T o^\T

L Me" MXmX d6 w|@ m@ meT

/ / :=mv
/ :gcA

***

!#* &
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info@tawasolonline.net
info@fadlullahlibrary.com

***

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obX
oXm^T [Q zg T ?|B oX^T
w =

 =AB
7 D D

DB

oXzaX

n\A Y i
dU \R {hU

nT |cw ..oU
dU ni oA
n\A ngi .. }x (hdL dU )
p_h]dU ni oA
niU ni oA
Un_>

}hUn= yhaU cU |w }e _ hU UA Y nhU phU

..nefU n]_U
oU
hU p^dU oA

~x}`U oA
hU
R d_U oA
ni R phini
oA

= ..eL

.. {hU }x neT heU R neU oA

Un_U

x R Y }T niU yax
Y ]
ini
oA
UnH

dL UB
|w R }hB pdh\R n_H nfw w nY T
ni {_x cU }w~x nhU f U e_eU
cx U oA
..U T
Y
p>ncU qYnS phini pehbT hU ~Y}x nY oU
L

ngfe\>
U }U _= nbi nhBn= {i hA

naUkY
\R hA {eY {hU @}eU pY_U oT
eY RnbU YH ~T}eU R i
dU
}Zi ni}x
x}A nA/}h= L hfU hYnY
bUn= Un_> n> UeU U nL{U Y }U |w
.hRU A
QmaT
XG
}S|dT |wzX

GdT zdX
g`H

v g<
(|dw)

***

ocgeT oghmh o`Im^T :n T

{eY {hU @}eU pY_U pAneH {fL oU

U|T w

dU \R hA
.nwneH phini J_U i

.sf> k
> {> U w peU :{hU bx *

.( }T meg<)

oU dL p SnJ }]aUn= dex ni AneH }x *

{ }i cex nY w .ng= efx hR ef> hU p@nA
pxnL}Un= ngdaJ h> nR ngf=n= pSL R >nhd >
o A Y U f c> nY o= pxhU >n@nA YnT Z>
n haJnL _Y Lnax oU bx a]U }]R
}x
pxhU >n@nA nI {U = ]h> |U nfU
.odU }]aU
{_H

.( |dT mgh)

}ZU fx U H w
{A w oU {hU {x *
aJnL {Zi w ne= oU rhA .phini g>nSL nghdL
7


n[> U p@nA w ne= n x@ nfL beU
}B U
=
wj=
@nU Un_Un= pd pYnS px@ p@nA cZx
.ni w hR nY

.( |dT mgh)

R beL h_> {=
{hU pAneH o= oU {> *

>nhA R hna>
oU pT}A c> U {fL beL
h]x i{@ dS R pehbT oU eL dex Y
h= o>
gZ> h= n S}R }x fcU ....ox
....|> o>
h= o>
gd>
fR dU oA
h_i nY{fL nfilR {hU [>
o=
oU
U a[x nY{fL n SnR }LnZY hHnA }_ZU h_i

R d]f> qi A i{@ R
A neU SY T
hR }x
f cU >~x}Q hR }x
ilR ini neU
nhU ]_> U nedU pL{eU pehbUn= nA na
n hI
.odU n hI {=U n hI pL}dU n hI pfhije]dU

.( mgT mhT)

*
x}B paJn_= bx hini
R ni dL {hU {Tkx

ngg@x U phdU paJn_U nY _\x neT n Yne> wn>

.hU }B

.( mgT mhT)

ni ngZh_x {hU {x neT px_I pUnA oUnR

|gU *

hU phini >nSL =n> Y {x{_U R Yx

cZ=

cI dL ~hT}U lR |U }eUn= @}U pSL R bR

f_eU ~Y dH>
oU ncI Y {Y {Y

eZx |U HU oU
ngZh_x U phini }LnZeU T

n> JU nhU n> _U g\_= n> nfU

cex odU
{S eH cZU w UnU

naAU }hB U [Un= pnB oU

ph\S {x

U }S
gR (oU
{hL) }`U R pHnfeUn=

.ini naA U ngfY ~x}`U naA

.( |dT mgh)

ngZh_x |i pUnA ic= oU {hU }_x

nfw Y *
aJn_U nY{i Y pUn= _Y }_Zx }B ni n> ni
@ y[x rhA n inhA n=|U p@ U A}U
pA}Un= HnA HnH {[eU Y{L }B |w
.nY}Un=

.( |dT mgh)

