CHAPTER 10 Data Management: Analysis and Interpretation

Chapter 10 Get Ready

Get Ready

Question 1

Page 316

a) The greatest amount of time spent doing homework is 45 min.

This comes from stem 4 and leaf 5.
b) There are three 5s in stem 2. The most common amount of time
spent doing homework is 25 min.
c) Answers may vary.
Get Ready

Question 2

Stem (tens)
1
2
3
4
Get Ready

Page 316

Leaf (ones)
89
4689
123
1

Question 3

Page 316

= (11 + 16 + 17 + 16 + 18) 5
= 78 5
= 15.6
The mean is 15.6.

a) Mean

To find the median, order the values from least to greatest.

11 16 16 17 18
The middle data point is 16. So, the median is 16.
Mode: 11 16 16 17 18
The most common value is 16. So, the mode is 16.
= (55 + 60 + 85 + 65 + 60) 5
= 325 5
= 65
The mean is 65.

b) Mean

To find the median, order the values from least to greatest.

55 60 60 65 85
The middle value is 60. So, the median is 60.
Mode: 55 60 60 65 85
The most common value is 60. So, the mode is 60.

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Get Ready

Question 4

Page 316

= (22 + 27 + 22 + 27 + 28 + 27) 6
= 153 6
= 25.5
The mean is 25.5.

a) Mean

To find the median, order the values from least to greatest.

22 22 27 27 27 82
The median is the mean of the two middle values. So, the median is 27.
The most common value is 27. So, the mode is 27.
= (75 + 74 + 81 + 92 + 77 + 75) 6
= 474 6
= 79
The mean is 79.

b) Mean

Median: 74 75 75 77 81 92
The median is the mean of the two middle values. So, the median is

75 + 77
= 76 .
2

The most common value is 75. So, the mode is 75.

Get Ready

Question 5

Page 317

a) Sample: a group of teens try a new video game

Population: (B) all teens who play video games
b) Sample: a group of people taste-test a new flavour of cheesecake
Population: (C) all people who eat cheesecake
c) Sample: a group of teens at a school are asked if their school is safe
Population: (A) all teens in the school
Get Ready

Question 6

Page 317

a) Sample: a group of driver education students evaluate a driving course

Population: all driver education students
b) Sample: some teens are asked to try out a new skateboard
Population: teens that use skateboards
c) Sample: a group of students are asked what their favourite cafeteria meal is
Population: all students who eat food from the cafeteria
d) Sample: a group of people are asked if they like a rock bands new lead singer
Population: people who have heard the new lead singer

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Get Ready

Question 7

Page 317

a) The most popular pizza is plain cheese.

b) Veggie choosers = 2

1
pizzas 2 students/pizza
2

= 5 students
c) Each slice of pizza in the pictograph represents
2 students. Use this to determine how many
students selected each type of pizza.
Get Ready

Question 8

Page 317

a)

represents 2 books.

b) Answers may vary. A small book is an appropriate choice for a book collection pictograph.

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Section 10.1 Analyse Data and Make Inferences

Section 10.1

Question 1

Page 321

a) Sales increased.

b) Sales decreased.

c) Sales increased, and then levelled off.

d) Sales decreased, and then increased.

Section 10.1

Question 2

Page 321

The data tell you the lowest score, the highest score, the median, and the mode.

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Section 10.1

Question 3

Page 322

The number of fans of hard rock increased every

year.

Section 10.1

Question 4

Page 322

a) In 1996, there were about 14 500 fans of hard rock.

b) In 2000, there were about 2200 fans of hard rock.
Section 10.1

Question 5

Page 322

The number of fans reached 25 000 in 2001.

Section 10.1

Question 6

Page 322

Extend the graph to 2005. There will be about

34 000 listeners in 2005.

Section 10.1

Question 7

Page 322

a) The coldest temperature is 19C.

b) The warmest temperature is 32 C.

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Section 10.1

Question 8

Page 322

= (19 + 20 + 21 + 23 + 26 + 27 + 27 + 30 + 31 + 32) 10
= 256 10
= 25.6
The mean temperature is 25.6C.
Mean

Median: 19 20 21 23 26 27 27 30 31 32
The median is the mean of the two middle values.
The median temperature is 26.5C.
Mode: The most common value is 27. So, the mode is 27C.
Section 10.1

Question 9

Page 322

a) The number of errors in Claudettes practices has been

steadily declining over time.
b) Claudettes number of errors decreased by 8 in her first
6 practices. If she continues to improve at the same pace,
Claudette will decline by at least 4 errors in the next
4 practices. Since she currently has just 4 errors, this
means that she will probably perform error-free at the
tournament.
c) Claudette could be sick on the day of the tournament, or
simply have a poor performance if she is very nervous.
Section 10.1

Question 10

Page 322

a) Answers may vary.

b) Answers may vary.
Section 10.1

Question 11

Page 323

a) The percent of people who obtain music from

the Internet increased from 1988 to 2002.
b) Answers may vary.

