Annotated Bibliography

1) Sleep deprivation
2) "Sleep Deprivation." Journal of Sleep Research. 15 (2006): 56-58. Print.
b. K.P wright who wrote Sleep Deprivation in the Journal of Sleep Research, focuses
on the research of sleep but the specific topic I studied was sleep deprivation. The author
talks about the effects of chronic sleep loss and how often one should be sleeping each
night. It talks about the consequences of chronic partial sleep deprivation and how it
impacts the brain and serotonin levels. They found this information out by doing
experiments on animals and injecting them with serotonin after. Overall not getting the
needed hours of sleep each night or not getting good quality sleep effects the brain and
body in a negative way. This article was written to be read by people interested in
learning about the effects of sleep and people researching sleep. It is comprised of a lot of
information on sleep and the test results of sleep deprivation. K. P. Wright, author for
European sleep research society, proves this article credible by showing and explaining
the research found by the researchers. In the journal of sleep research it states that
Nightly sleep durations of <7 h are reported to be inadequate to maintain optimal levels
of alertness and cognitive function.

Extending sleep opportunities from 7/8 h up to 10 h per night has been reported

to improve alertness and vigilance performance

Restricted sleep for 8 days gradually changes serotonergic signal transduction in

the brain.
Compared to well-rested state, brain activation following sleep deprivation
reveals increased activity in task-specic areas (claustrum, posterior cingulate,
right supramarginal gyrus).

c. This text will be useful for me in terms of getting valuable and reliable information on
sleep deprivation. It is written at a high level which makes it harder to read than your
average text but provides quality information. There is a lot of facts and research done in
this article which helps with understanding the effects of sleep deprivation. This article
isnt the best if someone wants to just sit down and quickly read about sleep deprivation.
It is more suitable for someone who wants to read a highly knowledgeable article on
research done with different animals and the results.
d. As I went along I came across a few things, some to make this process easier and
others to make it more difficult. Trying to do the summary without a good understanding
of the article and knowing what its all about was not possible. I found out quickly that in
order to get a well written summary that you have to actually read the text and know how
it is written. Picking out quotes while reading and going through the article worked and
made the process easier. By doing this, you dont have to go back and try to find the
quotes you liked or what would be good for your inquiry.

Annotated Bibliography
1) Sleep derprivation
2) Booker, Ruth. "Sleep Deprivation." British Medical Journal. 325.7359 (2002). Print.
b. Ruth Booker, a retired general practitioner, wrote this article about sleep
deprivation and recalls her personal experiences with it. She talks about how in the
hospital the junior hospital doctors work a great number of hours each week and work
consistently without adequate amounts of sleep. She tells a personal story about how
she was sleep deprived and the effects of it while she was trying to work. Lack of
emotion, and rational thinking were some of the symptoms she mentions she
experienced while trying to work without sleep. This article, A memorable patient:
Sleep deprivation, was meant to be read by people who want to know about a first
hand experience with sleep deprivation. It was written by someone who lives in
Britain on August 10, 2002. They published this so people could read a real world
example of how sleep deprivation is dangerous and can happy to anyone. Ruth
Booker, who wrote this article, is credible because her piece is in the British medical
journals which is reviewed and edited before being published. Her portion is a
personal story and was a general practitioner so there isnt much to not be credible on.
Ruth claims I was exhausted to the point where I no longer felt tired. I no longer felt
anything at all. All concentration took huge effort when she was talking about how
she felt with going on days of work without sleep.

She mentions how she felt by saying The lack of alarm I had felt was now
matched by lack of relief. I simply registered the fact and returned to my
sleep deprieved thinking.

I was devoid of all emotion and of any sense of involvement. Merely an

observer, I felt completely detached from what seemed to me to be the reality

of the situation.
We were halfway through when I became aware that the patients head had
come off in my hands. I registered this fact quite calmly, feeling no alarm at
all, no distress, not even any surprise. I struggled to think whether I had seen
this happen before.

c. This article was much different than the last one in many ways, including difficulty
of reading and understanding. This article was much easier to read and follow. It was
just a story a general practitioner was sharing about her experience with sleep
deprivation, opposed to straight facts and research like in the previous article I read.
It was easy to follow along and understand what she was saying and trying to get
across.
d. Along with the other article, reading this whole text all the way through made it a
lot easier to summarize and talk about. This was a good article to read about someone
experiencing sleep deprivation and to get a different side about it. Every other source
I get will most likely be on facts about sleep deprivation so I am glad I found this
article to get a different perspective.

Annotated Bibliography
1) Sleep Deprivation
2) "What Are Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency?" - NHLBI, NIH. N.p., 22 Feb.
2012. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.
b. Sleep deprivation is when you dont get enough sleep, which can occur from
sleeping at the wrong time of the day, you dont sleep well, or from having a
sleep disorder that causes poor sleep. This website article is written by medical
professionals who have studied sleep and sleep deprivation. It was edited in 2012
and was written to inform readers about the importance of good quality sleep.
This website is credible because it is a part of U.S department of health and
human services, also contains research funded by that department. The author
proclaims Sleep deficiency is linked to many chronic health problems, including
heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke, obesity, and
depression.

Studies also show that sleep deficiency alters activity in some parts of
the brain. If you're sleep deficient, you may have trouble making
decisions, solving problems, controlling your emotions and behavior, and

coping with change.