L nH Y oU [afx nY{fL ni {hU {Tkx *

{_Un= ngU }aUn= 
x ni |w lR }B ni
>|U ~U |w neU |gR |U ..{Y f_Y R
9

}edU n hL i R xT pT}A R @}dU n hL }ax

R phAeU }h=n_U \R Y .@}U R ng?i pT}A R
m
:i}bU }h_U w neU |w
T h b T m
T v
R d T @dU A phdeL ngi .[ }bU] f T
T
.{dU U A w neT n Yne> negfY
.( mw|T G)

|U oU
ph\S
dL {Tkx H dL {hU {Zx
*

 > |U qi qfT
U neT }B nAl= 
> d_x
nexU }g^Y eU |g= oU
_x rh= eU

{Yn@ }^i }B niU >}^i qinT n fYkY c> R

.Yj= new h_> phUnY
.( mYT mgh)

nY oU
@}U }LnZY Y Ujx
cx nY{fL *

@}U i p=|feU }eU }LnZY }eU i p=|feU

S ngInL {S negfY T
cx U }LnZeU |w
bd>
_x .n A e>
U {AU |w p aUkY {_= nehR in_>
negU bH nghR}J {ba> {AU |w U fhU
AneH
neT }LnZY R }^fU nL hR}]U Y
ncYl= i
}]> nY{fL }B n> negfY
}LnZY gf> cex
.U L{> }h`Y

.( |dT mgh)

10

>jx w cx {S nhB oU
cx {S {hU }= *

}Bn= aJn_U nA ~> nY{bY

Y = }R Y
ni ai R ec> nY {beU |w |@
|U oeU

Hk
R SU S px{U Y ni dL

x oU

cZ= aJnL }>

T pehdH paJnL |@
ai R

.n_ai ph]U Y ngT}>

T ZL

B dbL
SY
Y d]fx {S fcU paJnL oU

nY w b_U Y n efY }x
rh= ph[ZU

U phA}U hbU Y {A=

hU [x niU cex

}LnZeU nH
@eU
hbU d> y[> rh= ng= Ykx

.n \`= qinT n A

.( |dT mgh)

U cU oi
R ni}cR
i :Ub= pegY p]bfU {hU qadx *
nY oi
}Bn= hR }cai
i }B oi
i oU

oi
nff cU |U oi
i heU oi nY{fL

nfw Y .ni{fL pehS ex neU heU R neU

|w hR {>
e= >}i pehbU |g= nfJn> B Y nfilR

B o>
nY{fL |cw .pehbU
qijR deU o>

d_U lR Un_U o>

nY{fL hR ai R pehS w |U
|cw ..Un_U |w R {>
nY{fL ng> pehS ex

11

pehS ybU }_> iR yhbU Y Jn_> `> nY{fL

phdH pehS pinhU }_> i nU Y Jn_> phdH
R nY oi
nfilR `i nY{fL oi
nY{fL i U|U

..`i ehR nfai R nY `i oi

ehR nfai

R {U x I w = nfhdL ai }ax n hI qhU paJn_U

.nfw nfw ng= }? ji ng?}i ng_f[i U nfehwnaY

.( mgT mhT)

***

12

m X|@ ~gT n T

dL {hU {Zx
nY n Y}Y
*

hU H R oU
aJL dL ni oHnx dU B{U R n HnA
nU R n TdH nge@}x U hHnA }LnZY
.hwi dU }Y Y n[x
.( |dT mgh)

oU
pUjY :bhR eL oU
pUjY U {hU fx

*
ph]H pUnA Y n inhA d]f> {S U neU Y w `U
Y x}U oUnT
pg@ Y nR nI
afU R
ox jT

U }^fU B Y n =nI nR o>

ngUneU =|i

yafx U i neU eL oA
|w .b=
oU |w d]fx
Y naU |w oA
nZUnR .edU bhbU SU dL
ngdbL L }cR x{U cx cZU [U B
nZU o>
nY{fL naU U|T ng_S ngTdH ngSB
hR neU oin@ qA ngi eL n A o> ngilR n _x}H n A
eL }_>
.h[I

Y pxneU Y Y }hQ

.( }T meg<)

13

h]i nfUbL }i
o= *
h]i neT nfilR {hU [>
pL}@ paJn_U ]_i n e nfU {=
nfaJL }i

hAaY hfh_= }[> hT }_> > A b_U Y
|U eL `U eL oU bx nw{fL
nSnaeU Y ..nf>nhi{@
R fL {i
nY }hT

eL cx oU eL oU L {x
_U

nT eL cx cex `U ~x}Q nT
._x odbU >
~x}`U ..~x}Q

.( mgT mhT)

|U oU
w hfh_U aeU odU
{hU L{x *

Y }_> i n eUnL o>

qijR pH Y d]fx

R S { }_> i {wnY o>

L b> edL

HnhH R hbY i }_> i n hHnhH o>

ng@

H Y~U inex B Y A
R d]f> qijR
}nf_U qinT ni |w o> d_> U }nf_dU
|w ..phdH }nf_U qinT ni |w `> ph=nx
.}[eU oU
w

.( }T meg<)

bx eU oU
]_i nY{fL nfi U AneH |x
*

h]i i ..nwnR ngA paJn_dU U|U xbi

nfi
14

dei nfi Ubx nfU _= cU nfaJnL b_i

R nff cU nf=dS dei nfi ph qhU pUjeU nf=dS
U nf=dS Y nfU _= }i {x}i nU _=
B Y
.paU