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Section 10.1

Question 12

Page 323

a) The unemployment rate decreased until

1999, then remained flat. The
unemployment rate in communications has
been decreasing, except for a brief increase
in 1996.
b) The unemployment rate for communications
dropped to 4% in 2000.
c) Answers will vary.

Section 10.1

Question 13

Page 323

a) The first set of scores peak in the middle, at around 30.

The second set of scores peak at high scores, over 40.
b) The first class performs at an acceptable level. The
second class performs at an above average level.

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Section 10.1

Question 14

Page 323

a) University graduates earnings increase.

College or trade graduates earnings
increase up to age 40, remain level up to age
55, and then decrease. High school
graduates earnings increase up to about age
30, stay level up to age 60, and then
decrease. Earnings of people with less than
high school education increase up to age 35,
then slowly decrease.
b) The maximum earnings are $68 000 for
university graduates, $39 000 for college or
trade graduates, $30 000 for high school
graduates, and $28 000 for less than high
school.
c) You could use this graph to estimate the total lifetime earnings for a university graduate by
adding the squares under the graph. Each square represents 5 $10 000 = $50 000. Begin at
age 20, and end at age 65. This results in an estimate of about $2 500 000.

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Section 10.2 Understand and Apply Measures of Central Tendency

Section 10.2

Question 1

Page 326

Matt is correct that the median is the best measure of central tendency. The data set is small and
the mean has a very high value. Four out of the five data points are below the mean, so the mean
is a poor choice as a measure of central tendency. The median is a good choice for describing the
data.
Maria is correct that if the score of 106 is removed, then the mean becomes the best measure of
central tendency. The mean is no longer very high or low compared with the data and there are no
data points that are unusually high or low to distort the mean.
Section 10.2

Question 2

Page 326

The mode is not a good choice to describe Annas golf scores because there is no mode for this
set of data.
Section 10.2

Question 3

Page 326

a)
81 + 83 + 56 + 79 + 80
5
= 75.8
The mean is 75.8%.

Mean =

Arrange the data points in increasing order from least to greatest.

56 79 80 81 83
The middle data point is 80. So, the median is 80%.
There is no mode.
b) The mean is a poor choice because it is below four out of the five data points.
The median is a good choice as a measure of central tendency.
Section 10.2

Question 4

Page 326

a) The data set is 123, 130, 128, 132, 126, 123.

Both the mean and median are good choices as measures of central tendency.
b) The mode of the data set is 123. This is a very poor measure of central tendency because
every single data point is equal to or greater than 123.

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Section 10.2
a)

Question 5

Page 327

64 + 60 + 64 + 72
4
= 65

Mean =

The mean is 65%.

To find the median, arrange the data points in increasing order.
60 64 64 72
The middle two data points are 64. So, the median is (64 + 64) 2 or 64%.
b)

64 + 60 + 64 + 72 + 90
5
= 70

Mean =

The mean is 70%.

Arrange the data points in increasing order.
60 64 64 72 90
The middle data point is 64. So, the median is 64%.
c) The 90% score has a large impact on the mean because it is much greater than the previous
mean of 65%.
The 90% score has no impact on the median because it is greater than the other scores and
there are two scores of 64%. The middle score remains 64%.
Section 10.2

Question 6

Page 327

a) The most important measure of central tendency to the

store owner is mode. The owner wants to know what the
most common shoe size is so that shoes that size are kept
in stock.
b) The mean is not important to the store owner. Shoes do not
come in decimal sizes.
The median is also not important. The store owner does not care what the middle shoe size is.
The owner wants to know how many shoes of each size to order.
Section 10.2

Question 7

Page 327

The median is often a better measure of central tendency than the mean when the data set is small
and has one or two values that are abnormally large or small. In this situation, the mean is
distorted and caused to be either larger or smaller than most of the data points. Abnormally large
or small values have no effect on the median.