After several nights of losing sleepeven a loss of just 12 hours per
nightyour ability to function suffers as if you haven't slept at all for a

day or two.
Some people nap as a way to deal with sleepiness. Naps may provide a
short-term boost in alertness and performance. However, napping doesn't

provide all of the other benefits of night-time sleep. Thus, you can't really
make up for lost sleep.
c. This website on sleep deprivation was one of the most helpful sources that I
have read and researched. It was filled with helpful information and had clinical
trials in it to back up its research. Overall it was easy to read and follow along
with what it was displaying. The author addressed my question plus gave me
more information that would help me understand my topic better. For example,
giving background information on sleep and the different types of sleep, which
makes it easier to understand sleep deprivation.
d. I found that with this website, since there was a lot of information, that skim
reading every section and then going back to look at a specific topic when I
needed it worked the best. That way I would have a basic understanding of
everything but could go back and read more thoroughly on certain things. Next I
am going to look for a website that talks more about the history of studying sleep
deprivation.

Annotated Bibliography
1) Sleep Deprivation
2) Pietrangelo, Ann. "Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Body." Healthline.
N.p., 19 Aug. 2014. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.
b. Sleep is something you need as much as you need to breathe and eat. While
youre sleeping, your body is helping your physical and mental health and
giving you the energy required for the next day. When youre deprived of
sleep, your brain cant function properly, which affects your cognitive
abilities and emotional state. If not getting sleep continues long enough, it can
lower your bodys defenses, putting you at risk of developing chronic illness.
This article on the website was written by medical professionals who are
informing readers about sleep deprivation and the harmful effects of it. This
website is credible because the article was medically reviewed by a doctor
and is on a professional medical website. The author proclaims that If sleep
deprivation continues long enough, youre at increased risk of hallucinations,
especially if you have narcolepsy or systemic lupus erythematosis.

A side effect of sleep deprivation is micro sleep. Thats when

youre asleep for only a few seconds or a few minutes, but you

dont realize it.

Since sleep deprivation can weaken your immune system, youre
more vulnerable to respiratory problems like the common cold and
influenza.

Sleep deprivation prompts your body to release higher levels of insulin after
you eat, promoting fat storage and increasing your risk of developing type 2
diabetes.

c. This text was very useful and simple to read. It gave me a lot of information on
sleep deprivation
d. Reading through each section in the website then going back through it helped me
out the best. Next I am going to look for other websites that give additional
information on sleep deprivation.

Annotated Bibliography
1) College students sleep deprivation
2) "Sleep." Sleep. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2015.
b. This website is on Brown universities health page under the sleep section. It
addresses the problem of college students not getting enough sleep and how it
effects them in a negative way. This was published to make college students and
the general public aware of the importance of sleep by providing facts about the
negative side effects not sleeping enough can have. This is a credible source
because it is on Brown universities website under their health section. On the
website it proclaims According to a 2001 study, only 11% of college students
have good sleep quality, and 73% have occasional sleep problems.
18% of college men and 30% of college women reported suffering from
insomnia within the past 3 months, and over half reported feeling sleepy

during the morning.

Not getting enough sleep also seriously impairs your ability to drive.
Driving while tired is as dangerous as driving while intoxicated - more
than 40,000 injuries and 1,500 deaths each year result from traffic

accidents involving sleepy drivers.

It's well documented that sleep deprived students perform significantly
worse than students who regularly get a good night's sleep. REM sleep is
particularly important for consolidating newly learned information, and a
large proportion of REM sleep occurs towards the end of the night.

c. Overall I thought this website was pretty helpful for my research. It was
easy to read and had some good information regarding college students and
sleep deprivation.

d. Skimming the website and just reading the facts about sleep deprivation
and college students and disregarding the other information worked for me. It
cut time out from reading irrelevant stuff to my inquiry. Next I will look for
more information on the history of sleep deprivation.

Annotated Bibliography
1) Sleep deprivation
2) Klein, Sarah. "8 Scary Side Effects Of Sleep Deprivation." The
Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 18 Sept. 2014. Web. 08 Nov.
2015.
b. This website contains information provided by medical professionals
regarding sleep deprivation and the negative effects it has on the body. It
was uploaded in 2013 but updated in September of 2014. This website
was written for people that want to be provided with information
regarding sleep deprivation and how it effects the body. This website is
credible because it is a popular known to be credible website. The author
proclaims that After just seven nights of too little sleep, researchers
observed more than 700 genetic changes that could play a role in
consequences including heart problems and obesity, according to a recent
study.
It seems that six hours of sleep or less bumps up production of
the hunger hormone ghrelin and limits leptin, which helps you

balance your food intake.

A 2010 study found that among 1,240 people screened for
colorectal cancer, the 338 who were diagnosed were more likely to

average fewer than six hours of sleep a night

The study found that people who slept for six hours or less each
night and have problems staying asleep had a 48 percent higher
risk of developing or dying from heart disease.

c. Overall this website was really helpful and contained a lot of useful
information. It had all the side effects of sleep deprivation and explained
each one.
d. Reading the headline of each side effect then reading the information
provided helped me understand. Next I will find another website to find
out more.

Annotated Bibliography
1) Sleep deprivation
2) "Sleep." The Importance of. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015.
b. This website is part of university of Michigans health page and
provides information on sleep and sleep deprivation. It was written for
college students that want to know more information on sleep and the
negative side effects sleep deprivation can cause. This website is
credible because it is a major universities website under their health
section. The author states that Research at Brown University has
found that approximately 11% of students report good sleep, while
73% report sleep problems.
18% of college men and 30% of college women report

having suffered from insomnia in the past 3 months.

Sleep deprivation in students has been linked to lower GPAs
because sleep affects concentration, memory and the ability to

learn.
The average adult sleeps less than seven hours each night,
when most need eight or more hours.

c. This website was pretty helpful in conducting my research. It was

more of just information on sleep in general and how to get good
sleep opposed to sleep deprivation. It was written for college students
so it was relatable and had enough information on sleep deprivation to
help.

d. Skimming over this website and reading the information regarding

sleep deprivation helped me get the most out of it. Reading the bullet
points they provided with different facts was useful.