.( mgT mhT)

***

15

oRzZT n T

|U A}U oU
nfw :i U oU
{hU f [x *

na[U Y d]fx
fR eU R {>
U ph e h bU

...U U nY deU Un_U x}cU ]U oi

{S
odbU U [x b_Un= {x _I oU Y efU |w
R }hU
.}B dL aJn_U nai }A B

phUneU na[U n x~x}Q }h> |U U

oU
nfw

oA
}edU @}U oA
R nU w neT n Yne> }BU
{S px~x}Q pUnA Y n UnQ d]fx oU
|gR .@}dU }eU

{S haB cZ= nA |w d]> ngf cU phL c>

U pheheU p@ a>}> {_= nf? x

rhA Y phfU pUjeU ng@hR negfh= A}U

}eU @}U h= px}= pS{ @ _x nY |w }_Zx

qinT {_= px{@ pUnA U pS{[U U
n _ }Y

.( |dT mgh)

.phA phdbL pUnA }Y

16


}edU p@nA w neT @}dU p@nA
pS{[U {hU }x *
new}_Z> phLne@ phai
`\U nhU R }_x
newcR

dL new{Lnx newnL}x neghdL fx Y U p@nUn=

ni ne= .afU dL b> U ngnL Y a U

Hx xbx nY U p@nUn= }_Zx h\U _\U pUnA R

eU }h_= h\U qS x{[U ne= YnY nhU R

aJnL @
hfU h= pS{[U lR _ZU
dB dL Z>
pUnA n _Y neghdL >]B nci cex nghR}J h= heA
Y pUnA U >
{S pS{[U Y R}> U n\A

ne= }B dL _ZU nai |i pheheU

}T|T negh[B
nx cex }eU @}U

x
aJn_U A}U |i lR pS_U R ijT

nSL }_i i .nbd> cZ= {@ |i U

cU db_U RU afU nIn= {> nhaUn= nZU

n =ngU pS_U n beL }LnZeU d> ned T
e= }B Y {AU
U p@nUn= nghR}J T }_I

.nH ngifL L pS{[Un= }fx

.( |dT mgh)

nfdU {x}x H :bhR ini odU

{hU L{x *

n@ n _he@
_x |U ini oU
Zh_x ni

17

}_Zx U p@{Un= }B ni Y Jn_x ni

U U kx rh= .hini
} R = ]=}> U p]=}Un=

}A Y}T aA >n@nA n\S xneA ^aA xnL

.hini

.( mYT mgh)

***

18

!mYcT zh mg`cT |w{=

{hU lR SeU Y }hT R _ pbdU w nhaU *
nZU ]B pg@Y R LU Y dL nhaU rx

hU nZU Y }hT R}_x nhaU dL phaJn_U

B Y }hcU ed _x _eU cU fbx heU
dL U|U }fU }_ZU _= phY}`U [bU R
U ya> S ni
{> ngdbL `Z> naU
{h@ phUkeU
dex nil= q]> naU ngdS

.ng>nhA dL }]B @> {S ngilR

.( }T meg<)

{i nY
:= {fU |g= nZU U AneH @x neT *
px Y pSL px phUkY
dex
ghdL lR nZU U

px{U
{[U bU dL penS pSL cU nR

ghdL nhaU }LnZe= r_U o_dU dL penS c>

{S nfU nf= Y ngide_x U |w ghUnH j= }cax

U|= dbx gR g>B g>nf= Y nfU ngde_x
.( }T meg<)

19

h= p?neU phHnA ]U {hU fx

{[U |w R *
p=nT pJnY qi}i >ngU x}J L hfU
R SU n? L {h_= phbL }Q qinT
U pdcZeU cU
{eU phAni Y ngfY inY R }U

naU c> rh= nbL {e> nY U kx oUn`U R

{_= nehH pdgH px}R
hR}]U h= pS_U {J>
R nH
}hQ nB Y nf_eH nY }cU }Un= y[fi U|U
dL nghR n[S \a
x ngU[A nA R neU |w
i }T|U h= pS_U nb= o_[U Y i }\U
.pxB

.( Xm^dT ogfa`T mdT)

***

20

a^T n T

R aJL nb= U ni _x ox i {hU }x *

n LY Zh_x aJnL _I
_x rh= b_U }
ni beL {Y >nhadB
R pH{U }hcadU

dB R ni x
acx R ph=nx phdU

ai }> T nY I U |in= _I
.n nJ n h]H cx {S nA U _ZU

.( |dT mgh)

phai pUnT oU L {i
nY{fL nfi U AneH }hZx *

x}Z>
}Zi
h]i nfi U|U pxnhB }hQ gR
h]x ne= ni d cx dU paJn_U |w R
R{hR paJn_U b_x {x}x H .b_eU }h`=
rh= phbL pbx}]= aJnL ~T}x
U ni
R }cax
{= nhI eL
nY |w y]U dL n T}Y bx Y
Y d]fx R naU nZU hdL =}x
H nx
.ph]U nhI B Y U }^fU B