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Section 10.2

Question 8

Page 327

Your marks are: 72, 80, 66, 63, 74, 60, 68, 70.
Your top six marks are: 80, 74, 72, 70, 68, 66.

80 + 74 + 72 + 70 + 68 + 66
6
 71.7

Mean =

You will get accepted into the program.

The mean of the top six marks is 71.7, which is above the cut-off of 70.
Section 10.2

Question 9

Page 327

261
18
= 14.5
The mean mark is 14.5 or 15.

a) Mean =

To find the median, arrange the marks in order from least to greatest.
6 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17
The median mark is 15.
The mode is 15. It occurs six times.
b) Without the mark of 6, the mean mark is

255
or 15.
17

c) The unusual mark of 6 does not affect the mean mark because the data set is significantly
large.

Section 10.2

Question 10

Page 327

a)
Course
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
Calculus
Geometry
English
Computers
Data Management
Geography
History
Mean

Alysia
88
86
80
82
81
85
90
87

84.9

Laurie
84
82
62
80
60
90

Ahmed
61
82
88
90
87
65

85
90
79.1

78.8

b) Alysia is the only student who will be accepted to university, since she is the only one with a
mean mark above 80%.

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c) Alysias graduation average is 86.3% or 86%.

Lauries graduation average is 85.2% or 85%.
Ahmeds graduation average is 78.8% or 79%.
d) Based on graduation average, Alysia and Laurie will be accepted to university.
e) Laurie benefits the most from using the graduation average. Her graduation average is
higher than the 80% mark required for acceptance.

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Section 10.3 Bias in Samples

Section 10.3

Question 1

Page 331

The reply should include the following

points.
An unbiased sample has two main
characteristics.
1) It is randomly drawn.
2) It accurately reflects the
characteristics of the population
from which it is drawn.
Joans sample is a good one because it is
unbiased. It meets the two criteria listed above.
Section 10.3

Question 2

Page 331

It is important to consider sample size when conducting a survey. If the sample size is too small
then the results have a greater chance of being inaccurate. This is evident in the cartoon. The girl
asks only two students in her class whether they play soccer. When both students say no, she
concludes that nobody in her class plays soccer.
Section 10.3

Question 3

Page 331

Answers may vary. Only two players are surveyed. There is a very good chance that the sample
will not reflect the overall opinion of the team because the sample size is too small.
Section 10.3

Question 4

Page 331

Answers may vary. Only three teachers are surveyed. There is a very good chance that the sample
will not reflect the overall opinion of the school staff because the sample size is too small.
Section 10.3

Question 5

Page 332

Yes, the sample contains bias for two reasons.

1) The sample size is too small.
2) One of the values is very different from the others.
Section 10.3

Question 6

Page 332

No, this is not a random sample. The coach surveys all players from the same team. If the coach
wants a random sample, the coach should survey two or three players from many different teams.
Section 10.3

Question 7

Page 332

Yes, picking names out of a drum is a random sample. The names must be picked without
looking.

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Section 10.3

Question 8

Page 332

Yes, surveying every third student is a random sample.

The sample size is not too small, and the sample is drawn randomly.
Section 10.3

Question 9

Page 332

Yes, the sample is biased if only school athletes are asked. School athletes will probably be
biased in favour of making Physical Education classes required since athletes enjoy physical
activity.
Section 10.3

Question 10

Page 332

Yes, the sample is biased if only school coaches are asked. School coaches will probably be
biased in favour of making Physical Education classes required since that might increase the
number of talented students available for sports teams.
Section 10.3

Question 11

Page 332

No, a group of students at a school is not a biased sample, as long as the sample is randomly
selected and not too small.
Section 10.3

Question 12

Page 332

A survey that asks Toronto Blue Jays fans which team will win the World Series is biased
because a large number of fans are optimistic that the Toronto Blue Jays will win.
The bias can be removed in many ways, such as by surveying Torontonians that are fans of other
baseball teams as well.
Section 10.3

Question 13

Page 332

a) No, Kellys sample is not random. It does not represent the schools population and it is too
small.
b) The people that Kelly asks are his friends. The sample is biased because Kellys friends are
likely to share the same taste in music as Kelly and because they might want to show their
support for their friend.
c) Answers may vary. Kelly could randomly survey people as they enter the cafeteria.
Section 10.3

Question 14

Page 332

Since Rachel is only inviting listeners of the hard rock station to call in for the survey, the sample
is likely biased in favour of the hard rock genre of music.
Section 10.3

Question 15

Answers may vary.

