of the lengths of the two legs of a tight triangle is 20. | 22 What is the smallest possible length of the hypotenuse of this triangle? 23, xe2eedr tar = kth sks h and k x 0, whatis the ratioofx | 23 tok? eee 24, If 3x -3y +2 -w=7 and 5x -y + 3z + w = 3, whatis the value | 24 ofxtytz+u? . 25, What are the three ordered pairs of numbers (xy) for which the | 25 four vertices of a parellelogram are (0,0), (3,0), (4), and (x,y)? 26. The solution of the inequality 26. 1 1 eT y-3t 73 is the union of a finite number of disjoint intervals, each of the forma < x = b. If the length of the interval a < x < bis defined as 6 ~ a, what is the sum of the lengths of all these intervals? 21 © 1991 by Mathematios Leagues Ine Solutions on Page 35 + Answers on Page 66 3 EE tontest # 2 sees Problem 2-1 ‘The number 81 hes five positive integral divisors: 1, 3,9, 27, 81. Since atb+c+d = 20, abeqd < 9. Two “visors are 9, the other two are 1, and the answer is 7,9.9:1) of any rearrangement ofthese four integers fa Problem 2-2 ‘The hypotenuse will be minimized when the legs are equal in length. When the length of each leg is 10, the length of the hypotenuse is [1072 or 7200]. eee Problem 2-3 Method I: Adding terms, 15x = 434; s0 f a Method Ils Since x(L4+2-+4 +8) = Ka424448), it ‘allows that x = $9 — = 3 ae reese Problem 2-4 If we subtract the first equation from the second, we pet Det Dy +2e+ 20 soxtytrtw = ee Problem 2-5 Method I: In the diagram below, the three given ver~ tices of the parallelogram are y the dark circles; they are connected to form the inner ‘triangle. These points are the imidpoints of the sides of the Tanger triangle drawn at the = right. By using any one of the vertices of this large tulangle as its fourth vertex, three parallelograms can be completed, as illustrated. The coordinates of these thiee points are [(-1,-8), (14), (2.4) Answers & Solutions 12/3/91 Method Il: Since the diagonals of a parallelogram. have the same midpoint, four different points can serve as the vertices of a parallelogram if and only if pairs of opposite vertices have equal x-coordinate sums and equal y-cootdinate sums. Label the points 000), AGO), B(4.4), and P(xg). Ifpoints O and A ‘are opposite vertices, then O+3 = 4+x and O+0 (-1,-4). IFO and B ate opposite vertices, then 044 = 34x and 0+4 = O+3,30 (9) (1,4). IFO and P are opposite vertices, then Ox 344 and O+y = 044, 50 (xa) = (74) ee Problem 2-6 Let f(x) = ty + Ay + sty Ix < 1, then f(x) is negative. Ifx > 3, then f(x) is positive. We know that f is unde- fined at x = 1, 2, and 3, Elsewhere, fis the sum of the reciprocals of three increasing functions. Hence, fis a decreasing funetion—and the graph of y =f) appears at the right. Note that the solutions of fx) 2 1 are the values of x for which the graph of y = f(s) is on or above y = 1. The line y = | intersects y = f(x) three times. Let a, b, ¢ be the roots of fd) = 1, wth 1

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