.( mYT mgh)

21

 AneH }^i pg@ Y *

aJL pfdb_= ni nhS I
paJn_U }]hH gU }Yn= hU ng= HnA qS R
nS b_U @nx |U nhU SY {ba> hdL

nghdL cU ngH }LnZeU

.ngT}A R cU
d]eU }caU
afU
{gU ni |= nY cU

Zh_x |U _ZU nR{i e@ dL }]hU Y ce>

h_x U aJL pfdbL Y UnUn= ce> paJn_U o=
{= ngT}A dL }]hU
.ng>}]hU w L\B Y

.( |dT mgh)

oU
{U R ~x}Q w |U oU
h= {hU ~hex

*
x}H oUnR
odbU R pdhi paJnL }gJ pSnJ w |U

ex = pSn paJnL ex na]i x}H n_I

rhA Y oU }x
H .nhfY n YA
|U ~x}`U n> R oU
|w d]fx {x}x f cU

.ph[_eU U ni bx
.( }T zeT)

R }>
U paJn_U h= }ai
*

nfhdL i U {hU fx
dL nai B R }>
U paJn_U h= n? B

}A nH dL b> ph_hJ pSL @ Y }B ni

.}B ni
.( mYT mgh)

22

 nfw *
gdx |U oU
o_dx |U oU
Y {hU |x

ax inbU p_nB }hQ pT}A fU }_x |U oU

} R i }T|U h= pS_U
R R}Y gR ph@~U

= H
R H fU }i U kx nY T
nY odbU hdL y ax nY
= d]fx nY nfh_U U }>

n\L {x = d]f> nY ndU

U kx nY T
dL n? {L i dL nT H de_U fU
TnZY U kx i n hYH R}Y gR }IneU i
.dU {x}x |U hbeU U L nin= {_> phSB
.( mYT mgh)

|U fU oinU U x n A nfw U {hU qadx *

}hcU Zh_x nY |w }B ni {U ni |w {x
|in= }g^ex nw{_= nY pbw}eU @ R nZU Y
Y U U nY phfU nYeU {U nedU
(i }T|U) niU H Ai nfi Y
R ~U U = gf> U pbx}]Un= oU |w nZh_x
ngfA _x ngx
}Y R @}U oQ}x R inY
}eU U }^fx niU H n= {S ngfY ~hU
Y ngYni rhA Y pUjeU {hU ng@~x
{x}x U
.d> phAnfU |w Y nghR Q

.( mYT mgh)

23

n T
zgK
n@ {Yn@ {hdb> oU {h_= naA {hU }= *
R }Y
hA
cZ= ni ngZh_x phini
pUnA oU

I pHnfY x R nw{he> lR UnUn= >nhA

ie\Y {ex
nL nLn= nfU Hnex neR ngU n bfB { _ x
.g>nhA R
dL nfU n_> U }wn^eU Y }g^Y T
naA Un_U ni R ng= nhbU
nfL Y n Z_U {h_=
f_eU ex {Yn@ }Y y[x U U nY S
{S phUnaA }wn^eU d> {L odU
a_U he_U

.}=n_U |d U _= hbU p}R }Y _dU e>

ex i {bL x}= oU dx hU |w Y
c> {S nf? ngZh_x pnB peheA pdR hR naAn=
Unai}cU ne@ Y oUn=
nAU w
}T {[Y

Y nY .pYnL }^i pg@ Y |w bU n> pAnH R

ohUnH Y }hT dL Rx HnR phYH }^i pg@
cZU phAni Y Rnfx naA gR nw}T H U naA
24

gR e\eU phAni Y nY phYH phL}ZU ]U Y

h= phini pS_U dL }h?j>
ngU hU phUnaA }wn^Y
.}B ni
h= naU nZU h= }eU @}U
.( |dT mgh)

***

25

zH|T ogTjdT :mYT

Y eU |g= qhU pbw}eU pdA}Y lR {hU o= *
a B {x fi _U ngfL {x
U ]U

`fx i .nZU ph[I

R pbw}eU pdA}Y ]B Y

{x~eUn= nZU w}x |U cZUn= pdA}eU |w pxnL

y[x {b_hR > B R fx d_> U hbU Y
fei `fx neT phafU phAnfU Y n \x}Y n ini
]U L {_hR ain= nghR }_Zx U pdYncU px}U
h = h = pxnL}U c> {=
ni pT}A R pieU
._ }hQ R hU S }hQ R fL nfw cx rh=
.( mYT mgh)

pbU nZU ]L H w pUjY U {hU }hZx *

cx R U fY nefhA i nT }T af=
ph[I

Y h]x |U fw|U {I}U d= A pd bY phiinS

.pxU fL R}x H lR Y }={x

UB
.( mYT mgh)