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Page 333

Section 10.3

Question 16

Page 333

6 7 8
9 10
Judge 1 2 3 4 5
Score 6.5 6 8.5 7 6.5 6.5 6 6.5 4.5 7
a)

65
10
= 6.5
Miyas mean score is 6.5.
Mean =

b)
Judge 1 2 3
Score 6.5 6 8.5

21
3
=7
The mean score is 7 when using the first three judges as a sample.
Mean =

c)
9 10
Judge 8
Score 6.5 4.5 7

18
3
=6
The mean score is 6 when using the last three judges as a sample.
Mean =

d) The mean for the first three judges is higher than the mean for the population.
The mean for the last three judges is below the mean for the population.
e) Often, the highest and lowest scores are not included in order to remove bias. When the
population is small, one data point significantly above or below the other data points will
skew the mean.
Section 10.3

Question 17

Page 333

a) If Ms. Santino marked the quizzes

in reverse order, the last three marks
would not provide an accurate
sample. All three marks are above
the population mean, and clearly the
sample size is too small.
b) Yes, a combined sample of the first three scores and the last three scores would provide a
better sample. This sample is twice the size of the first two samples, and makes up almost
one-third of the population.

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Section 10.3

Question 18

Page 333

a)

1879
27
 69.6
The mean score is 70%.
Mean =

Arrange the scores in increasing order to find the median.

38 42 48 55 57 60 62 64 66
68 68 70 70 71 71 72 72 72
73 74 78 83 85 87 88 91 94
There are an odd number of data points. The middle data point is 71. So, the median is 71%.
The most common data point is 72, with three occurrences. The mode is 72%.
b) f) Answers may vary.

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10.4 Make and Evaluate Arguments Based on Data

Section 10.4

Question 1

Page 337

a) Mayas graph supports the argument that the majority

of the students do not want to go to Qubec City on
the school trip. This is evident because the other two
bars stacked together are taller than the Qubec City
bar.
b) Mayas choice of a vertical interval of 5 makes it seem
like it is almost a three-way split. This is because all of
the bars are very close to 5.
c) The graph title distorts the data by explicitly stating
that there is a three-way split over the school trip.

Section 10.4

Question 2

Page 337

a) Benson is the better salesperson because his sales are

higher than Chengs in the last two months and
because Bensons is steadily improving while Cheng is
not.
b) Cheng is the better salesperson because he is very
consistent. His average sales per month are $7400,
while Bensons average sales are only $6800. Cheng
outperformed Benson in three out of five months.

Section 10.4

Question 3

Page 338

a) The Big Cheese created the advertisement.

The title of the graph supports The Big
Cheese. Also, The Big Cheese burger
looks twice as large as the Bonzo Burger
even though it should only be slightly
larger.
b) By distorting the graph, the impression that The Big Cheese is superior to Bonzo Burger is
achieved.

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Section 10.4

Question 4

Page 338

The non-fiction bar looks larger than the other two bars
combined even though the sum of the other two is 8 while
the non-fiction bar is 7. This effect is achieved by starting
the vertical axis at 2 instead of 0.

Section 10.4

Question 5

Page 338

a)

b) Non-fiction made up 7 out of 15 books. This is less than 50%, so it is not a majority.

Section 10.4

Question 6

Page 338

The storeowner should not make claims based on the data from one day. The sample size is too
small.

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Section 10.4

Question 7

Page 338

a) The mean for Cheng:

7+8+8+7+7
5
= 7.4

Mean =

The mean for Benson:

3+6+7+8+9
5
= 6.6

Mean =

Cheng is the better salesperson because his mean sales are higher than Bensons mean sales.
b) Using the February to May sales for Benson:

6+7+8+9
4
= 7.5

Mean =

Benson is the better salesperson because his mean sales of $7500 for February to May are higher
than Chengs mean sales of $7400.

Section 10.4
a)

Question 8

Page 338

30 + 18 + 33 + 33 + 29
5
= 28.6

Mean =

Andreas mean test score is 29.

b) Answers may vary. Andreas test score of 18 can be claimed as unusual. So, it can be
removed from the data set. In this case, Andreas mean test score is 31.25.

31.25
100%
40
= 78.125%

31.25 of 40 =

Andreas mean test score is 78%, when her test mark of 18 is removed. This is above 75%.

