Animal Diversity:

Chondrichthyes
Anthony Galvez
Ali Raad
Lisa Zhou

Does Snoop Dogg know what

Chondrichthyes are?

Do we know what Chondrichthyes are?

The Sharks
Chondrichthyes
450 million years old
5 Mass Extinctions
They havent always looked like this

Hypoth
After
the emergence
esis
of jawed vertebrates,
gnathostomes
diverged into two
groups,
Chondrichthyes and
Osteichthyes.

Gnathostomes
Osteichthyes

- Skeleton made of
bone

- Largest class of
vertebrates found
today

Gnathostomes
Chondrichthyes
- skeleton made
of cartilage

odern Sharks
Cartilage Skeleton
Denticles
Replaceable Rows
of Teeth

The Story
of Sharks
Carboniferous Period
Boom in Diversity
Golden Age of Sharks

Ordovician(~450 mya)
Devonian(~418 mya)
Carboniferous(~359 mya)

Carboniferous Period

Ex:
Petalodont
Shark

Ex:

Ex:
Stethaca
nthus

The Story of
Devonian Period
Sharks
The Age of Fishes
~419 -350 mya
Development of teeth

Doliodus
problemati
cus
-Appearance of
Primitive Shark Teeth
-Oldest articulated
shark fossil
- Still very fishlike

The First
Jawed Fish
Placoderms
- Armored Fish
- Apex Devonian
Predator
- Ex: Dunkleosteus

Convergent Evolution of Jaws

and Teeth...

The Story of
Ordovician
Sharks
Biodiversification Event
(~450 Million Years ago)
-unprecedented explosion of new classes,
orders, families, genera, and species
-rivals the Cambrian Explosion

Tantalepis
gatehousei

-First organism with

Shark-like scales found
-Middle Ordovician, 450
million years ago
-Central Australia
-No teeth yet
(only dermal denticles)

Why the split?

Genome analysis of Elephant Shark

Advantage of Cartilage - Super

Lightweight
Energy
Efficient
Cartilage lighter than bone

8 percent of sharks weight

Advantage of Cartilage Agility/Maneuverability

Increased maneuverability
Super fluid motions
Sharper and Faster turns

Simplified Tree

Past..what about their Future?

Sharks Face Extinction Today

Survived for over 400 million years and 5 mass extinctions, but will they survive us?

Works Cited

Ahlberg, Per E. "Palaeontology: Birth of the Jawed Vertebrates." Nature Publishing Group. Macmillan
Publishers Limited, 26 Feb. 2009. Web. 11 Oct. 2015.
Caldicott, David G.e, Ravi Mahajani, and Marie Kuhn. "The Anatomy of a Shark Attack: A Case
Report and Review of the Literature." Injury 32.6 (2001): 445-53. Research Gate. Aug. 2001. Web.
12 Oct. 2015.
Carrier, Jeffrey C., John A. Musick, and Michael R. Heithaus. Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives.
2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2004. Print.
Sandberg, C.A., Morrow, J.R., and Ziegler, W., 2002, Late Devonian sea-level changes, catastrophic
events, and mass extinctions, in Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K.G., eds., Catastrophic Events and
Mass Extinctions: Impacts and Beyond: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special
Paper 356, p. 473487.
Sallan, Lauren C., and Michael I. Coates. "End-Devonian Extinction and a Bottleneck in the Early
Evolution of Modern Jawed Vertebrates."PNAS. HighWire Press, 17 May 2010. Web. 13 Oct.
2015.