26

w neT ni qfU gai nfhdL i dL {hU {Zx

*
pbx}]Un= nghini =}i
nfhdL ni {UU }T|U
R gY ni ngij= }_Z> ngd_> ngA b> U
Y p^U px R ngTdH L R{> ngU {=
rh= TdH
pS]Y
qinT U neT }^i R n^dU
.nw}n> U n^AeUn=

.( mYT mgh)

R ng> ngU pini ngi dL qfU ph=}> U {hU L{x *

|U nggi ngU nhU
ex |U nhU R dU ]B
ngT}A ngdbL nw{@ ngA R {= ngY~U A
.n \x sgfU |w dL {UU =}i nfhdL neT nhU R

.( mYT mgh)

ph=}U rhA {hUnbU n_U _= |U

{hU Hjx *

}ZU n_U w qfU nH dL n_U R ~T}>

ngdB{i nfU {=
}T|U Y hdL n x |U ni ngi
.ngAnaY dex pbd`Y pdL R

.( mYT mgh)

{UU qfU h= ~hheU {hU }x nfw Y *

{bL cZx
B Y nghini
R ng]n= }_Z> rh= qfU {U

Y {UU dex
ne= pdn_U }I phUkeU ngde>

27

 ngJnA B
R H pe g eU pTnZU }^fU c=
.{UU = gx ne= ngLn ng>nSL R ng@}B

.( mYT mgh)

cex pbhS pH A }R> U i dL {hU {Tkx *

nRB Y hfU h= nY A R ngni dL neL
~L }eU dL @}U a=
ng dL cU
{S n hxn> phUkeU
pT}A L nhU S L }eU

}caU pT}U }eU Y{S

L keU cx
nY px{Y

.ni Y U U nY nhbU pRnbU

.( |dT mgh)

qe H U na[U _= j= nfUS U {hU qadx *

}R nY nw{[Y cx {S zxnU }Y
dL }eU ng=
h= ph_h]U aU n`U f_x |w n_= Y nghdL
ph> na }edU ph> na @}ddR hfU
T nL U rh= pcY na nfw }h`>
cex
na ngai na[U oT ngai }^U negfY
.pg=nZY

.( |dT mgh)

p`UnU naU dL px px nfw hU i dL {hU {Tkx

*
aU dL px px nfw hU i neT n Yne> {hI}U pdSn_U
28

 {hI nT d U
d= ni {hI}U UnU Sn_U
.}Y dex ilR

.( mYT mgh)

dL i }T|dU YH {A
pa _U dL {hU {Zx
*
.U

.( mYT mgh)

ohL ni ex
dL Rx H lR |U *

n=}S {A nT oh_U R n _S T nijR x}B

:{Tkx H n=}S }S nT U A n R}fY
{x nY lR nfw Y [ |ImQ] | A } =
|w lR n hf@ }Y ]> nY{fL pdn_U nL Q Y fL
ex
gaY
H n hYH n YgaY hU dwn@

}_x phUkeU i~U @}U ai phi~U }eU ai

U Y negdw Y x}B x
neg[x

nL n_U
.neg= phLne@ pd
.( mYT mgh)

B R }_Zi i :U S {hdU pegeU nU {A *

R }x
px_I qinT H pU~eU hbU T
n x{= nf Y T
.px_I
.( mgT mhT)

29

n cT
rw= }T

}[fL cZx
{hU oA }eU @}U h= oU *
}I ngfhe> ph@~U pS_U {hJ> }nfL Y n Ynw
aR ~x}`U {[Y
}= oU }x |gT nA
n ew cx

x}ZUn= n[> {U Z> ac> nY n UnQ U ~x}`U

nA R cU .h> U U phi ph@~U nhU >

nY n hA {Zi oU
_ZU U lR
nR}]U nL

R}J nai R UnUn= negfh= ~@U pU R wnx

[U nY dL n hdT n Anai neg\_= dL ph@~U pS_U
}eUn= @}U pSL L x}cU }bU nghR }L U p_}U
hR [ }bU] f T m

T h b T m
T v

he@ Y a dx |U {dU U A }B negfY T

.n hdT n bx]> }LnZY >nQ >n@nA n S]Y
i@
.( |dT mgh)

{hAU pine\U w h@~U h= oU @ {hU }x *

~c>}eU oU hA R negfh= }eY
pbheL pSL nfU

30

oU [S R nZU nU w gZU ~x}`U dL

n bheL cx cex n YeL n@}Un= nfU e> U
L r> a]f> }> nY n UnQ gZUnR . }eY
naU pinhU b> nfw nIU {x{@ nLY
cex nY |w .}U ~wU ph@~U pS_U }_>

T }_Zx rhA peA}U eU ngHnH pSL R [x

phfU pS_U n]bi lR UnUn= decx
}B j= nghR}J
.= pS_U {he> U k> }B |g=
.( |dT mgh)