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Section 10.4

Question 9

Page 338

a) The symbol is a pot of gold. This is probably chosen

to make investors think that this particular broker
will be able to make them a lot of money.
b) No, the graph is not misleading. The symbols clearly
show the earnings expected from the three
companies without distortion.
c) Answers may vary. The graph tells you the annual earnings of three companies. AAA Mutual
has earnings of $6 million, Tri-Gold has earnings of $7 million, Leading Edge has earnings of
$4 million. The graph shows that Tri-Gold Investors has the highest earnings. The graph
shows that Leading Edge Limited has the lowest earnings.
Section 10.4

Question 10

Page 339

a) 70% of Ontario people unhappy with current spending

on public transit
This headline is appropriate, since 70% of respondents
indicated that more money should be spent on public
transit. The headline does not indicate whether the
residents think that the funding should be increased or
decreased.
b)

3
of Toronto residents dissatisfied with public transit
4

funding
This headline is inappropriate, since

3
= 75%, not 70%.
4

The headline does not indicate whether the residents

think that the funding should be increased or decreased.
c) Survey shows majority of Toronto residents agree that more money should be spent on
public transit
This headline is appropriate. The graph shows that a majority of Toronto residents favour
increased spending.

2
of Toronto residents feel that more money should be spent on public transit
3
2
This headline is appropriate, since
= 67%, which is just under the 70% shown on the
3

d) Over

graph. The graph indicates that more money should be spent on public transit.

460 MHR Chapter 10

Section 10.4

Question 11

Page 339

Answers may vary.

Section 10.4

Question 12

Page 339

a)

Hourly Wage ($)

Braodcasting Salary vs. Average

13
12.5
12
11.5
11
10.5
10
Broadcaster

Average
Occupation

b)

Hourly Wage ($)

Braodcasting Salary vs. Average

15
10
5
0
Broadcaster

Average
Occupation

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Section 10.4

Question 13

Page 339

Monthly Sales ($1000s)

Candidate January February March April May
Lenora
7
8
9
8
8
Joseph
8
3
10
9
9
Suni
4
6
7
8
11
Lenora has the highest mean monthly sales at $8000 per month. She is very consistent and her
sales do not fluctuate rapidly.
Joseph has been the highest seller in three out of the five months. If his one low month is
removed from the data set, his mean monthly sales are higher than the other candidates mean
sales.
Suni's sales have increased every month. She was the top seller in the last month.
Section 10.4

Question 14

Answers may vary.

462 MHR Chapter 10

Page 339

Chapter 10 Review
Review

Question 1

Page 340

Ty surveys a sample of the grade 8 population.

Review

Question 2

Page 340

19 is the mean of 14, 20, 25, 14, 22.

14 + 20 + 25 + 14 + 22
5
95
=
5
= 19

Mean =

Review

Question 3

Page 340

Marlene picks a name from a hat to choose who to survey. This is a random sample.
Review

Question 4

Page 340

20 is the median of 14, 20, 25, 14, 22.

Arrange the data points in increasing order.
14 14 20 22 25
The middle value is 20. So, the median is 20.
Review

Question 5

Page 340

More than half of the grade 8 students like video games. This is a majority.
Review

Question 6

Page 340

14 is the mode of 14, 20, 25, 14, 22. The most common value is 14.
Review

Question 7

Page 340

Mean, median, and mode are all measures of central tendency.

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Review

Question 8

Stem (tens)
4
5
6
7
8
9

Page 340

Leaf (ones)
7
59
4468
1113559
2458
13

Answers may vary. The measures of central tendency can be determined.

1461
20
= 73
The mean is 73%.
Mean =

There is an even number of values. The middle two data points are 71 and 73.
The median is (71 + 73) 2 or 72%.
The most common value is 71. So, the mode is 71%.
Review

Question 9

Page 340

Sales for science-fiction books were constant.

Sales for mystery books increased and then
decreased.
Sales for non-fiction books decreased.

Review

Question 10

Page 340

a) Science fiction sales were greater than the other two categories in the month of October.
b) Answers may vary. One prediction for November sales could be
science fiction: $5000, mystery: $0, non-fiction: $2000

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Review

Question 11

Page 340

The most important measure of central tendency for the clothing store is
mode. Ashley needs to know the most popular size of jeans so that she can
order more.

Review

Question 12

Page 341

a) Susana:

32 + 30 + 56 + 33 + 31
5
= 36.4

Mean =

Susanas mean number of goals

scored per season is 36.
Layla:

35 + 38 + 36 + 14 + 40
5
= 32.6
Laylas mean number of goals scored per season is 33.
Mean =

Susana has a higher mean number of goals scored per season. So, she is the better scorer.
b) Susana:

32 + 30 + 33 + 31
4
= 31.5

Mean =

Susanas mean number of goals scored is 31.5 or 32 without her unusual season of 56 goals.
So, Susanas mean decreases by almost 5 goals when her unusual season is not included.
Layla:

35 + 38 + 36 + 40
4
= 37.25
Laylas mean number of goals scored is 37.25 or 37 without her unusual season of 14 goals.
So, Laylas mean increases by almost 5 goals when her unusual season is not included.
Mean =

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Review

Question 13

Page 341

Yes, the results of the survey are biased. The sample consists of only NBA fans, and is therefore
not random. NBA fans are likely to say that there should be another sports specialty channel on
cable TV.
Review

Question 14

Page 341

This sample may or may not reflect the overall opinion of all students. There is a high chance that
it will not reflect the overall opinion of the population because the sample size is so small.
Review

Question 15

Page 341

a) Chukaboomerang has always been

more popular than Serentrippity.
Chukaboomerang has total sales of
$32.5 million, while Serentrippity
has sales of $21 million.
b) Serentrippitys sales have been rapidly increasing. In the last album release, Serentrippitys
sales were equal to those of Chukaboomerang.
Review

Question 16

Page 341

Hours Online Frequency

0 to 1
4
1 to 2
6
2 to 3
11
3 to 4
8
More than 4
1
a) The survey indicates that 11 + 8 + 1 = 20 teens spend more than 2 h per day online.
The sample consists of 4 + 6 + 11 + 8 + 1 = 30 teens.
20
2
or .
So, the fraction of teens spending over 2 h a day surfing the Internet is
30
3
b) Reason 1: The sample is biased because the survey was conducted over the Internet. These
teens are more likely to spend more time online than a teen who does not have easy access to
a computer.

Reason 2: The sample size is very small. There are millions of teens, but the sample size is
only 30.
Reason 3: The reporter claims that teens are no longer active. Spending part of a day at a
computer still leaves other parts of the day to engage in physical activity.

466 MHR Chapter 10

Chapter 10 Practice Test

Practice Test

Question 1

Page 342

D The population of North Lake decreased and

then levelled off.
Practice Test

Question 2

Page 342

C The false statement says that the population

of Mauldon is steadily decreasing. In fact,
the reverse is true. The population of
Mauldon is steadily increasing.
Practice Test

Question 3

Page 342

A Every two years, the population of Mauldon seems to increase by about 2000 people. At this
rate of growth, the population of Mauldon will be the same as Deer Haven by 2005.
Practice Test

Question 4

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a) The sample is biased. Every person surveyed is a dog owner. So, the sample is not chosen
randomly. Dog owners are likely to be in favour of rules that are lenient to pet owners. All
park users should be surveyed.
b) The sample is biased. The school president asks only three people. So, the sample size is too
small. The sample is also not chosen randomly because the people surveyed are all friends of
the school president and they will likely support her opinion. A fair sample of all students at
the school should be surveyed.
Practice Test

Question 5

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a) The results of the survey have been distorted by

the choice of title. It is biased in favour of the Montral
Canadiens.
the use of colour. Red makes the Canadiens stand out.
the choice of interval for the vertical scale. The vertical
axis does not start at 0. This makes the Montral
Canadiens bar appear much taller than the other two bars.
b) To show undistorted results, remove the biases.
Create an accurate and unbiased title for the graph.
Use one colour for all three bars.
Start the vertical axis at 0.

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Practice Test

Question 6

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Starting Salaries ($)

Stem
Leaf
(thousands)
(hundreds)
38 8
39 0 6 7
40 0 0 4 6
41 0
42
43
44
45 6
404 700
10
= 40 470

a) Mean =

The mean starting salary for an engineer is $40 470.

There is an even number of data points. The middle two data points are both 40 000. The
median starting salary is $40 000.
The most commonly occurring data point is 40 000. So the mode starting salary is $40 000.
b) When the unusual salary of $45 600 is removed, the mean salary decreases to $39 900; the
median stays the same; and the mode stays the same.

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Practice Test

Question 7

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Answers may vary.

Anthonys mean average is 89%.
Hermias mean average is 88%.
Anthony should win the award because he has the
higher mean average.

Hermia should win the award

because her averages are steadily
improving, while Anthonys
averages show no particular
trend.

Average(%)

92
90
88
Average(%) 86

Anthony
Hermia

84
82
80
1

Term

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