U {hU qadx *
~U R p`UnU hew dL oU

{bR ph@ pSL nf= {fL hdL nc> }\U Y hU

UnhU oU nA R nehH oU n inhA Zax
rhA _SU
}U
@

Y ni }B cZx
nhU }aY hR }>
U }LnZeU An= =n_U
@
[x ne= ~U Za> oU
b> pY{ phYhU

LnaU nJ w ne= ~U pSL y[> rhA c_U

.neU oUn=
nAU pY{bY
h@~U h= Yx

.( |dT mgh)

pxn[S hbU }R R eeU {hUnb> AneH Ax *

pUjY dL px{x{A ~@A ~> qLn]H phLne@
31

}T h?U H R x
~U y A ~U
A ex dTnZY A Y }ceU ~U }hQ
n hHnH
.H R

.( mYT mgh)

phfx p]dH px U nx ~U {bL AneH bx *

U
R bb> @ Y phLne@ {hUnb>
U nx
}ZU ne@ Y @}dU }eU b> achR L}ZU
}ge= ai @)
R phL}ZU
:p@~U ~U ph[I

}ZUn= d_eU }geUn= ~U qdS) :ngU bhU (|T {S

h@ nicx U|= (ngd S Y I }I Y d_eU
.Un_> dU nY

.( mYT mgh)

U Un_> inH dU dL {hU {Tkx {[U |w R *

inT T dL U p]dH px H R _x
UnU f= {hI}U p`UnU f= sx~> U hU |U n ?ni
\bx ngbaU _= {U a > nfw _i .n {hI}U
A ngh= nw{@ ngh= }cU qfU ~>
j=
qfdU :bi = = bi i .{hI p`Un= qinT U
ox nZ> e= ~>
R px}U YnT {hI}U p`UnU
.{UdU pfUn= U|T U R nwn= j> ngU

.( |dT mgh)

32

of > ~U naU nZU nY i dL {hU {Zx

*
x}ZU naY R nQ Y icdex nY Y w
x|U w nf= ~U A hwnaY Y ifx nY
f x nf= n= h@ gdw hU @~hH
R ngai nQ}U dex ~U A ngai hwnaeU

:US ()dL nYU rx{A R {bR neU x}ZU

mX}T RcX fhkQ b< cK S |a=

hU {U p_nI qinT U {hUnbU neT bhmX |gP

h@ cdR
AU hU dL }a> cex =nU
.= pnU R}K

.( |dT mgh)

nhB w nadU pfUn= ~U nhB U {hU }hZx *

px}A px = n> {_= de> {= U nhdU hR

nwnhB {> _h]U Y = ngSL B Y ph>
Y pbheL pH
dL ~c>}Y nwnhB >jx T oiU T
nhU R bx}J SB dbL pH {_= = phRnT pR}_Y

pbR ~UnR @}dU pfUn= nY ..}edU Y}A {Y

o> }> U nhUkeU Y pde@ pe pS{ pT}I

nhA negUA Y nhA neU pcx}ZUn= n> dL

LU U {=
R U|U ~dU }e? dcZx x|U
33

phSB ph_S }nfL Y ]i Y phUkeU |w

.U R Un_> inH dU pS}Y Y phehS
.( |dT mgh)

c_f> oU
dL pHkeU
ph@~U pS_U {hU {b_x *

ha> x= paJnL n= x= pSL dL n =nx

R wn> nU |w Y R nbd> cZ= dL
}H B aJn_U ni UvU Y @
dB
dL c_fx
nw}R Y }R T
.ngdB >nhUkeU

.( |dT mgh)

pfUn= ~U }Q w {A fU dL {hU {Tkx *

Tj> T ~>
dL }eU @}dU
}eUnR H {A
.{gU |w @ @}U ~x
neT ng@ Y }Z>
@}U T
}eU A

bU h]i nH |w dL
.neU |w R
.( |dT mgh)

*
_x fU }eU =
}L {L Y {hU |x
{= }eU }i n H ~U Y
.ngfh[> Y
.( |dT mgh)

***
34

pR jdT }T
jZf> pSkY ph@ pSL ic= qSkeU ~U {hU }_x
*
@~U f_U oin@ U }geU {eU hR }T|x {b_=
~hex

o>}> {_= {eU

@ U pRnn= {U ~U L

.U ngafU }eU qJ}I hdL pbafU

.( |dT mgh)

qSkeU ~U R p_hZU edeU }x :{hU bx *

A fUn= hL}I
U fU pdcZeU
? {_=

U dL hU{U nL cZ= ngd U {U ~U acx

R}> phL}ZU }hQ nS_U zxnU {Y dL }i nfi
j= _S }S U R phL}ZU nS_U Y }eHn=
ni p@nA pAnY YnT ph]`> ]> U phL}ZU pS_U
{U ~U cx n Ln n >nS nfw fU U
~x}Q pUnA nY @U n g@ ni _x neY n hdeL nghR
hdL nfY}A
{U ~U n]i nB pSL T
lR nA
A U _i U
}U R bhH i U f_Y lR n SkY
35

 qSkeU ~U bi |U .{x{I } A R h_hH

A
echU n@ {U ~U oin@ U qS kY
pdcZeU A

()fUn= nY |w _U
phini nhU R phfU
.nS Y qS R dU Y }Yj= L}Zx
U

.( |dT mgh)

n@}U h[> w {hU oA qSkeU ~U {w *

.{U ~U p}R cdex x|U nfU

.( |dT mgh)

p@nA phd> w qSkeU ~U {w AneH yx

*
@}U }eU phfU hR }]U
pQ}U Y negfY T
pY}T U x nY U R {@x bR }eU hU }B

=\U U p@nU dU negLnI \B nY negfY

neT nge^f>
U phiinbU phL}ZU
phL}ZU =\U ^f>
Y eU U }^i nY .phini n@nU phb= nI
x> iT pg@
}B U @ Y bf> p_dH U }edU

ngdR U fY h]> U ngai }eU U _x }Y U|R

}bH pUnA ngU Y n _]bfY n @ ~Un= b>
Y U nbx nY hfH {L }eH
y[x rhA
pUbY

rhA Y }R R d ]> }Y
{L ~> Y jI ngijI
~> Y h= n _]bfY n @ ~> Y nA h= phfU
36

@~x x|U n@}U nfU Y }hT nfgR d ]> ?

|w nS|U
hS|U

H wneH
{S bd]x

.}Y U|U =nZY }Y

.( |dT mgh)

*
}edU cex {@ ph_hJ pUnA fU dL {hU {Tkx
wna> @ Y _hJ cZ= ng>~x}Q nI od]>
n \x U _ax @}dU cex pA} c= _Y
c=
pf H ngi nLn= }B U new{A x Y pA}
nHnex {U ~U n_h]x U ceeU Y dU
phLne@ = e phL}ZU J}Z= ]bfeU ~U

cex .~U |g= nfS U eeU x nY{fL

gi dL pR{[Un= U {Ux x|U pUjY @i

.hL}I

.( mYT mgh)

dL {hU {TkhR qSkeU ~U pUjY ni oH L nY *

pfU nLn= x}U pUjY nhI :U :nUjY H

Y n Y}Y
i}x w YH Un_U R px}T dex
|w {
n hdH n aSY YnZU x}U |w cZx _h]U
|w L phincY {L :phinU .d T eeU R ~U

_hZU }_U R ecfx d_@ iinS }A

cZ= ~U
37

y[x n_U }_U Y ~T B{x inS

n \x
~U d\ax
nfU U pRnn= |w UjY }hQ
ngU Ykx
pfhije]U
nw}bH }edU ax i nLn= {U
.ph@~U nhU R pfhcU

.( |dT mgh)

ni nhA A}Y Y pdA}Y

R U {hU }bx
*
h= x ni nghR nx phdB phdeL U nx
}`x |U ni nY px}caU SnR px{U >nd]Y
nex pUnA hdL od `R n fYkY cx nYlR
|w R
}R
~x}`U hdL `]> {S A}U }`H U }R

.r_U gdU U

.( mYT mgh)

>n@nA R }`x i ni pdcZY U {hU qadx *

n@nU |w f_Y R }`x neY
}T nhe_U phU

Y ..x}B nhA >nhA R n@nU |w pT}A R

ni h_x Y hR inei |U qSU R nfilR nfw
R ng>} R >nhA }eH }I ngi nLn= >n@nA
f_Y L h_x niU {x}i U|T ng>} }hQ
}cU ncR L h_x neT p@nU |d U gZU
nhU R pT}eU
nxn\bU L peh^_U {w L

38

>n@nA d]f> |U ni UA Y cU L
.@ pT}A R U dex ni w phL cU

.( mgT mhT)

***

39

~eT G
pY}T ge> n i a= fU U }^fU U {hU }hZx *
phLne@ phfw U _x }InY cZ= =nbx Y

pde@
ngdcI
pbhbA ex JnB cZ= zxnU {Y dL }^U Y
L ~_e= hU ni}^i nY gR ai fU R penS phd_R
{hUnbU
ph_hJ p@nA i nfx xng> Y = ]h> nY T
ngLnIl= pUn]eU ng= nA ex ni {U
dH cZ= hU }^fdU }Y UnUn= dU {[Y
H yx} cZ= fY @nA nI od]x Y R U
@ nT
nf Y nfhR dU ngbdB ~x}Q fU .}Y
nfU ]_U U ~x}Q nfhR dB neT ngLnI h^f>
.n \x ngLnI h^f>
.( |dT mgh)

*
h= pS_U pUjY }_x H dL AneH {Tkx
ngi |S pSL phfU p@nU nI @ Y hfU
p@nA fU }_x H }eU pY}T U >
40

nY{fL ni }ZU n_]U w neT n Yne> ph_hJ

|gR }B ni B Y {U U |w nI {x}x
|g= fU @i nY{fL nfi ni |w pY}T U x
._hJ L {_i nfilR {b_Y @ hdL a\> U xngU

.( mYT mgh)

Lne@ ehbU gaeU }hh`> @ dL {hU {Zx

*
}eU pY}cU n ingY |S iT L = }U fdU
p]h= pSL d_@ ph`= ~U {hUnb> dL phLne@ =
Y nwnf? U phLne@ xngU dL yaf> ph_hJ
cx ~dU {x}x H phYH }hQ n\A
.}eU @}U h= {@ ph> pUnA
.( mYT mgh)

naU keU _= dL }ax |U }U

: dL {Tkx neT *
fU R ph=}_U
phdH nfw dL }\Un= {x
hY{S ned_U oT Un]i nY{fL ..fU A phYH
d_U h=}U }w nT cZcU nT {i
hR }_> hY{S oT Y = nT
nfw {>
inQ }S yx}[U }h_Un= f@ rx{A dL
T
..}Y p
dL b> }[_U U R qaU U ocU
nfhU w}_I bi phAn= pbx}]= ?{x inT x|U }_ZU
41

hi}bU R InL x|U edeU n cU n= ned_U

pUjY }L ilR |gU ..zU }gU rUnU inU
phAni nfw cU n hYH pY}Y
{eU rhA Y fU
p[hB phf@ p=nT @ w YH SeUn= [ >
h[> ngi = phL{= pehS phfR pehS px fe>
n_U {@U R n dH }? k> ..nU Y }hT R nh`Un=
SB {_U
U nU Y }hT R > ngi nLn=
.nbw}eU hbw}eU nH R n [B

.( mgT mhT)

***

42

ogeT oQmaT
phfU pRnbU pUjeU T Y {x{_U R {hU }]x
*

ngT}i
nwnx }_Y nghew

nfhdL }B pRnb? jT
H{eU sgfeU ncUn= H phed_U ohUnHn= cU

.( mYT mgh)

.n_U U hU U

= n _he@ hededU yR H U AneH }hZx *

L {> U phi}bU }aeU B Y phfU pRnbU

i}bU }h_U A pA}[U Zx ne= phfU pS_U

}T fU f_eUn= Ax ~U L `U }h_> w |U

.(ncfU) pedT w {b_U f_e= nx Y

.( mYT mgh)

L gT R ?{x
hb=nU ned_U {i {hU bx *

n x{A U U nY yd Y
qci i Y bfx nehR fU
_= R {i neT SB }hQ n x{A eeU }_x
43

_= dL eZ> nw
ngJ nedL ngaU U pex{bU ocU
pRUjeU }hQ pxn_U }hQ nhahcU L {> U =

Y p=nT }cax gi nH dL phfU phde_U R

Y _h]x phf@ pRnb? ab x _> {S |w
rh= ph_h]U g>n@ nQ g>nQ phd> ngUB

nhU n]i nB nQ}U d> phd> U @nx

.ph@~U

.( mYT mgh)

j= nZU a]dU {hTjU ox i dL {hU {Zx

*
I w = >nhA L n x}Q n hI qhU phfU n\L
TnI nY oh_U n_U p=}`U dL r_x {@ _hJ
ngcx}> nw}H q\S phL}I n YncA nfw cU U
.nghR ngT}x dU {x}x neT pfh_Y
} R

.( mYT mgh)

pd
Y p@nA c> {S phfU pRnbU pUjY U {hU fx
*

R }]= n=nZU nZdU {b>

ngi }n_eU SU R
Y cx {bR {A = px Y p[hB}U ocU
R hdYn_dU }\U
h]> e phYH phLU B

.pR}feU phfU pRnbU Y hU |bfx A h_Y

.( mYT mgh)

44

 w ngZh_i U pdcZeU {hU }x *

eedU n_U U

pUjY q .n hf@ @
y ph=}`U n\U _a=
phbT n Yne> x}A
ni nghR h_x U neU Y fU
S}ZU eeU U n_U U
R }B >nx}A

h@U |gU cY p^RneU ~U Y n Li h_x

SU Y S}ZU SU x
}feU n\U

.neU |w R }`U R nfU hdL nY U YH

.( mYT mgh)

***

45

mbT mwX

....................................................... oXzaX

................................... ocgeT oghmh o`Im^T :n T

.............................................. m X|@ ~gT n T

............................................... oRzZT n T

................................. !mYcT zh mg`cT |w{=

..................................................a^T n T

..................................................... n T
zgK

.................................... zH|T ogTjdT :mYT

............................................ncT rw= }T
................................................ pR jdT }T

...............................................~eT G
................................................ ogeT oQmaT
47